Li Qingzhao
The small building is cold and the night curtain is low. Hate rustling, heartless wind and rain, rubbing Qiongji at night. Unlike, the imperial concubine is drunk, and unlike, Sun Shou is sad. Han Ling steals incense, Xu Niang gives fragrance, and Mojiang doesn't write novels. Take a closer look, Qu Ling, the charm is just right. When the breeze rises, the fragrance is clear and refreshing, and it is not reduced. Autumn is fading, the snow is clear and the jade is thin, which makes people feel infinite nostalgia. It seems to be sad, Gao Han is relieved, it seems to be tears and a poem. There is a cool breeze in the month, the smoke is dark and the rain is dark, and the heavenly religion is gaunt and graceful. I don't know how long I will stay from now on. Good human feelings, why remember more, Zepan Dongli.
This is a poem about chrysanthemums. Through a series of metaphors of historical figures, the author praised the nobility, self-restraint and unyielding pride of chrysanthemum, expressed infinite sympathy and love for the destruction of chrysanthemum, and also revealed the poet's contempt for vulgar reality and attitude towards life.
"The small building is cold and the night curtain is low". Autumn nights are cold and long, and I live in a small attic. In order to keep out the cold, I have to hang the curtains of doors and windows very low. This prologue is a general rendering of the atmosphere, and the word "cold" lays the general tone of the whole word, giving people a feeling of killing, and also plays a role in setting off and setting off the specific description of chrysanthemum below. "I hate rustling, relentless wind and rain, and I rub my muscles at night." When I wake up in the morning, the most irritating thing is the relentless cold rain at night, which destroys the good chrysanthemums and makes my face gaunt. On the surface, the word "hate" expresses the author's resentment at the bitter wind and rain in nature destroying chrysanthemums. In fact, she is also resentful of the misfortune brought to herself and the people by the relentless wind and rain in real life. Between the lines, it is the pain of the poet's home country.
"Don't like the imperial concubine drunk face, also don't like, Sun Shou frown. Han Ling steals incense, Xu Niang gives powder, and Mojiang is not a novel. " After a night of wind and rain, chrysanthemums look slimmer, not as gorgeous as drunken Yang Guifei, nor as coquetry as Sun Shou, who is good at frowning. It is light and elegant, and Han Shou, who steals incense, can't compare with Xu Niang, who is full of powder. Even if it is better, it will be swept away. Bai Juyi's romantic elegance is not only written here, but also the author's contempt for the secular world is implied. In that era of "broken mountains and rivers, venture capital sheep", there were thieves, spoilers and slaves. In the last sentence, is it self-evident that poets hate something? The above four people are really beautiful and can't be said to be beautiful. But why can't they compare with chrysanthemums? Because in her opinion, whether Yang Guifei or Sun Shou, or Han Shou or Xu Niang, they are all followers of * * *. Although they are beautiful, their souls are dirty and despised by the whole world. People like this, who are "beyond the golden jade, but among them", must not be compared with chrysanthemums. So, who is chrysanthemum compared with?
"Look closely, Qu Ling, the charm is just right." Look closely, only its elegance and tolerance are just like Qu Yuan and Tao Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums. All the above are from the opposite side, expressing the thoughts and feelings that the author hates. Here is a positive contrast, expressing the author's thoughts and feelings about love. Qu Yuan's sinking in Miluo showed his patriotic feelings. Tao Qian showed his noble personality by not bowing down for five buckets of rice. Chrysanthemum can only be "charming and decent" compared with people who like it. The above words, with allusions, praised the beauty of Baiju's posture, elegant manners and aloof personality. Poets praise chrysanthemums and praise chrysanthemums, but it is a metaphor for the loneliness and extraordinary height of chrysanthemums; She boasted Qutao and Qutao, and it was precisely because of Qutao's character that she agreed to each other. Singing chrysanthemums is actually the poet's own way.
Poets love chrysanthemums not only because they are elegant and beautiful, but also because they are fragrant and attractive. "Breeze, fragrance, no fat loss", this is a compliment to the fragrance of chrysanthemum. The breeze is blowing, and the fragrance is light and long, refreshing, even less than the long-lost reputation.
The above is the first paragraph of the poem, which describes the beauty and fragrance of chrysanthemum in detail and expresses the poet's love for chrysanthemum. The following film focuses on Bai Juyi's spirit, reflecting the poet's ruin and desolation.
"Autumn is fading, the snow is clear and the jade is thin, and people are infinitely reluctant." It's already late autumn, white as snow and thin as jade and silk, and chrysanthemum seems to be infatuated with people and reluctant to part with them. The phrase "Autumn is fading" not only points out the specific time, but also serves as a link between the preceding and the following, from the description of chrysanthemum appearance and expression to the description of chrysanthemum spirit. "The snow is clear and the jade is thin, and people are infinitely reluctant." The chrysanthemums written by poets actually have emotional communication with people, and the lovely chrysanthemums are so affectionate to people. The words "Qing" and "Bo" describe the expression characteristics of chrysanthemum in detail, which is really a stroke of genius.
"Like sadness, the release of Gao Han, like tears, and Wan Fan's poems." In other words, white chrysanthemums are like sad thoughts and tears. How like a fairy who doesn't eat fireworks at the foot of Gao Han Mountain, a lonely spot in Changxin Palace. Here, two allusions are used, which not only melt into the poet's feelings, but also arouse the reader's association. The words "sadness" and "tears" not only describe the shape of chrysanthemum destroyed by wind and rain, but also draw the expression of chrysanthemum. Isn't this look and expression the poet's self-portrait?
"Lang month breeze, dark rain, tianjiao gaunt that. I don't know how long I will stay. " If the first half of this word is the author's tortuous and euphemistic expression of his feelings, then these words are further written as personnel from flowers, directly expressing his angry feelings. Whether it's a windy night or a rainy, dark day, we can only spend a good time in hardship and sadness and let beauty grow old. Even if someone cherishes it, I don't know how long I can persist from now on. Here, the poet completely integrates the experience of flowers with the experience of people, making it difficult for readers to tell whether to write flowers or people. There are people in flowers and flowers in people. Bai Ju's experience is also the poet's own experience. These words echoed the first few words of the word from a distance, expressing the poet's infinite feelings and sadness about reality and his own experience. It seems that the description of chrysanthemum and weather is subtle, but in fact it is implicit, which not only reveals the poet's distress after suffering, but also hints at a broader social background for readers, reminding readers of the ending of chrysanthemum, the poet himself and the society at that time.
"There is no need to remember people better. Zepan Dongli. " People cherish chrysanthemums, so why reminisce about Qu Ping and Ling Tao? Therefore, the use of irony shows that the poet's sorrow is further deepened. Even if someone cherishes chrysanthemums, it is inevitable that they will eventually be destroyed by friction. What's more, human feelings are shallow and the world is cold. "Who can take it off now?" What is said is "why do you have to remember more", but it is actually "how can you not remember?" Here, the author once again highlights her nostalgia for Qu and Tao, indicating that she has not changed her life ideal and is willing to praise herself with the lofty virtues of Qu and Tao.
In addition to the rigorous structure and the blending of scenes, the outstanding feature of this word is that it uses allusions throughout. There are ten allusions in the whole word, six of which are named by people. The use of allusions is very appropriate and clear, so that readers who don't know allusions can understand the author's meaning, while readers who know allusions can further understand the profound meaning. Li Qingzhao once advocated the truth of ci in On Ci. The so-called "truth" is to use allusions. This word is the product of practicing this theory. Kuang Zhouyi said: "In Li Yian's" Dolly Singing a White Chrysanthemum ",the first paragraph used several characters such as Guifei, Sun Shou, Han Yi, Xu Niang, Qu Ping and Ling Tao. In the second paragraph, there are many literal words, such as snow jade, Gao Han's fan, long moon breeze, thick smoke and dark rain, but they are not too overlapping. Lai Youqing is popular. " (Zhu Hua Thorn) is a pertinent statement.
Another feature is implicit. Kuang Zhouyi said in "Hui Feng Hua Ci": "The implication is endless, and the key to words is. Implicit, meaning is not shallow, words are endless, every sentence has aftertaste, and the article is more profound. It is nothing more than sending a message. " This is the word dolly. Although chrysanthemum is sung throughout, it is never mentioned, but expressed by graceful songs such as "Qiong Ji" and "Snow Clear and Jade Thin", so that readers can try to figure it out and taste it themselves. The so-called "nothing is romantic" makes the whole article memorable and meaningful. Although this poem contains strong sentimental feelings, the poet does not express them directly, but expresses his feelings and feelings by lamenting the "clear" and "thin" residual chrysanthemum honed by the wind and rain overnight, which is profound and unique. It can be seen that the poet's handwriting is exquisite.