Poetry should pay attention to the beauty of rhythm, rhyme and have a harmonious beat. The ancients said, "The rhyme in poetry is like a pillar of a building." It's not strong here, so I can see it. "(Shen Deqian's" Speaking Poems and Spitting Words ") illustrates the importance of rhyme.
Rhyme means using words with the same or similar vowels at the end of a line, which is also called "matching". For example:
The peak stands upright and fashionable, (t-ou, rhymes)
The Yellow River is a natural disaster, (sh-ou, rhyme)
The peaks on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are as red as fire.
This business can comfort and hate. (ch-ou, rhyming)
-Zhu De's "Out of the Taihang"
Orchids are in the valley,
Since no one knows. (sh-I, rhyming)
Just for the scent,
People are all over the mountain. (y-ü, rhyming)
-Chen Yi's "Winter Night, Orchid"
The vowels of "head, income and resentment" in the poem "Out of Taihang" are all European, belonging to "seeking oil", and the last word of these three poems rhymes. The vowel of the poem "Youlan" is I, and the vowel of "Yu" is U, I, U. The vowels are similar in pronunciation, belonging to "Yi Qi" and rhyming. Point out that the first word in a section or poem is called "rhyme" (or "rhyme"). After rhyming, the last word in the next line and the word "rhyme" belong to the same rhyme, meaning "rhyme" (or "coincidence", just like the wheel behind belongs to the rut rolled in front). "Out of Taihang" rhymes at the end of the first line, and "Youlan" rhymes at the end of the second line.
Poetry rhymes mainly in the following forms:
(1) rhymes. Some are also called "playing iron rhyme", that is, every sentence of the poem rhymes. For example:
The autumn wind is bleak and the weather is cool, (π)
The vegetation was shaken and exposed to frost. (sh—uɑnɡ)
Yan Gui Gu Nan Xiang's words, (X-I ɑ n)
It hurts to think of the monarch. (ch—ɑnɡ)
I miss my hometown.
Why did you send it after staying for a long time? (f—ɑnɡ)
A concubine is guarding her room alone. (f—ɑnɡ)
I dare not forget my concern for you.
I don't think my clothes are crying. (sh—ɑnɡ)
With the help of piano and strings, Qingshang was sent, (sh-nɡ)
Short songs cannot be long. (ch—ɑnɡ)
The bright moon shines on my bed.
Xing Han and Xi Liu are in Weiyang. (y—ɑnɡ)
Penny and Weaver looked at each other from a distance, (π)
Why restrict the river beam? (l—iɑnɡ)
-Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing *
Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing is the oldest seven-character metrical poem ever seen, and its rhyming feature is that every sentence rhymes. Every line of the poem is rhymed with "ɑnɡ", which is the "seven yang" of ancient poetry. This poem has always been praised by people, not only euphemistically, but also with beautiful rhyme and rhythm. A Qing Wang Fuzhi commented on this poem: "There is no difference between ancient and modern times." This rhyming form of sentence rhyme has fewer syllables between rhymes, which makes the rhyme more urgent and has a strong sense of music. But if we don't pay attention to the tone alternation between rhymes, it will give people a sense of monotony; In addition, the rhyme of each sentence increases the number of rhyming words, which cannot be said to not limit the expression of thoughts and feelings. Therefore, people don't have to rhyme when writing poems.
(2) Interlaced rhyme. Every other line of a sentence rhymes. Generally speaking, in the antithesis of a poem, this is called double betting instead of single betting, or it is not awkward. Interlacing rhymes with the first sentence. If it's four sentences, one, two and four rhymes. For example:
In the spring morning, I woke up easily.
Birds are singing everywhere around me. (n-I \u o)
But now I remember that night, that storm,
I wonder how many flowers have been broken. (shh-o)
-Meng Haoran's "Spring Dawn"
The rhymes of "Xiao", "Bird" and "Shao" in the first sentence, the second sentence and the fourth sentence.
And if the first sentence doesn't rhyme, the rhyme will be fixed from the second sentence. For example:
On the third day, instead of cooking for me,
Wash your hands and make bridal soup. (t—ɑnɡ)
I decided not to be my mother-in-law,
But my husband's sister should smell like Fiat. (ch—ɑnɡ)
-Wang Jian's Bride
Second, "soup" and "taste" rhyme.
Interlaced rhymes are more varied and more convenient to use than rhymes. Moreover, there are not many syllables between the rhyme feet, and the sense of rhythm is still very strong, so most ancient poems, modern poems and folk songs use this rhyme form.
Third, the two sentences rhyme. Every two sentences are a unit, such as one or two sentences with a rhyme and three or four sentences with a rhyme. For example:
There are few trees and stones on three sides, (sh-ι o)
Peasant families can't live. (l-io)
There is no cloud in the sky, and there is no drought underground, (h-ι n)
I can't live any longer. I'll plan another day. (Nanyin)
The sheep walked beside the first sheep, (π)
The * * * production party was established in northern Shaanxi. (d—ɑnɡ)
The leader's name is Liu Zhidan (D-ι n).
Raise the red flag for half a day. (sh—ɑnɡ)
The haystack was ignited by sparks.
When the red flag hits, all the poor people become red. (l-io)
Thousands of miles of thunder and lightning in Wan Li, (sh-ι n)
Northern Shaanxi is red for a long time. (t-Iūn)
A purple cow has its own crab, (L-ou).
Everyone has a revolutionary mind. (you)
……
-Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang in Li Ji.
In the above poems, every two sentences are a unit (only the fourth and third paragraphs are promised by Jiang). The order of rhyme in the poem is: far rhyme (ɑo rhyme), front rhyme (ɑn rhyme), Jiangyang rhyme (ɑnɡ rhyme, including three or four squares), far rhyme (ɑo rhyme), front rhyme (ɑn rhyme) and oil-seeking rhyme (ou rhyme).
(4) interval rhyme. This rhyming method rhymes every few lines, which is irregular. For example:
Maybe it is really a sea,
I am a burning spray; (h—u)
When I knew this was a sea of Wang Yang,
-I just found out:
I am a cracked sand. (shh-)
What about youth?
Stored in the vast sand waves,
Only Elaeagnus angustifolia
Pour out faint love words to me, (h-u ɑ)
-under this high Tianshan mountain. (x-I)
I am a grain of sand. (shh-)
If I can make up for the past,
I want to do two things at the same time.
Half of them are mixed in clay,
-Laying a soft seedbed;
Half of them are mixed into cement,
-condensed into the metal skeleton of the building. (j-I)
-Yang Mu's Han Hai-Writing for My Youth
The whole poem is divided into three sections, using the phrase "Fahua". The first section "sand" and "flower" are separated by two lines; The word "Hua" in the second section is separated from the word "Sha" in the last line of the first section by three lines, and there is no gap between "Xia" and "Hua". In the third section, "summer" and "sand" are separated by one line, and "Jia" and "summer" are separated by three lines. This kind of rhymes irregularly every few lines, and rhymes freely. As for how many lines rhyme well, it depends on the specific situation, which does not affect the expression and is also harmonious.
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