Go to the frontier to carry out tasks
Tang Dynasty: Wang Wei
Riding a bike to visit the border and passing through Juyan County.
Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen.
When I arrived at the small pass, I met a spy waiting for the knight and told me that Dou Hu was in Yan.
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Translation and annotation
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I will visit the border without pomp, and all the countries I pass by have passed by.
Like a grass drifting with the wind, wild geese belonging to the north are flying in the sky.
Solitary smoke goes straight to the vast desert, and the sunset is round by the Yellow River.
When I arrived at Xiaoguan, I met the reconnaissance cavalry and told me that Duhu had arrived in Yanran.
To annotate ...
Sent to frontier fortress: ordered to be sent to frontier fortress. Dispatch: Send a special envoy.
Bicycle: a car, few means of transportation, described here as light and simple. Ask the frontier fortress: visiting the frontier fortress is to express condolences to the officers and men guarding the frontier.
Dependent country: there are several explanations: one refers to the ethnic minorities who are dependent on Hanting and retain their country names. There were some governors in the Han and Tang Dynasties. The second refers to the official name. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official named Cai Guo, who was awarded by Su Wu after he returned to Han Dynasty. People in the Tang Dynasty sometimes called "vassal countries" frontier envoys. Juyan: Place name, called Juyanze in Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in Tang Dynasty, located in the northern border of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia. There was Juyan County in Zhangye County of the Western Han Dynasty (refer to Geography of Hanshu), so the old city is in the southeast of Ejina Banner today. In addition, in the secretariat of Liangzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhangye Juyan was a vassal state, and its jurisdiction was in Juyanze area. This sentence generally says that Wang Wei passed by Juyan. However, Wang Wei's task does not actually need to go through Juyan. Therefore, Feng's "Selected Poems and Songs of China in Past Dynasties" thinks that this sentence was written in the Tang Dynasty, "The frontier fortress is vast, and the vassal States are all outside Juyan".
Qian Peng: Pengcao flies with the wind, which is the poet's metaphor here.
Guiyan: Wild geese are migratory birds, flying north in spring and south in autumn. Here, the geese fly north. Hu Tian: The airspace of the Hu people. This refers to the northern part occupied by Tang Jun.
Desert: the big desert, here refers to the desert north of Liangzhou. Solitary smoke: Zhao Diancheng's note has two solutions: First, Yun Gu burned wolf dung during the border warning. "The smoke is straight and gathered, although the wind blows away." The second cloud is a whirlwind beyond the Great Wall, "curling smoke and sand". According to later generations' field visits to Gansu and Xinjiang, there are indeed cyclones, such as "solitary smoke going straight up". Also: solitary smoke may also be a safety fire used in border defense in Tang Dynasty. Long River: refers to an inland river that flows through the desert north of Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu). This river was called Macheng River in Tang Dynasty, and it is suspected that it is Shiyang River today.
Xiaoguan: The name of the ancient pass, also known as Longshan Pass, is located in the southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia. Standby: cavalry in charge of reconnaissance and communication. Wang Wei went to Hexi without going through Xiao Guan. Here he probably used the meaning of He Xun's poem "Waiting to ride out of Xiao Guan and pursue troops to Mayi", which is not true.
Duhu: There were six capitals in the northwest frontier of Tang Dynasty, such as Anxi and Anbei. Their main official is Du Hu, and each government faction has a guardian and two deputies, who are responsible for all affairs within their jurisdiction. This refers to the former enemy commander in chief. Ran Yan: Ran Yan, which is today's Mount Hang 'ai in Mongolia. Dou Xianbei defeated the Huns in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and recorded his achievements with a stone record at this moment. This represents the front line.
"Bicycle" two sentences: one sentence is "life and duty, bicycle wants to ask the side."
A scout on horseback. ▲
Useful, useless, perfect
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This is a poem written by the poet on his way to the frontier to express his condolences to the soldiers. This paper describes the ambassador's trip to the Great Wall and the scenery outside the Great Wall he saw during his trip. The first two sentences explain the purpose and place of this trip and why you wrote this poem; Zhuan Xu's two sentences contain multiple meanings, and the feeling of borrowing grass to write down; The two sentences of the neck couplet describe the magnificent scene of the frontier desert, with a vast realm and magnificent weather. The end couplet wrote frontier fortress, but I didn't see the general officer. The scout told the special envoy that the first general was at the front. This poem not only reflects the frontier life, but also expresses the feelings of loneliness, loneliness and sadness caused by the exclusion of the poet, as well as the generous and tragic feelings caused by the emotion being edified, purified and sublimated in the majestic scenery of the desert, showing an open-minded feeling.
"Bike wants to ask the side", there is no bus to go there, where to go-"belonging to the country, living in Yan", living in the northwest of Zhangye County, Gansu Province, far from the northwest frontier.
The poet compared Peng and Yan to "going out to Han like grass, flying into the lake like a wild goose flying north". In ancient poetry, flying over the eaves and walking over the wall is often used as a metaphor for a wandering wanderer, but here it is a metaphor for a minister with a court mission, who is secretly writing the poet's inner anger and depression. It echoes the "bicycle" in the first sentence. The trip to Wan Li took only ten words.
Then it describes the typical scenery in the desert: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen."
The last two sentences are written to arrive at the frontier fortress: "Xiaoguan is protected in Yanran every time he rides a horse." When I arrived at the frontier fortress, I didn't see the general. The scouts told the special envoy that the general was at the front.
The poet concentrates his pen and ink on what he is best at-writing landscapes. The author's mission takes place in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north. The poet made a metaphor on the spot, and compared himself with returning geese, which was both narrative and scenery-writing, which was natural and appropriate. In particular, the link of "lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent, which is called "the wonders of the ages" by Wang Guowei. The frontier desert is boundless, so the word "big" of "desert" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate and wonders. The smoke lit by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "solitary smoke". A word "solitary" describes the monotony of the landscape, and a word "straight" behind it also shows its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River flowing through it cannot express the poet's feelings unless a word "long" is used. Sunset, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, uses the word "round" here, but it gives people a feeling of warmth and boundless. The word "circle" and "straight" not only accurately describes the desert scene, but also shows the author's deep affection. The poet skillfully blends his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scenery. A passage from the forty-eighth poem of Xiangling studies in A Dream of Red Mansions can be regarded as the superb artistic realm of these two poems.