The Writing Background of Speech in Commemoration of the Centenary of Voltaire's Death

This article is a speech delivered by Hugo at the centenary of Voltaire's death. 1878, the Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte dynasty was overthrown and a government was established. The author ended his exile on 19. However, Germany's war against France did not stop because of fierce disputes among political factions. In particular, members of the Paris Commune were killed and there was blood everywhere. Barbarism is still there, and the swords and shadows are rampant. On behalf of the left, the author sympathizes with the Paris Commune and is constantly being excluded. Therefore, Hugo, a humanitarian soldier who drew strength from Voltaire's thought, delivered this speech full of fighting passion.