1. Let students know the importance of the beginning of the composition in practice through activities.
2. Master the writing method at the beginning of the composition in the activity.
3. Ask students to write attractive opening remarks.
Activity hypothesis
In the specific practice of collecting and sorting out, let students learn the method of collecting information, the method of special research and the method of writing at the beginning.
Activity arrangement
1. Let students know the importance of writing the beginning of the composition.
2. The teacher collects the beginning of students' usual compositions and analyzes the existing problems.
3. Students collect the beginning of the composition that they think is well written.
4. Compare the collected good beginning of composition with the beginning of your own composition, and find out the problems existing in the beginning of your own composition.
5. Find information and know how to write the beginning of a composition.
6. Practice in class and master the method of writing at the beginning.
7. Contact the multimedia classroom to show the results of practical activities.
8. Summarize the gains and losses of the activity.
The specific process of the activity
1. Let students realize the importance of writing a good composition from the beginning.
Gorky said: "The first sentence is the most difficult, just like the tune in music, it often takes a long time to find." Tolstoy attached great importance to the beginning of his works. At the beginning of War and Peace, he was quite satisfied after repeated revisions of 15 times. At the beginning of anna karenine, he used ten different ways to write it, and finally he decided. The ancients thought that the structure of the article should be "phoenix head, pig belly and leopard tail", which means that the beginning should be like the head of a phoenix, beautiful and graceful. As the saying goes, "A good beginning is half the battle." Students must have had this experience: a topic is always difficult to write, but once it is started, especially after a good start, it is always eloquent and interesting. The beginning of the article is the facade of the whole article. A beautiful shop can attract many customers; If the article starts well, it will attract more readers. Especially for the composition in the examination room, some people have counted that when marking the papers in the college entrance examination, the average time for the teacher to stay on a composition is only 29 seconds, which means that some composition teachers can't see it for 29 seconds. Without a good beginning in such a short time, how can the teacher read your composition carefully? With a good beginning, the article will be written more smoothly.
2. Multimedia shows the beginning of the composition that students usually write. (omitted)
3. Investigate students' performance when the class starts writing. Collect and organize as follows:
When I first started writing a composition, I didn't know the skills at the beginning.
Write the beginning of the composition casually according to the topic of the composition.
All I know is that we can use flashbacks.
Write with your head, without thinking.
Imitate the beginning of the model essay.
I just can't write the beginning of my composition.
4. Multimedia display of the exquisite compositions collected by the students begins: (* * * collected 50 articles, only 10 were selected here)
If she didn't walk in this secluded alley as usual that day, if she turned a blind eye to all the details in the alley that day, then ... ("legend of mir") Author: Xiong Xiong Grade 2 (4) Shao Changdong)
Childhood memories are like a forest full of flowers and plants, and the trees in the forest are flourishing. Sunlight falls from the cracks in the leaves and shines on the road, leaving shadows or spots.
I know that I can never ride into Tibet and let the hot smoke burn a happy flower shape from my shoulder. I don't know where the tent is. I can't tell which hill the smoke came from. I am small and heavy here, and I can't open my eyes because of the light in the snowy area.
(Random thoughts from The Second Day of Life (4) Niu Chuanxiao)
There are countless troubles in life: from birth to death, from bad job to bad job ... all kinds of people have their own views and ways to deal with them. And I admire Dumas the most. He only said flatly to the troubles: "Life is a rosary composed of countless small troubles, and people who know the value of life will finish this rosary with a smile." A few simple sentences tell the true meaning of life-laughing at troubles. (Excerpted from the Award-winning Composition of Laughing at Trouble) (5) Wang
I always thought bargaining was vulgar. Every time I buy something, I pretend to be rich and pay when I ask the price. Seeing the sly smiles of the vendors, I realized that I had been "slaughtered", but I still saved face and gritted my teeth.
(The First Bargaining, Volume 2, No.5, Guo Yanjun)
I have a small wish, that is, to see the sea. Mother said, "Go, son, there is no real sea on the picture." So, I finally realized the richness of the sea.
(The Sea, Volume 2, Volume 6) Zhao Hongjing)
It was late at night, and people who had worked all day fell asleep with sweet dreams. Outside the window, the dark blue night sky is inlaid with jewel-like stars, the bright moonlight is paved with silver plates by the moon, and the quiet courtyard melts in the cool moonlight. I couldn't help walking into that small yard.
(From Night in the Yard, Day 2 (6) Dai Lijun)
I have been away from my hometown for many years, and many things are in my memory, but the dragon boat race in my hometown has condensed my feelings for my hometown and is engraved in my memory.
(Excerpted from "Dragon Boat Race in My Hometown" (6) Fan Jun)
History is the footprint of human beings, recording ups and downs, and civilization is the symbol of social progress, shining with wisdom. China's Shenzhou, with a long civilization of 5,000 years, makes Chinese people proud, excited and excited.
(Excerpted from Wang Yang, the second day of Xin 'an Evening News (6))
In the morning, the sun shines on the earth, and several white clouds fly leisurely in the blue and high sky. I walked on the way to school, looking at all these beautiful scenery, but my heart was heavy. Everything seems to be covered with a layer of gray in my eyes. I'm thinking about what happened last night, which makes me regret it very much.
(From "I really regret it" the next day (6) Cui Xuan)
Friend, have you read Mao Zedong's Spring and Snow in the Garden? Aren't you intoxicated by the beautiful scenery in the words "dancing on the mountain and dancing on the silver snake, the original wax elephant"? Have you ever heard of the thunderous north wind? If you are a gentle and delicate southerner, you must long for the winter in the north. Please swim with my humble pen!
(Class 6, Grade 2, Ma)
In the face of failure and frustration, it is courage to laugh it off as optimism and self-confidence, and then rally; In the face of misunderstanding and hatred, laugh it off as calm and tolerant, and then remain true. This is a philosophy. (Excerpted from Ma's Laughter (6) Yao)
5. Compare the beginning of students' compositions written at ordinary times with the beginning of collected compositions, and analyze the problems existing in the beginning of students' compositions:
Can not summarize the content of the main body of the article.
I can't use any skills at the beginning of my composition.
Say something indirect that has nothing to do with the main content.
No literary talent, no charm.
The beginning is too long, resulting in a top-heavy situation.
Only one expression can be used, not rhetoric.
The content summarized at the beginning is too little to guide the full text.
6. Find information; Understand the common writing methods at the beginning of the composition, use multimedia to show it, and the teacher will analyze and explain it.
{1} directness: ordinary students always like to go around at the beginning and say irrelevant words, which not only wastes a lot of pen and ink, but also affects the expression effect. In fact, there are many excellent narratives, which generally go directly into the narrative of events. For example, Du De's "The Last Lesson" and Chekhov's "The Chameleon" are both simple and clear at the beginning, which brings readers into the scene of the story from the beginning and makes readers' thoughts fluctuate with the development of the story.
{2} Question and Answer: Enter the topic at the beginning of the article. Revealing the theme at the beginning and getting into the topic quickly will help guide readers to grasp the center of the article. Ye Shan, a student of Beijing No.12 Middle School, wrote an essay "My Father" at the beginning: "People have praised the great mother since ancient times, but I like my father better. Motherly love seems sunny, warm and meticulous. And fatherly love seems to be an endless ocean, vast and seemingly all-encompassing. " From this first paragraph, we know who the author wants to praise and what the content is. In Chinese textbooks, there are many articles that start like this. The beginning of eight kittens: "I don't like live cats or other cats, but there are some exceptions to the eight porcelain kittens in Jingdezhen at home." They met me at the Jiangxi Porcelain Exhibition, and I fell in love with it as soon as I saw the fresh and gratifying look. Stick to the theme, point out the origin of "eight kittens" and the author's feelings for kittens.
{3} Narrative: This method is used at the beginning of a narrative to explain the time, place, people and events. For example, the first paragraph of Mo Huaiqi's Walking: "We are walking in the field: me, my mother, my wife and son." A classmate wrote a composition about group participation in social practice activities, and explained at the beginning: "Today is our second group outing. Six classmates and I took to the streets against the wind early in the morning and went to the place to practice. " The people who participated in the activity were described in detail, which laid the groundwork for the later events and characters.
{4} Memories: Most of the articles written by junior high school students are about what they have experienced in their own lives. Therefore, it is vain to start with memories, which makes it easy for them to recall past scenes when writing, and also helps to introduce readers into stories. Bing Xin's Little Orange Lantern, Zhu Ziqing's Back, and Wei Wei's My Teacher all started with this. "Little Orange Lantern" begins with a short sentence: "This was more than ten years ago." Simple and practical. Students' compositions have the most such beginnings. For example, "Today, I went back to school by bus. Unexpectedly, an unpleasant thing happened on the bus. "
{5} Rendering: It is a description of the natural environment and social environment, which sets off the atmosphere for the following story and can also promote the story. This method is well used and easy to show the author's skill. Wang Yuanjian's "Seven Matches" tells the story of two soldiers surrounding the "Seven Matches" when the Red Army crossed the grassland on the Long March. The description of the harsh natural environment on the grassland at the beginning of the article plays an important role in the development of the story and the expression of the theme. The same is true of Peng Jingfeng's "Pear Blossom on the Post Road". The beginning shows that the mountain is high, steep, continuous and gloomy, which naturally makes readers feel that it is too dangerous to take the mountain road at night, so hurry to find a place to stay. Where can such a mountain road have a place to stay? This kind of paragraph not only attracts readers' attention, but also lays a good foundation for the emergence of "small hut", which is extremely beneficial to the theme.
{6} Quotations: "People's Public Servant" is a typical quotation: "People's life is limited, but serving the people is infinite. I want to devote my limited life to serving the people indefinitely. " Seeing this sentence, people will immediately think of Lei Feng, who explained his motto well with practice. This passage is also a high summary of his life. As far as this article is concerned, it is not only the focus, but also the center of the whole paper. Of course, quotation has different functions for different articles: quoting famous sayings and epigrams to point out the center; Or quote the language of the character to highlight the character; Or quote poems to arouse readers' singing; Or quote proverbs to explain things. In argumentative writing, the common method is to quote famous sayings to lead to the topic.
{7} Cut to the chase.
"Straight to the point" is a widely used starting method. It is widely used because it goes straight to the point from the beginning. In today's information age, time is precious, and people who read the article hope to understand what the article is written as soon as possible. If you beat around the bush from the beginning and blindly turn around the topic, then even if the content is good, it is difficult to arouse readers' interest in reading. For the composition in our examination room, the marking teacher bears a heavy task of marking. A "straight to the point" and "don't ramble" beginning will certainly win the favor of the marking teacher, make the marking staff leave an excellent impression on your composition, and thus help you achieve ideal results in the exam. The beginning of "straight to the point" is very common in our junior high school Chinese textbooks, so we can bow our heads. For example, "I haven't seen my father for more than two years, and what I can't forget most is his background." (Zhu Ziqing's "Back") The opening point is to set an ambush for the "back" below with deep fatherly love. "Poplar is really different. I praise poplars. " (Mao Dun's "Praise of Poplar") The first sentence at the beginning clarifies the object of praise-Poplar, and sets the emotional tone of the full text-praise. "In the vast sea, the wind is rolling with dark clouds. Between the dark clouds and the sea, Haiyan flies proudly like black lightning. " Gorky's "Haiyan" first explains the fighting environment of Haiyan's brave takeoff, and then shows the heroic fighting spirit of Haiyan's rapid takeoff from three aspects: color (black), shape (lightning) and spirit (arrogance). Many successful compositions begin with "straight to the point". Here are a few examples:
Seeing this topic, I couldn't help but burst into applause, which expressed my daughter's recognition and admiration for her mother. Two years ago, I would have booed my mother. (Composition MagazineNo. 10/999) This is the beginning of applause from Jiang, the first prize winner of the "Wenxin Cup" national middle school students' composition contest for teachers and students from 1999. This beginning comes straight to the point, and at the same time, I want to publicize first and then suppress it, but also ambush and pose suspense for the back.
My hometown is surrounded by mountains and reeds everywhere. Autumn has come, and the reed flowers are scrambling to open, hiding their hometown in a sea of flowers, which is very beautiful. (The same as the second prize Guo's "Luhua in Hometown")
In the spring when I was nine years old, my father bought a black buffalo. He said: "We have a lot of fields in our family, and it is impossible to do without a cow when farming is busy. When this cow grows up, use it to farm the land. " (The same as the second prize Ren Meijuan's "Becoming attached to cattle")
I can't forget her smiling face that encouraged me, her simple words that inspired me to make progress, and the green she once brought to my life. I can't forget her, my dearest friend (I can't forget her)
{8} Style "Setting off the Scenery"
When a painter draws the moon, if he only draws a single moon, it will be monotonous and even lack of expressiveness. If you hook a few clouds around the moon, the situation will be very different, and the moon will be particularly magical. This technique is "contrast". Composition also needs this technique. As a junior high school student, most of the exams are to write narrative compositions. A good style of "setting off the scenery" is conducive to setting up an emotional atmosphere for the description of characters and the narration of things. As a practical composition skill, there are many typical examples in junior middle school Chinese textbooks. For example:
"Mountain, what a big mountain! The undulating green hills come one after another, extending into the distance and disappearing into the confused twilight. " This is the beginning of the novel "Pear Blossom on the Post Road". The description of the mountain is the basis of the plot. On such a big mountain, dusk is approaching. For people traveling on the road, staying at night is really a difficult problem that must be solved. How anxious they should be! It can be seen that a series of plots such as guessing and praising the owner of the cabin have paved the way for the "setting off the scenery" style.
The time is eight o'clock in the evening. Although the sun has set, the summer heat has not subsided. There is no wind, and the old trees standing in the park are very quiet. So are the leaves. The outdoor labor theater is also very quiet. (Ye Junjian's "The Theatre") Use "silence" to set off the quiet atmosphere of people waiting for the performance to start. Not only that, but also compared with the tsunami scene when Mei Lanfang performed later, it showed artistic penetration and contrasted Mei Lanfang's superb performance skills.
"In the clean blue sky, a dark cloud sneaked in and the wind pushed it up the mountain. In Onobu, the crops in the terraced fields are like rolling waves in the green sea. " (Peak "Golden Hat")
Similarly, there are many articles that students have successfully started with the style of "setting off the scenery", such as:
"1February 28, 999, the sky began to rain heavily. The sparkling blisters on the ground burst round and round, crying the sudden death of a centenarian. The sound of blisters repeats an eternal name thousands of times: Bing Xin. " (For Fan Rui's Hundred Years of Bing Xin, see composition 10, 1999)
"My hair is wet and covered with mud. Tomb-Sweeping Day's unique rain continued to fall, falling silently from the distant horizon in the desolate Shan Ye. I trudged through the mud, looking for it, and let the rain fall on my head, face and body ... "(See also Paul Hu's Meet Tomb-Sweeping Day, Li Xiaoming and Mao Jianping's Golden List Composition Series and Writing Prose).
"On the evening of March 26th 18:55, the last sunset glow on the horizon has not faded, and the steel city on the weekend is still immersed in a lively and cheerful atmosphere. In Shili Steel City, trams, buses and taxis are constantly shuttling, and the ringing of bicycles, the whining of cars and the hawking of vendors rise and fall. Department stores and food stores, large and small, are bustling and very lively. Who knew it would be a bloody dusk? (For "Bloody Dusk-A Documentary of the" March 26th "Car Accident", please refer to He Song's "Golden List Composition Series" and "Notes Prose")
Of course, there are not only eight good opening techniques in writing, but if students master them skillfully and choose the appropriate opening techniques in combination with the topic, it will be of great benefit to improve the quality of writing. The ancients called the good beginning of the article "Feng Shou", and I believe that students can also write some beginnings that people regard as "Feng Shou".
7. The teacher selects several topic composition materials, and the students practice the beginning of the composition from different angles according to the above methods.
{1} Topic composition materials (omitted)
{2} Students practice collecting, sorting and commenting at the beginning of the composition. (omitted)
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Summary of this activity and thoughts on education and teaching
This activity lasted for four weeks. Although it was mainly held in Class 6, Grade 2, there were also students in Class 5 and Class 4, Grade 2. I want to thank them for their participation.
Judging from the course of the activity, many students are very happy.
Participate in such activities, in their own words: "This is much more interesting than the teacher blindly explaining how to write a composition." However, during the activity, we also found many problems. There are too few things in students' hands, and most of the collected materials are some things in Selected Compositions for Primary School Students, and the famous books are hardly involved. Under the new curriculum standard, this is a place worthy of our teacher's attention. The narrow range of students' activities, the lack of books or the lack of time for reading are all bottlenecks that restrict the improvement of students' writing level. So I made it clear at the end of the activity: don't look at the composition of primary school students, but look at the works of famous artists.
Judging from the effect of the activity, this activity basically achieved our activity goal. From the comparison between the beginning of the composition written by students before the activity and the beginning of the composition dictated by students after the activity, students can at least know that through such activities, some skills can be used to make the beginning of the composition beautiful. In particular, the study of the beginning of eight commonly used compositions has become a great change for students from unconscious writing to conscious writing. This is also the meaning of our activities.
Judging from the way of activities, this activity is still dominated by teachers. Especially in the collection and arrangement of data, students have no independent ideas and lack special research methods. The initiative is not ideal, and the collection of some materials needs the teacher's repeated urging to complete. This is mainly because they have never done such activities before and don't know how to participate. Therefore, in the next stage, it will take some time to train students in research methods, so that they can master the ideas and methods of activities, so that the activities can become students-oriented and teachers can play a guiding role.