1. Falling flowers
are naturally the eternal cognitive objects and aesthetic objects of human beings. Natural forms are rich and colorful. Human beings have endless access to beauty. Mountains and rivers and plants "have temperament". Emotion meets these forms, so there are images. There are countless excellent poems in China's history. In this paper, I just want to extract one of them-a poem with the image of "falling flowers" to talk about it briefly.
Falling flowers are a natural phenomenon and natural law, but they are endowed with emotion and life in ancient Chinese poems. To sum up. The image of "fallen flowers" has several meanings.
A. First, the fallen flowers are described as natural scenery, which constitutes a beautiful artistic conception.
"Flowers are flying everywhere in the spring city" (Han Yi's Cold Food), which gives people the feeling that the spring breeze is warm and the sun is shining, and flowers of various colors are dancing in the wind, which is wonderful. You can imagine the beauty of spring and the childlike innocence of a boy.
B. First, in the face of falling flowers, you sigh and sigh: It's easy to die, and beauty is no longer there.
"Flowing water falls in the spring, and it's on earth." (Langtaosha by Li Yu) From this, you can see the hatred of the country's ruin and the feeling of helplessness.
"Flowers drift away, and water flows by itself. This is Lin Daiyu's funeral lyrics in A Dream of Red Mansions. The flowers have been buried, but who has been buried? It implies that one's fate is not as good as falling flowers, which has exhausted the continuous sorrow in one's heart.
C, there is another one that symbolizes the spirit of high spirits.
Yu Yue, a candidate who died in spring, re-examined in the Ritual Department during the light-year of Qing Dynasty. This sentence begins with the poem, which means that hope is on earth. It's better than grinding a stranger in the south to make dust. "(Wang Anshi's" Apricot Blossoms in the North ") The poet who lives in seclusion would rather be shattered in the struggle with the die-hards than compromise to go along with the flow.
2. Running water
A. Because of its soft and cold characteristics, water is often used to compare things like moonlight, which are tangible but difficult to grasp.
It reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal times from the side.
B, because the constant shearing and ceaseless of water coincides with the endless sorrow, poets often use water to describe their sorrow.
"but since water still flows, though we cut it with our swords and and sorrows return, though we drown them with wine" (a Farewell to Secretary Shuyun at the Xietiao Villa in Xuanzhou by Li Bai) expresses the poet's worries and sorrows caused by his strong feeling of irreconcilable contradiction between reality and ideal.
"How much sorrow can you have? It's like a river flowing eastward."? Li Yu's "Yu Mei Ren"), a poet who experienced the pain of national subjugation, tasted the bitterness of life. He used the "spring water of a river" to express his sorrow and hate, so that readers could see that his sorrow was like spring water in Wang Yang, and his feelings of sadness and indignation were beyond words.
3. "Scratching clothes" and "anvil sound" < They have enough time to miss their relatives who are far away from home. The monotonous and long sound of the anvil helps to get rid of foreign worries, and has a single-minded mind, which plays a role in condensing and strengthening the feelings of missing. For these reasons, the action of smashing clothes and the related sound of clearing the anvil have become one of the most common images under the theme of "thinking about women" in classical poetry:
"The whistling player is in charge of falling flowers, and smashing clothes at night to the bright moon." (Li Bai's ". Yan Jidao's "Youth Tour")
B, the state of smashing clothes under the moon and the sound of the wind sending the anvil not only reminds the wife of her injury, but also most easily touches the feelings of the wanderer, so the image of smashing clothes is also one of the traditional images of homesickness.
Du Fu's "Autumn Xing" is to express her thoughts about her hometown when she was wandering in Baidicheng:
Jade dew withered and hurt the maple forest. The clouds touch the ground.
Cong Ju's two flowers shed tears on another day, and the lonely boat is the heart of his hometown.
Cold clothes urge knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is in a hurry.
C, classical poetry expresses and shapes the image of the sound of smashing clothes and anvil. It not only infects and touches the homesick women and wanderers in the situation, but even ordinary poets often like to take this sound as their own. Li Yu's "The Troupe")
"The anvil is clear in autumn, and the lights are white and the hall is cold at night. No one will know this." (Lin Jingxi's "Night Meaning")
4. It is said that geese can pass books. Li Yu said in "Qing Ping Le", "There is no evidence for the news of geese". There is no news, leaving only a deeper disappointment.
In the ancient culture of China, the image of wild geese often extends to the corresponding images of "yan zhen", "preface to geese" and "flying in a wild goose". It emphasizes the significance of the group and * * * flying together.
"flying in a wild goose" means walking in parallel, such as the flying sequence of geese. The Book of Songs Zheng Feng? In Uncle Yu Tian, there is a poem "Two clothes on the boat, two birds flying in the wild".
"Foreword of geese" is the sequence of flying geese. Du Fu has a poem "Tianchi": "Foreword of startled geese in the autumn, Wan Li's swan." More useful "Foreword of geese" is used to describe brothers.
There is also "yan zhen". "Nine geese are in array, and the females are not alone." These poems all emphasize the relationship between geese and geese. The so-called "broken rainbow" is a lonely goose lost in the flock. Liu Yong's "Music Collection? The lyrics of midnight music include: "Tears are condensed, and the sound of the rainbow is broken for a long time." Zhang Jiuling said: "a lonely swan from the sea flies."
5. Du Fu
is also known as Du Yu, Zi Gui and Shu Bird. It is said that Du Yu, the king of Shu, was forced to give way to his courtiers and lived in seclusion in the mountains. Therefore, the cuckoo in ancient poetry is often a symbol of desolation and sadness, and poets often use it to express their feelings of homesickness and homesickness.
"When the flowers fall to the ground, they hear that the dragon crosses the five streams" (Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiaoyao to leave"), the poet expresses his feelings of parting and sadness in the bleak natural scenery through the sight.
"Twilight in Xiangjiang River" Worrying about killing pedestrians and returning to the boat "(Wu Rong's Jane Zhou surrendered to He Jing Zhaogong)
B. It is said that when cuckoo crows, deep red blood will flow out of her mouth, so cuckoo crying blood is often used to show the desolation of the environment.
" the bleeding cry of cuckoos, the whimpering of apes "(Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip)
" Zi Gui still cries blood in the middle of the night, and I don't believe that the east wind can't call it back "(Wang Ling Wen Tianxiang's Nian Nujiao)
C, there is also a metaphor for loyalty by cuckoo crying blood.
"From now on, I will leave Jiangnan Road and turn into a crow with blood" (Southern Song Dynasty? Wen Tianxiang's Jinling Post)
6. Partridges
a. Its cry is imitated by ordinary people as "You can't walk with your brother", which is very easy to evoke the association of a difficult journey and full of parting thoughts.
"The sunset is boundless and the grass is bright in autumn, and the partridges are far away from people" (.
The cries of B and Partridge can also be used to gently persuade people not to travel far, so as to express their feelings of missing.
"There are guests from the south of the Yangtze River in the seat, so don't sing partridges to the east wind" (Zheng Gu's "Singing at the Seats"), which borrows the so-called "guests from the south of the Yangtze River" Yan Jidao's "Linjiang Fairy"), the poet contrasts the sadness of "independence" with the musical scene of "Swallows flying in pairs, that is, seeing swallows flying in pairs, thinking that they are alone, and the beloved person is not around, the pain of loneliness arises spontaneously.
B, because swallows have the habit of being attached to their old nests, they have become classical poems to express current events and express personnel metabolism. It not only implies the prosperity of Wuyi Lane in the past, but also reveals the poet's infinite feelings in the face of the changes of the past and the present.
"The reed flowers everywhere are old with me, and the swallows in my old home fly beside me" (Southern Song Dynasty? Wen Tianxiang's "Golden Mausoleum")
8. Chilling
Lu Yun, a Jin native, wrote in "Chilling Ode? In preface, cicada is praised for its five virtues: it is a gift to have a cockroach on its head; Only drink dew, which is lofty; Don't eat grains, this is honest; It is frugal not to live in a nest; It is a credit to keep season according to the climate.
Cicada often becomes the carrier of poets' self-esteem, and Qiu Chan's life is at stake. After some autumn rains, cicadas will have a few intermittent moans. Therefore, cicadas have become synonymous with sadness.
"Cicada sings in the west, and guests in the south think deeply." (Tang? Luo Binwang's "Chanting the Cicada"), where "Westland" means "Autumn" and "Southern Crown" means "Prisoner", the poet is excited by the smell of cicadas, and uses the metaphor of cicadas to render his deep homesickness in prison.
"oh, this final broken indrawn breath, among the green indifferent trees!" (Li Shangyin's "Cicada"), the day will break and the cicadas will be gone. The metaphor of being a curtain for people, sending people away from the next place, is still fettered by the thin officials.
"It's cold and sad, and it's late for the long pavilion, and the shower is exhausted at the beginning." (Song? Liu Yong's "Yulinling" has not directly described the parting, and the feeling of "sadness and sorrow" has filled the readers' hearts, brewing an atmosphere that can touch the parting mood.
"The autumn wind is slightly cool, and the chilling sounds on my side." (Wang Biao for a White Horse by Cao Zhi.
9. Moon
A. In ancient poems. Sinking back again, I thought suddenly of home. "(Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night)
" he knows that the dews tonight will be frost, how much brighter the moonlight is at home!. "(Du Fu's remembering my brothers on a moonlight night)
" I wonder who Qiu Si will fall into tonight. "(Tang? Wang Jian's "15 nights full moon to Du Langzhong")
"the moon, grown full now over the sea, Tianya * * * at this time." (Tang? Zhang Jiuling's "looking at the moon and thinking of one far away")
"Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan, when will the bright moon shine on me?" (Wang Anshi's "Boating in Guazhou")
"It is expected that the heartbroken place will be broken every year, and the bright moon will be short and loose." (Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi")
B, the bright moon often contains the sadness of people on the border.
" Li Yi's "on hearing a flute at night from the wall of shouxiang") is full of sadness and resentment.
"The bright moon in the Qin Dynasty was closed in the Han Dynasty, but the people on the Long March were not returned." (Tang? Wang Changling's
C, sometimes the bright moon also contains the eternity of time and space.
"The ancients, if people are running water, look at the bright moon like this." (Li Bai's "Drinking asking for the moon") shows the plunder of life by time and the helplessness of life in front of time to the fullest.
D, because the moon is characterized by shining all over the world, The lack of the moon can be a metaphor for the separation of relatives and friends, and things are not satisfactory.
"People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of rain and shine." (Su Shi's "Water Tune Song Tou") This is the truth.
"Hating you is not a month, north and south things, north and south things, only inseparable. Hating you is like a month, and you will lose money when you are full, and you will lose money when you are full. Lv Benzhong's "Picking Mulberry Sons" refers to personnel by these two characteristics of the moon.
1. There are many images in classical poems of Ship
A and China to express the feeling of drifting, such as duckweed, flying canopy and lonely goose, and "Ship" is one of the most common images to express this feeling.
The ancients often said "Boat and Horse". When people are traveling and shopping in foreign lands, they are more likely to trigger infinite thoughts. Poems written on ships or poems written on ships have become a spectacular tribe.