When the Qing army entered the customs, Wen Li was in the capital, so he was detained by the Qing government and recommended as a cabinet official. In the third year of Shunzhi (AD 1646), he went to the south to bury his father. The following year, he fell ill on his way back to Beijing and died.
Wen Li's talent is extraordinary, and she enjoyed the title of poetry when she was young. He was closely related to Song and Ci, and jointly founded the School of Poetry and Ci. At the same time, he made friends with Xia, Zhou, and others because of their talents, and enjoyed singing poems all over the world. At that time, they were called "six sons", among which, Song, Song were the backbone of the school of poetry, and, was even more famous and was called "Chen Li" by people at that time. In the first year of Shunzhi, Gong Dingzi once recommended Wen Li in Shangshu, praising him for "Miao Wen's contemporaries, learning to catch up with the ancient Wen Li, unparalleled, and famous in Jiangzuo. It is really rare to remember Tianlu with a stone. " After carefully reading this episode of Postscript of Guo Zhai, I found that Gong Dingzi's words were not empty words. There are many rumors about high schools in Li Wencai. For example, according to legend, Dorset, Regent of the Qing Dynasty, wrote the book "To Shi Gebu", which was read at home and abroad. Many letters and letters in the early years of Shunzhi were written by Wen Li.
Wen Li, like other members of the Yun Jian School, basically accepted the retro thought of the "Seven Scholars" in the Ming Dynasty in poetry theory. In some of his poems, the traces of imitating predecessors are very serious. For example, there are as many as six volumes of Yuefu poems in his collection of poems. Generally speaking, he has not lost the habit of "seven sons".
After reading Wen Li's poems, Wu Qi, a poet in A Qing, once wrote seven verses: "Hu Jiange is full of resentment, but his broken poems are full of shame." Yu Xin's article is really clever, and it's pitiful for Jiangbei to see Jiangnan. "Wuqi compares Wen Li and Yu Xin in his poems and appreciates Wen Li's poetic style. Some people hold different views on whether Wen Li really has Yu Xin's "Spirit Cloud Sword Style" (Du Fu), which needs to be discussed. There is no need to say more here. However, judging from the tragic tone of this work, it is indeed similar to Yu Xin's poem after bowing to the enemy. The reason may be related to the life experiences of two people who are both in an enemy country (North Korea).
As a juren in the Ming Dynasty, Wen Li was called a foreigner by the Han people at that time as an official in the Qing court. From the perspective of his traditional Confucian education of "loyalty to the monarch and serving the country" and his own conscience, this betrayal and betrayal was an extremely heavy mental burden. Therefore, an important theme of his poetry creation is to express the melancholy in troubled times and the vulgar and honest sense of guilt. In his works, there are poems of self-reproach and self-reproach, a depressed and painful sense of guilt everywhere, and a feeling of nostalgia and nostalgia for his motherland everywhere. This is not only reflected in some poems that directly pour out their inner anguish and melancholy, such as travel thinking, disease shooting, every inner happiness and so on. And it is also revealed in some works that describe scenery and record current events, such as Taiping Yulan and Ganqiu. Therefore, it determines the sad and sad tone of Wen Li's poems.
"Punning Li Tianqu, halls. The city hasn't moved yet, but it will take a jade step to start over. Unforgettable homesickness, I have been taken in by the new king. ..... The pitching god hurt himself, and tears fell on Long Dan! On the way to the early dynasty, the author saw that the bustling markets on both sides of the road had not changed much compared with the old times (Ming Dynasty), and could not help but think of his own situation. He remembered that although he was deeply nurtured and reused by his old country, he was now disloyal and began to take refuge in different masters and eat the wealth of the new king. He couldn't help but feel dejected and shed tears of sadness. Every word hurts people, and every sentence regrets oneself, which makes people seem to witness the author's sigh and sigh. While feeling his literary talent, they are helpless.
"Remember my life, Aiko can't have it. It used to be a treasure on the table, but now it is a plum on the roadside. After the festival, why bother to be a gentleman! " The violent north wind blew down plum trees on the roadside. Such a small scene also makes the poet sigh alone, because it reminds the poet of his own destiny and evokes the poet's sense of depravity. One of the sentences, "Once the festival of fame is over, why shame a gentleman", vividly depicts the poet's painful mentality of regretting the past and shaming the world. Although people are angry at their dishonesty, they sympathize with themselves.
Loyalty and filial piety are the two pillars of China literati's spiritual world, and even their life standards. Being a man can be good or bad, but you can't lose loyalty and filial piety. After Wen Li joined the Qing government, his father died. Because the south still belonged to the Ming government at that time, he could not send his father's body back to Yuan Qiu. This situation reminds Wen Li of his clear instructions on "loyalty and filial piety" and deeply feels that he is an official of the Qing court and lives behind his father's back. Therefore, he once wrote a poem: "A gentleman has a clear training, and loyalty, filial piety and righteousness are paramount. It is said that without a father, the back is self-sufficient. I can't go back to Yuan Qiu when I miss my body. Stealing the world and returning to the soul. "
In the spring of March, at the invitation of friends, I went to enjoy flowers, drink wine and write poems. Drinking in the flowers, accompanied by friends, should have been the most enjoyable and refreshing thing. However, Wen Li's words about this beautiful moment are: "I have been crying since the funeral, and we will meet again in the spring breeze." "Who said that flowers don't look good?" Looking at flowers is a sad companion. If the country rises and falls, if the sea and the sky, the new flowers will still wither. Yan is "so melancholy", a poem that reveals helplessness in helplessness.
What's more, if the poet sees the most poetic and associative scenes, such as partridges flying south, he will be even more sad. It is human nature that the homeland is unforgettable and inseparable. It is hard to imagine the feeling and pain of things at that time if the country breaks down and dies because of its own reasons. If they haven't experienced it, I'm afraid it's hard to understand the pain and self-blame they have in their hearts. As Wen Li wrote in his poem: "Where is the motherland now? Gone with the wind, something went wrong. According to people, the horse is shackled, and the hometown dreams of cattle clothes. There are tears in the village, but no books are sent to the land machine. The partridge is really envious and flies south. " All the tears and pains flow out in this poem. At that time, Hong Guang's small court was located in the south of the Yangtze River, and the poet's hometown was also in the south. It goes without saying that this poem shows nostalgia for the motherland.
The natural scenery aroused the poet's deep yearning for his homeland, but what made the poet unbearable was that when he went to the Qing court to work for the new dynasty, his young friend Chen Zilong and others were fighting against the Qing dynasty to the death. Such news, comparing the two, makes the poet feel ashamed. He is ashamed not only of his past, but also of his friends and relatives. He didn't run for the revival of his old country with his close friends, but bowed down to work for the Qing court first, and could only be blessed and blessed by their efforts in the distance, silently confessing his sins.
The poem "Going to the East Gate to Send Chen" wrote: "The grass grows out of the East Gate. Introduction, tears for it. Jade and stone in the mountains, cranes and owls in the water. Being brothers with you, we all share the same responsibilities. What is the south wind? You are at the top of the mountain. The north wind was fierce and I sank to the bottom of the sea. Clouds roll in the mountains, and the sea can't lift mud. There are branches, fallen leaves and Qin. Make friends with stones, but don't know whether to float or sink. You serve your mother, and I mourn my father's bones for three years. You care about children with yellow mouths, and I am ashamed to be an adult. Wen Jun swore to heaven, I am ashamed, and I am willing to restore goodness and protect Nanshan; Wen Jun wailed, Yu Sheng didn't read, so he wanted to be good again and protect the north and the south. Sadness is sorrow, not attached to Qingyun. Die with Holley. Knowing that you have not endured each other, you know what you are thinking. " Such blood and tears have become poems, and countless sorrows, pains, regrets and hatred are intertwined.
The poet also attached a letter to the poem, which wrote: "Three years of wealth, a thousand years of change. Since he lost his virginity, those who dare not reply to his old friends know that this kind of righteousness is unique to gentlemen. However, when I miss you sideways, I feel very emotional. When I talk to my good friends, my tears flow like waves. I heard that an old friend, I have a lot of old stories, and I want to complain. It's hard to measure, so I like it and use it as a preface. Tears are near the heart of Sanquan. Read in the wind and rain, or you will be sad. My brother has decided to buy a boat to the south. Not far from holding hands. Your husband is very comforting. " Just a few words, but it makes people feel sad to read. The author's remorse can be seen everywhere in his works. One is jade, the other is stone; One is a crane, the other is an owl; One is the cloud flowing in the mountains, and the other is the mud sinking on the seabed; The poet's helplessness of self-pity, self-regret and self-anger at such a high and low point is so clear, as if the depressed face of a person addicted to grief and pain is in front of our eyes. Shake our hearts.
Emotion in poetry and prose is Wen Li's strong point, and these works are also the best works after Zhai Zhai.
Wen Li is outstanding in literature. In art, Seven Ancient Stories can best show Wen Li's talent. Drunken Moon Beach and Li Bai, Mr. Huang Shizhai's Mountain Tour and Incense Burning Song are all amazing masterpieces, which have the heroic and unrestrained momentum of Li Bai's poems, the lingering colors of Li Shangyin's poems and the clear tone of Xiao Li's poems. Modern poetry is also unique in Wen Li's works. In Chronicle of Qing Poetry, Zhicheng Deng commented that Wen Li's modern poems are "extremely talented and thoughtful", and his five-character and seven-character poems are also quite excellent, such as "Feeling Autumn": "Late flowers are expensive, and sick leaves fall first." "Evening Meaning": "The clouds stop, and the clear sky blows into Tony Gao." In "Late Autumn": "The water is thin and the clouds are even painted, and the wind is high and the willows are scattered in the city." All these poems describing the scenery can show Wen Li's subtle views on the scenery and the beauty of her writing.
However, such a book of poetry full of talent and literary talent was banned because Wen Li showed too explicit remorse and repentance in his works.
Any ruler, considering the stability of the state power, will not want his subjects to have thoughts and feelings that are not conducive to the rule of his dynasty. In the view of the Qing government, since Wen Li had surrendered to the Qing Dynasty and served as an official in the Qing court, he should serve the Qing government wholeheartedly, sever all emotional entanglements with the past and devote himself to the stability and prosperity of the Qing Dynasty. Wen Li, however, was so attached to the Ming Dynasty in his collection of poems and essays that he lamented his life experience and repented of his actions. He even said that he had lost his virginity by accepting the official title given by the Qing government, and that he was a traitor and had done shameful things. At the same time, for the personal feelings between friends, for the loyal blessing of those former close friends who are now anti-Qing, they completely ignore the inheritance and interests of the Qing dynasty. This was intolerable and unforgivable by the Qing government. As a result, the book "The Episode after Mushrooms" was banned during the Qianlong period.
For the reasons of stabilizing the country and the national government, this collection of poems shows an honest official's infinite attachment to the Ming Dynasty and self-pity for his "incorruptibility". However, it is a pity that such a brilliant collection of poems has been banned.