1, subject omission, there are three main situations:
Chenggan Province: (1) Lian Po was General Zhao, and (Lian Po) cut it to pieces. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru).
(2) There are different snakes in Yongzhou, some are black and some are white; (snake) touches vegetation and dies; (Snakes) bite people, and (people) are unprepared. (Liu Zongyuan's Snake Catcher).
Hou Meng: Pei Gong said to Sean, "It's only twenty miles away from our army. (male) I went to join the army and entered the public. " (Sima Qian's "Hongmen Banquet")
Self-report: (Giving) Love is a small stream. After two or three miles, it will be the home of those who are particularly unique. (Liu Zongyuan's Preface to Yuxi Poetry).
2. Predicate ellipsis:
Inherit the above predicate and omit it:
(1) There is nothing interesting in the army. Please dance with a sword (for fun). ("The Hongmen Banquet").
(2) choose good and follow it, and (choose) change evil. (The Analects of Confucius).
(3) It takes courage to fight. One bite, then (drum) and decline, three bites (drum) and exhausted. (The Cao Gui Debate).
Omitted by the following predicate: Andy's neighbor lost his sheep, so he led his party (chased it) and demanded Andy's firm pursuit. (Lie Zi Dao Die).
3. Object ellipsis (mostly the pronoun "zhi" ellipsis):
Object after omitting verb:
(1) Xiang Bo, Ye Chi's partner army, met Sean privately and told him something. ("The Hongmen Banquet")
(2) Take Xiang Rugong as a great achievement, and worship Xiang as Shangqing. "(Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)
4. Preposition ellipsis (prepositions are often omitted when the subject-object structure is used as a complement).
Omit the preposition "Yu":
(1) The minister and the general attacked Qin, the general fought (in) Henan and the minister fought (in) Hebei. (The Hongmen Banquet by Sima Qian).
② Sui and Qin Mianchi people. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru).
(3) Wei Zhen is everywhere. (on the Qin dynasty).
(4) The people of Jingzhou attached symbols to force (enter) soldiers to take advantage of the situation. (Battle of Red Cliffs).
5. Omission of clauses:
1 However, the strength is enough (but not enough), people can laugh at it, but they have regrets. (Wang Anshi's Travel Notes of Baochan).
2, leap, not ten steps; Xu's ten driving skills (or going a little further) have contributed a lot (Xun Zi's "Persuasion").
Summary of ellipsis sentences in classical Chinese;
Ellipsis of sentence elements exists in both classical Chinese and modern Chinese, but dynamic sentences in classical Chinese are more common. The following situations are common:
1, the omitted subject has been omitted in the previous subject, also omitted in the following echo, and the subject is often omitted in the dialogue. The third person pronoun "Zhi" and "Qi" in classical Chinese can't be the subject, which is one of the reasons why the subject is often omitted in classical Chinese.
For example, "my family has lived in my hometown for three generations, and it has accumulated for 60 years now, and the days of my neighbors are stunned." Leave land, leave land, leave land, leave land, leave land, leave land, leave land, leave land, leave land, leave land.
Sometimes the subject is omitted in a compound sentence or a paragraph, and these subjects are inconsistent, that is, they refer to different objects, so we should pay attention to it when reading and translating. For example, "when I saw the fisherman, I was shocked and asked what I had done." Answer it. You have to go home and put wine and kill chickens for dinner. " When translating into modern Chinese, the omitted subject should be supplemented.
2. Ellipsis predicate is the most important component in a sentence, and it can't be omitted generally. However, under certain circumstances, some of them are the connecting link, echoing the following or being omitted because of dialogue.
For example, "choose the good and follow it, and change the bad." (Analects of Confucius VI) The last sentence omits the predicate "Xuan". When translated into modern Chinese, what is omitted is mainly a supplement.