Original text
On the night of October 12th, the sixth year of Yuanfeng, I took off my clothes and was about to fall asleep. When the moonlight came into my house, I happily set off. Thinking of nothing and being happy, I went to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin. Huai Min also stayed up and walked with each other in the atrium. Under the courtyard, the sky is clear as if there was accumulated water. The water is crisscrossed with algae and covered with bamboo and cypress shadows. What night is there without a moon? Where are there no bamboos or cypresses? But there are few idle people like the two of us.
Edit the translation of this paragraph
On the night of October 12th, the sixth year of Yuanfeng, when (I) took off my clothes and prepared to go to bed, I saw the moonlight shining through the door and window, (so I) happily Get up and go for a walk. It occurred to me that I had no one with whom to travel, so I went to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin. Zhang Huaimin didn't sleep either, so we walked in the courtyard together. The moonlight shone on the ground of the courtyard, which was as clear and transparent as accumulated water. The algae and waterlilies in the "water" were crisscrossed in a crisscross pattern, which turned out to be the shadows of bamboo and cypress trees under the moonlight. Which night is without moonlight? (Again) Which place doesn’t have bamboo and pine and cypress? It’s just that there is a lack of people who are as free as the two of us. Note: Since the article says "like stagnant water, the sky is bright", that is, "the moonlight fills the courtyard like stagnant water, clear and transparent", it is not really "water", so when translating, "in the water" must be quoted.
< p>Edit notes for this paragraphChengtian Temple: Its former site is in the south of today's Huanggang County, Hubei Province. The sixth year of Yuanfeng: 1083 AD. Yuanfeng, the reign name of Zhao Xu, Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. At that time, it had been four years since the author was demoted to Huangzhou due to the Wutai Poetry Case. Solution: Untie the tied things. Desire: Want. House: One said it refers to the door of the main room, another said it refers to the window, here it refers to the window. Xinran: Happy and happy. Xin, happy, happy. However, it looks like... Action: Take a walk. Those who think of nothingness and pleasure: Think of no one with whom to have fun. Think about, think about, think about. He who has no pleasure has no one to play with. Sui: So, just. To: Arrive. Zhang Huaimin: The author’s friend. His name was Mengde, his courtesy name was Huaimin, and he was a native of Qinghe (now Qinghe, Hebei Province). In the sixth year of Yuanfeng, he was also demoted to Huangzhou and lived in Chengtian Temple. Sleep: sleep, lie down. Walking together in the courtyard: walking together in the courtyard, walking together, walking together, walking together. Atrium, courtyard. The courtyard is as clear as the accumulated water: it means that the moonlight fills the courtyard, just like the accumulated water filling the courtyard, clear and transparent. Algae (xìng): They are all aquatic plants, here they are aquatic plants. Algae, the general name for aquatic plants. Nymphoides is a perennial aquatic plant with heart-shaped leaves, green face and purple back, and yellow flowers in summer. Kongming: clear and transparent. Cross: intersect. Cover: original also: yes but few idle people: just people who lack leisure. But, just. Leisure: A person who is at leisure. Idle people: This refers to people who are not obsessed with fame and fortune but can leisurely enjoy the situation. Su Shi was demoted to the deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Huangzhou at this time. He was an official with duties but no power, so he was very leisurely and called himself an "idler". Er: modal particle, equivalent to "just" meaning "that's all".
Edit the structure of this paragraph
The first part (the first natural paragraph): The origin and time of the night tour. I was moved by the beautiful moonlight, so I started the night tour. meaning. Part Two (Second Natural Section): Use metaphors to describe the moonlight in the courtyard. Part Three (Third Natural Paragraph): Two rhetorical questions are thought-provoking. The author expresses his feelings when facing the moonlight.
Edit this paragraph to organize ancient texts
One word has multiple meanings
Sui: Then we went to Chengtian Temple. (Therefore) The general will move in to attack the rear. (Drilling holes) "Wolf" Cover: cover with bamboo and cypress shadows. (Original) The wolf pretended to be asleep before enlightenment to lure the enemy. (It turned out to be) "Wolf" Dan: But there are few idle people like the two of us. (Only) But touch the ruler in the barrier. (Only) "Bloody Skills" Looking for: Looking for Zhang Huaimin. (Searching) failed, and the search for illness ended. (Soon) "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring"
Different meanings in ancient and modern times
But there are few idle people like me and I. But there are two people: ancient meaning: just; modern meaning: but, a conjunction that expresses a transitional relationship Er: Ancient meaning: auxiliary word, indicating a restrictive tone, equivalent to "just" and "nothing"; modern meaning: noun, ear. Idle person: Ancient meaning: a person who is not obsessed with fame and fortune but can calmly stay in the situation; today's meaning is a person who has nothing to do with things. The moonlight enters the house: Ancient meaning: refers to the door; modern meaning: a window, a person who thinks of nothingness and enjoys it. Nian: Ancient meaning: think; modern meaning: commemoration, longing, reading
Using parts of speech
Step: noun as verb, walking. Example: Walking together in the atrium.
Inverted sentence
Walking together in the atrium: walking together in the yard. (Adverbial postposition) But there are few idle people like the two of us: It’s just that there are few people who are as idle as the two of us. (attributive postposition)
Omitted sentence
Undressing to sleep: (I) take off my clothes to get ready for bed. (Subject omitted)
Special sentences
Topic sentence Where is the moonless night? Where is the bamboo forest? But there are few idle people like the two of us. It expresses the author's loneliness and desolation, his mood of no refuge, his depression of unsuccessful career, as well as his open-minded outlook on life.
Edit this paragraph of thoughts and feelings
The feelings expressed in "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple" are subtle and complex, including the sadness of being relegated, the emotion of life, the joy of admiring the moon, and walking Leisure is included. When the author was "undressing and about to sleep", "the moonlight entered the house", so he "happily set off". The moonlight was rare, which made people happy. But there was no one to enjoy the moon with my wife, so I had to look for Zhang Huaimin who was also demoted. There was so much sadness in being demoted and emotion about life! The two of them strolled in the atrium, leisurely. Compared with "idle people", all meanings are contained in it.
Edit this paragraph to appreciate the classical Chinese text
Appreciation
After reading it, savor it carefully, and it seems that there is gurgling water flowing through the pebbles in front of you, and a fresh tune pops up, giving you Man enjoys infinite beauty. After regaining consciousness and pondering for a long time, I gradually realized. The "beauty" here first comes from the "truth" of the content. The east moon shines brightly, which inspired the author's interest in traveling. He thought that it would be a fly in the ointment if he didn't have a "fun person", so he looked for a companion. At this time, the illusion was interesting and the emotions were touched, so he wrote down this scene and feeling. It was logical and everything was so harmonious and natural. , no sense of artificiality. This "beauty" comes from the "purity" of language. The notes are like talking about everyday things, and they are recounted in a leisurely manner. Although there is nothing strange about it, no words can be added, deleted or changed. Pointing out the date is a must for travel notes in notebook style. "Moonlight enters the house" and "departure happily" are cause and effect. A few numbers are so concise! When describing the scenery under the courtyard, the word "empty" is used, with no branches or vines, reflecting an ethereal and magnanimous artistic conception. It is very appropriate to compare the shadows of bamboo and cypress to algae in the water, and the word "cross" expresses it more accurately. The algae seems to be within reach. Then, the author's writing style suddenly changed and he asked two questions in a row, which was both friendly and natural, full of rhythm, expanded time and space, and aroused people's thoughts. This "beauty" comes from the "jing" at the end. Judging from the structure of the article, the concluding sentence belongs to "he", so let's stop there. From a semantic point of view, it is rich in meaning. The word "idle person" on the surface is a self-deprecating saying that he and Zhang Huaimin are idle people who only come out to admire the moon when they have nothing to do. In fact, they are proud of their actions - the moonlight is everywhere on the night, and there are people's There is beauty only when you appreciate it. Only the moonlit night here and now is the luckiest, because there are people with elegant tastes to appreciate it. Secondly, "idle man" contains the author's desolate mood of failure. The author has lofty political ambitions, but he has been demoted again and again. Deep down in his heart, why would he want to be an "idle man"? The complacency of an "idler" admiring the moon is nothing more than the masturbation of being demoted as an "idler". In short, the travel notes are based on true feelings, written in letters, starting from the beginning and ending at the end, just like flowing clouds and flowing water, showing skills in the absence of skills, achieving the concept of "one sentence is natural and eternally new, and luxury is revealed to be pure". realm.
Hierarchical appreciation
The full text is divided into three levels, the first level is narrative. The first sentence points out the time of the incident as "October 12th, the sixth year of Yuanfeng". It had been four years since Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou as the deputy history officer of the regiment due to the "Wutai Poetry Case". That night, the moonlight shone into his room. The author wanted to go to bed, but he was fascinated by the beautiful moonlight and suddenly became excited. However, he thought that there was no one to share the joy with him, so he set off to look for Zhang Huaimin in Chengtian Temple not far away. Zhang Huaimin, like Su Shi, was also a demoted official who was demoted to Huangzhou. His friendship with Su Shi was quite close. That night, Zhang Huaimin was still awake, so the two of them went for a walk in the middle of the yard. This layer of narrative is simple, indifferent and naturally smooth. (Night Tour to Seek Friends) Scenery description on the second floor. The author cherishes ink like gold and uses only eighteen characters to create a quiet and charming night scene with clear moonlight and mottled bamboo shadows. Readers can use their imagination: the moonlight is clear and shining in the courtyard, and the clear and white expanse looks like an empty pool of accumulated water. What's even better is that there are water plants floating and wandering in the "water", so it suddenly feels like a fairyland. Average. The brilliance of the author lies in the use of bamboo, cypress shadows and moonlight to set off, compare and metaphor each other with precise and novel techniques, which appropriately renders the beauty and solemnity of the scenery. It also reflects the cool and clear characteristics of moonlight. It brings out the author's leisurely state of mind (night in the courtyard). The third level turns to discussion. The author laments that there is no moon on any night, and no bamboo or cypress anywhere. However, except for him and Zhang Huaimin, there are probably not many people who have the leisure and elegance to appreciate this scenery. The highlight of the whole article is the two "idle people" Su Shi was relegated to Huangzhou and was "not allowed to sign official documents". He only served as an official in name only, which was far from the Confucian ideal of "managing the world and benefiting the people", which is the superficial meaning of the so-called "idle man", which euphemistically means It reflects Su Shi's depression after being frustrated in his official career; from another point of view, the moonlight is so beautiful and the bamboo shadow is so beautiful, but people can't recognize it, but these two people are the only ones who are lucky enough to appreciate it, isn't it a blessing? Su Shi's thoughts span the three schools of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, which makes his attitude towards life extremely tolerant. It can be said that he is unfazed by favors and disgrace, and can advance and retreat freely.
Of course, his chapter in adversity better reflects his personality! (Lyricism under the moon)
Writing skills
1. Metaphors and expressiveness: The courtyard is like a pool of water, empty and clear, with algae and waterlilies intertwined in the water, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows. 2. Front\side view Combining description with description: What night has no moon? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? But there are few idle people like me and my ears. 3. Capture the feeling of the moment: The courtyard is like a pool of water, empty and clear, with algae and lilies intertwined in the water, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows Ye. 4. Combination of virtuality and reality (motion and stillness): Comparing bamboo and cypress (solidity and stillness) to waterweeds (virtuality and motion)
Detailed appreciation
"The moonlight enters "Household": It was a lonely cold night, "I undressed and wanted to sleep." At this moment, the moonlight quietly entered the door. The word "entering the house" personifies the moonlight. Moonlight seemed to understand the loneliness of the immigrant and took the initiative to keep him company. "Getting up happily": This is the author's reaction; he wrote that his sleepiness disappeared, he stood up in his clothes, and when he saw the moonlight, it was like seeing a long-lost close friend, and he welcomed him happily. As a "sinner" who was demoted by the imperial court, we can imagine his situation of being cut off from all contacts and left in the cold. Only Moonlight showed no snobbery and still came to visit him in the lonely cold night. Four words express the author's joy and excitement. "Those who thought of nothing and found joy went to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin": The author and Zhang Huaimin were both demoted, so the author thought of Zhang Huaimin. "Huai Min has not gone to bed yet, walking with each other in the atrium.": The author and Zhang Huai Min have a close connection and a deep friendship. "What night is without the moon? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? But there are few idle people like me and my ears." - It contains the author's desolate feeling of the ups and downs of his career and the philosophy of life he has learned from it, and he has gained something in the pain. comfort. The last sentence has at least two meanings: one is for those villains who pursue fame and fortune, follow the trend, run around and work hard, and are trapped in the vast world of officialdom and find it difficult to extricate themselves. How can they ever have time to appreciate this fairyland of pure and cold moon? Second, it expresses the author's leisurely and comfortable state of mind. Of course, it also reveals his complaint that he cannot be loyal to the court. "Under the courtyard, it is as if there is accumulated water, and the sky is clear, with algae and waterlilies crisscrossing it, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows."
Detailed analysis
Crossing each other, they are covered with bamboo and cypress shadows." "The accumulated water is empty and bright" describes the clarity and transparency of the moonlight, and "the algae and cypresses are intertwined" describe the elegance and elegance of the reflection of bamboo and cypress. The former gives people a sense of tranquility like a pool of spring water, while the latter has the dynamic beauty of swaying water plants. The whole artistic conception is still and moving, and the stillness becomes more and more visible in the movement. One is written in the front and the other is written on one side, thereby creating a pure and pure image. The transparent world also reflects the author's upright and worldly mind. The author uses highly condensed pen and ink to create a wonderful realm of clarity, swaying shadows, and reality.
The author's state of mind
The joy of admiring the moon, the leisurely stroll, the desolation of belittlement, the emotion of life, the magnanimity of self-disposal of frustrated feelings! ——Sentences in this article that reflect the friendship between the two people: Those who wanted nothing to do with happiness went to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin (only Zhang Huaimin could have fun with him); Huaimin did not sleep (the two experienced the same experience and were in the same mood); Walking in the atrium (the two are intimate); but there are few people like me and my ears (the two of them have experienced the same experience, have the same mood, and have the same interests, and are truly like-minded friends). "Algae and waterlilies intersect in the water" illustrates the thick, clear and bright moonlight at that time. Idle people: People who are not obsessed with fame and wealth but can leisurely linger in the situation (here refers to Su Shi himself and Zhang Huaimin), are not simple idle people
Features of the article
1. Metaphor, illusion, Lenovo 2. The combination of movement and stillness shows that he is like the author's confidant
Edit this paragraph to be selected into Chinese textbooks
This article has been selected into: People's Education Edition Chinese textbook for eighth grade, Lesson 27, revised version of Chinese textbook for eighth grade, Jiangsu Education Edition, Chinese textbook for eighth grade, Lesson 17, Shanghai Second Curriculum Reform Textbook, Ninth Grade Chinese Textbook, Lujiao Edition, Chinese Textbook for Seventh Grade, Second Volume Lesson 27 Beijing Curriculum Revised Textbook for Eighth Grade Lower Chinese Textbook Lesson 28 Jilin Changchun Edition Textbook Eighth Grade Lower Chinese Textbook Lesson 18 Chinese Version Eighth Grade Upper Chinese Textbook Lesson 22
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Su Shi (1037～1101), a famous writer and calligrapher in the Song Dynasty. One of the eight masters of prose in the Tang and Song Dynasties, he was given the courtesy name Zizhan and Hezhong, and was nicknamed "Dongpo Jushi". He died at the age of 66. In the 6th year of Qiantong reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, he was given the posthumous title of "Wenzhong" as a posthumous title. A native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Su Shi, his younger brother Su Zhe (1039-1112) and his father Su Xun (1009-1066) are collectively known as "Sansu"; together with the "Three Cao father and son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi) in the late Han Dynasty , Cao Zhi) are equally famous. "Three Su" refers to the Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties, which is the collective name of the eight representative prose writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Che in the Song Dynasty (Su Xun is Su Shi. Su Che's father) , Su Shi is Su Che's elder brother), Wang Anshi, and Zeng Gong. (Divided into two schools of Tang Dynasty and six schools of Song Dynasty), their works include "Dongpo Seven Collections", "Dongpo Yuefu", etc. This article is selected from "Dongpo Zhilin". Politically, it belongs to the old party led by Sima Guang. When Yuanyou changed, Su Dongpo believed that the new law was not completely unrealistic, so he opposed its complete repeal. During the time of Shaosheng Shaosu, Su Shi was demoted again and again, and finally reached the current Hainan Province.
Su Shi's frustration was closely related to his political choices. He is knowledgeable and versatile, and has high attainments in calligraphy, painting, poetry, and prose. His calligraphy, together with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu, is known as the "Four Calligraphers of the Song Dynasty"; he is good at painting bamboo, wood and strange rocks, and he is also outstanding in painting theory and calligraphy theory. He was the literary leader after Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty. His outstanding prose works marked the successful end of the ancient prose movement that started in the Western Wei Dynasty and passed through the Tang and Song Dynasties. His prose is as famous as Ouyang Xiu, collectively known as "Ou Su"; his poetry is as famous as Huang Tingjian, collectively known as "Ou Su". "Su Huang"; his poems are majestic and bold in style, changing the elegance of his poems. Together with Xin Qiji of the Southern Song Dynasty, he is called "Su Xin", and he is regarded as a poet of the bold school. Su Shi's "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple" is selected from Volume 1 of "Dongpo Zhilin". Su Shi's famous poems include "Jiangchengzi Hunting in Mizhou", "Ding Fengbo" and so on. Su Shi was the fifth son of his father Su Xun. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he and his younger brother Su Zhe were promoted to Jinshi. He was awarded the title of Dali judge and signed a letter to the judge of Fengxiang Mansion. In the second year of Xining (1069), when his father's mourning period expired, he returned to the court and sued the court for the magistrate. He had political disagreements with Wang Anshi and opposed the implementation of the new law. He asked for a foreign appointment and became the general judge of Hangzhou. He moved to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong) and then to Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he suffered the "Wutai Poetry Case" and was responsible for being appointed deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province). He was placed in the state and was not allowed to sign official documents. Zhe Zongli, Empress Dowager Gao came to the court, and was restored to the imperial court of Fenglang Zhidengzhou (today's Penglai, Shandong); four months later, he moved to be a doctor of the Ministry of Rites; within ten days of his appointment, in addition to the living room staff, he moved to the middle school room, and then moved to the middle school room. Hanlin scholars know how to make imperial edicts and pay tribute to the Ministry of Rites. In the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), he went to know Hangzhou, and later changed his knowledge to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), Zhezong of the Song Dynasty took charge of the pro-government and was demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and then to Danzhou (now Danxian County, Hainan). Huizong ascended the throne and returned to the north after being pardoned. He died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu Province) in 1101, the first year of Jianzhong's reign, at the age of sixty-six, and was buried in Jiacheng County, Ruzhou (now Jiaxian County, Henan Province).
Edit the writing background of this paragraph
Su Shi's "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple" is selected from Volume 1 of "Dongpo Zhilin". Su Shi's famous poems include "Jiangchengzi Hunting in Mizhou", "Ding Fengbo" and so on. Su Shi was the fifth son of his father Su Xun. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he and his younger brother Su Zhe were promoted to Jinshi. He was awarded the title of Dali judge and signed a letter to the judge of Fengxiang Mansion. In the second year of Xining (1069), when his father's mourning period expired, he returned to the court and sued the court for the magistrate. He had political disagreements with Wang Anshi and opposed the implementation of the new law. He asked for a foreign appointment and became the general judge of Hangzhou. He moved to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong) and then to Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he suffered the "Wutai Poetry Case" and was responsible for being appointed deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province). He was placed in the state and was not allowed to sign official documents. Zhe Zongli, Empress Dowager Gao came to the court, and was restored to the imperial court of Fenglang Zhidengzhou (today's Penglai, Shandong); four months later, he moved to be a doctor of the Ministry of Rites; within ten days of his appointment, in addition to the living room staff, he moved to the middle school room, and then moved to the middle school room. Hanlin scholars know how to make imperial edicts and pay tribute to the Ministry of Rites. In the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), he went to know Hangzhou, and later changed his knowledge to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), Zhezong of the Song Dynasty took charge of the pro-government and was demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and then to Danzhou (now Danxian County, Hainan). Huizong ascended the throne and returned to the north after being pardoned. He died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu Province) in 1101, the first year of Jianzhong's reign, at the age of sixty-six, and was buried in Jiacheng County, Ruzhou (now Jiaxian County, Henan Province). This article was written in the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), the sixth year of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. At that time, the author had been demoted to Huangzhou for four years. In July of the second year of Yuanfeng, there was the famous "Wutai Poetry Case" in history. The censor Li Ding and others excerpted Su Shi's poems about the new law and said that he had slandered him with his poems. In August, he was arrested and imprisoned. After a long period of interrogation and torture, he was almost killed. In December, the author was released from prison and was demoted to Huangzhou as the deputy envoy of Tuanlian, but he was not allowed to "sign official documents", which meant that he was an idle official with duties but no power. Under such circumstances, the author wrote this short article, which gave a wonderful description of the scenery on a moonlit night and truly recorded a fragment of his life at that time. It also reflects the deep friendship between the two of them and the infinite emotion of having few close friends.
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Talk about Su Shi's "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple"
(Huo Songlin) Su Shi himself commented on his literary creation, there is a paragraph The words are very insightful: My writings are like thousands of dendrobium springs, they can come out in any place. On the flat ground, the torrential waves are rolling, and it is easy to travel thousands of miles in a day. It twists and turns with the mountains and rocks, giving shape to things and cannot be known. What can be known is that you always do what you should do, and you always stop at the point where you can't stop. That's all! I can't know the other things. ("Wen Shuo") This passage can be supplemented by another passage of his: "In the past, those who were writers could not work for it, but had to work for it. There are clouds, mist, grass and trees in the mountains and rivers. It is full of flowers and fruits, and is seen on the outside. Even if you have no desire, how can you get it?" ("Preface to the Collection of Jiang Xing Sing He") The most important point here is: Wen is "full of flowers and flowers" on the inside. Something that has to be expressed externally. If you have "a fountain of thousands of dendrobiums" in your chest, you can "get out of anything no matter where you choose"; if you have nothing in your chest, you won't be able to write good articles just by relying on skills. Su Shi is indeed a great writer with "the source of thousands of dendrobiums" in his chest. As far as his prose creation is concerned, the "fountain of ten thousand dendrobiums" overflows into political and historical treatises, rolling over the waves, and the vast ocean; overflows into travel notes, letters, prefaces and postscripts and other essays, swirling and stirring, and the smoke and waves are colorful. The article "Remembering a Night Tour of Chengtian Temple" has only 85 words, which flow naturally from my heart. "Do what you should do" and "stop when you must stop". There is no way to divide it into paragraphs. But it's not DC "on flat ground".
There are only a few dozen words. If "on the flat ground" flows straight, and there is no trace left, what charm will it have? If you read this article carefully, you will find that although it is naturally popular, it is "twisting with the mountains and rocks" and has distinct layers. "The night of October 12th, the sixth year of Yuanfeng." This is like writing a diary. You write down the year, month and day honestly, and then write the word "night". Next, you should write what you did during the "night". What to do? "Undress and sleep", there is nothing to do. But when he was "undressing" and saw "the moonlight entering the house", he felt that there was something to do, so he "happily set off". What to do? Looking for "fun". If a person "works" for a while but is not very "happy", it would be nice to have someone else; suddenly he thinks of a person who can be "happy" and goes to find him. These thoughts and actions are expressed in the words "Those who think of nothingness and find joy then go to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin." Whether he has found Zhang Huaimin, what he said after he found him, what kind of "fun" he asked him to have, and whether he agreed, these are all things that most people have to write about. However, the author only wrote these two sentences: "Huaimin has not yet slept, and we are walking together in the courtyard." Then he describes the scene: The courtyard below is like accumulated water, empty and clear, with algae and waterlilies intertwined in the water, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows. When "walking in the atrium", my eyes were attracted by the moonlight in the courtyard, which caused an illusion: "the accumulated water is empty and clear", and the sky is so clear that I can clearly see the various water plants that are intertwined horizontally. Why are there aquatic plants such as algae and water plants in the yard? When I looked up, I saw bamboo and cypress, and at the same time I saw the bright moon in the blue sky. Then I realized: it turned out that it was not "algae" and "liquid", but the shadows of "bamboo" and "cypress" reflected by the moonlight! "Moonlight" The metaphor of "like water" is commonly used, but how to use it varies from person to person. It cannot be said that the author did not use this metaphor, but his usage is very different from ordinary people, and the artistic effect produced is also very different. Literary thought is like a torrential stream, "zigging with the mountains and rocks", and it is time to "stop where it cannot stop". "Stop" at what? When you see "the moonlight enters your house" and you "start out happily", you should stop at the moon; when you see "algae and water plants crossing each other", it turns out to be "the shadow of bamboo and cypress", you should stop at the "bamboo and cypress"; who appreciates the moon? Who sees bamboo and cypress? It's him and Zhang Huaimin, it should stop with him and Zhang Huaimin. So I summarized it all, wrote the following sentences, and then stopped leisurely: What night has no moon? Where are there no bamboos or cypresses? But there are few idle people like the two of us. A few strokes captured a fragment of life. The narrative is simple and clear, and the description of the scene is like a painting, and the lyricism is contained in the narrative and the description of the scene. Narrative, scene description, and lyricism all focus on writing about people; writing about people also highlights one point: "leisure". When entering "night", one "undresses and wants to sleep", "free"; when one sees "the moonlight enters the house", one "gets up happily", "free"; and "walks in the courtyard" with Zhang Huaimin, even seeing the "shadows of bamboo and cypress" They were so careful and clear, both of them were very "free". "What night is without the moon? Where is there no bamboo and cypress?" But on a winter night, there are only "me and me" who go out to admire the moon and see the bamboo and cypress, because others are busy people and "I and I" are "idle people". The "idle person" at the end is the finishing touch, contrasting the "idleness" of "the two of us" with the lack of "idleness" of others. Only when you are "free" can you "walk at night" and enjoy the beautiful scenery of the moonlit night. After reading the full text, the figures, moods and scenery of the two "idlers" are all vividly visible. (Selected from "Reading and Appreciation", Beijing Press 1987 edition, abridged)
The words are only small but the meaning is large
——Reading an essay by Su Shi (Wu Gongzheng) ) The key to this article being able to be written with rich words is that the author grasped the characteristics and then expressed them in carefully refined language. "On the night of October 12th, the sixth year of Yuanfeng", the word "night" in "night tour" is stuck at the beginning of the writing, and goes straight into the title. "I'm about to undress and fall asleep when the moonlight comes into my house." The author is about to fall asleep when he suddenly sees the cool moonlight peeking through the window. In this way, the "night" mentioned earlier is embodied. More importantly, it points out that the characteristic of "night" is the melting moonlight, rather than the dark moon and high wind. The author grasps this characteristic and spreads the text. "The moonlight entered the house", such a good night and such moonlight activated the author's emotions, so he "set off happily". The reason for this action came from the night scene of "moonlight entering the house". "Those who thought of nothing and were happy went to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin. Huaimin was still awake and walked with him in the atrium." Here, the location of the night tour, the people traveling with him, etc. are explained. Words such as "to", "find" and "step" are concise and concise, explaining the coherent process clearly. "To Chengtian Temple" is another topic, but the journey to Chengtian Temple is not mentioned because it has nothing to do with the theme. What was the scene of "looking for Zhang Huaimin"? Since it is not related to the theme, it is left out of this article. In this way, the people and things that must be explained for "travel notes" are only expressed in the simplest and most economical language, and the rest will not be added. In particular, the description of the night tour is even more distinctive: the courtyard looks like accumulated water, empty and clear, with algae and waterlilies interlaced in the water, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows. "The accumulated water is empty and bright", a pool of accumulated water is clear and transparent. First, the water color is written, and then the various things in the water: "algae and waterlilies are crisscrossed", crisscrossing and swaying. After writing about the scenes in the courtyard, this sentence jumped out: "It is covered with bamboo and cypress shadows." The meaning of the text suddenly changed, and the wording was surprising and winning. The author first wrote about the accumulation of water in the courtyard and the algae in the water, all in order to describe the projection of bamboo and cypress. He used a visual illusion to apply ink from the reverse side to form the waves and rhythm of the text. The reason why the bamboo and cypress can be projected into the courtyard without the artist using a single stroke of ink is because of the skill and subtlety of his use of ink. There is no word "month" in the whole sentence, and there is no word "moon" in it. When the moonlight shines, the pool of water under the courtyard is empty and clear, which can be inferred that the moonlight is bright; "algae and waterlilies are interspersed in the water", which can be inferred that the moonlight is clear.
The moonlight shines through the bamboo leaves and cypress branches and projects onto the ground, creating such a wonderful scene. The clear water and algae are intertwined, complementing each other, and adding to the beauty of a moonlit night tour. Su Shi used the word "moon" everywhere in this article to write about night tours. This is one of its characteristics. When he writes about the moon, it is not like Zhang Ruoxu's "Moonlight Night on the Spring River" written by Zhang Ruoxu in the early Tang Dynasty. This is the second feature. When Su Shi wrote about the moonlight night scene, he did not write it in plain sight, but in secret. He ingeniously started with the shadows of bamboo and cypress, making it appear that the moonlight was clear and empty. This is the third characteristic. Because the characteristics are captured, the entire description becomes concise and expressive. Literary works contain the author's thoughts and feelings. It is not enough to just describe scenes and narrate, the author's thoughts and emotions must also be expressed, so that the work will have endless aftertaste. Here, on the one hand, the objective content summarized by the words must be rich; on the other hand, the subjective content expressed, that is, the author's thoughts and emotions must be profound. Su Shi's prose also provides an example. This article is about scenery, but there is emotion in the scenery. When the author sees "the moonlight entering his house", he "sets off happily", and his joy is beyond words. "Thinking about nothing and being happy" is a psychological activity that contains regrets about having few close friends and a slight sigh, which makes the emotions slightly turbulent. After a turning point, the author suddenly remembered Zhang Huaimin. "Sui" seems to be without thinking, but it slightly reveals the feeling that only Zhang Huaimin is a close friend who appreciates the moon. The word "Xun" clearly shows the eagerness to visit friends. The word "Yi" in "Huai Min also did not go to bed" shows the joy of "having a clear understanding of the heart" and knowing each other with similar interests. Under the pouring moonlight, the two "walked side by side in the atrium", roaming leisurely, and their comfortable moods were placed in the brisk rhythm of this synchronization. From "thinking about nothing and being happy" to "walking together in the atrium", the author's thoughts have gone through many twists and turns, and finally stabilized in a peaceful and tolerant state of mind. The author visited the temple with friends, wrote about the beautiful scenery on a moonlit night, and then unfolded the scene in front of him, including his life experience: "What night is without moon? Where are there no bamboos and cypresses? But there are few idle people like me and my ears." Su Shi was imprisoned for writing and was demoted to The deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian was almost exiled and in a melancholy mood. However, he still had an enterprising spirit, and his moonlit night visit to the temple was a specific act to relieve his depression. The soul damaged in the political whirlpool can only be restored in the cool moonlit night without any worries, and seek spiritual sustenance from the beauty of nature. There is no bright moon on any night, no bamboo branches and cypress shadows anywhere, but there are very few people "like the two of us." The vastness of time and space contrasts "the two of us" with the big and the small. It is not sentimental, but the feelings are self-evident, and the emotions are deeply stored in the words. And this kind of emotion has its specificity, manifested as broad-mindedness. The author is not wallowing in the abyss of emotion, but seeking relief. This broad-minded mood reflects Su Shi's ideological status during this period, and also makes this prose appear chic and elegant.
(Selected from "Collection of Appreciation of Ancient and Modern Masterpieces", Beijing Publishing House, 1989 edition)