Lipper
White hair three thousands of feet, sorrow like a beard.
I don't know where to get autumn frost in the mirror.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Selected from the whole Tang poetry. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty invited Li Bai, who was invited as a scholar of the court to sing praises for himself because of his good poems. However, Li Bai is a man with ideals and ambitions, a man of integrity and backbone. He didn't want to curry favor with the powerful, so he was excluded by Gao Lishi and others. Li Bai lived in Chang 'an for only three years, and Tianbao left the court voluntarily in the spring of three years. After that, he traveled to Luoyang, Yangzhou, Jinling, Xuancheng, Qiupu and other places, during which he wrote a lot of poems. He wrote "Qiupu Song" in Qiupu (now Guichi County) in Anhui Province, with 17 songs in all. This poem is one of them.
interpret
There are four sentences in the whole poem, and the poetic development is divided into two layers.
"White hair and three thousands of feet, the fate is like a long time." I have three thousand hairs, just because my sorrow is so long. 〕
Writing "white hair" on the first floor means worrying day and night. The sentence is strange, exaggerated and bold, shocking. Three inches of white hair is long enough. It's not three inches, three feet or three feet, but "three thousands of feet". The poet boldly used exaggerated techniques to render the length of white hair, leaving a deep impression on readers. Why does black hair turn into white hair and why is it so long? The next line of the poem answers, "Sorrow is as long as sorrow", just because sorrow is so long. White hair is born of sadness and grows because of sadness. The poet's "white hair", concrete and image, can be seen and touched; The poet's melancholy is abstract, invisible and intangible, and only the poet can feel it. Here, the author uses the "white hair" in Three thousands of feet to describe his endless, endless and long sadness, and the strange metaphor turns the abstract melancholy into the image melancholy, and the combination of this metaphor and exaggeration makes the perennial melancholy exaggerated by the poet very vivid. Sorrow is the cause of early birth and more "white hair", and "white hair" is the result of sorrow. The poet does not write "cause" first, then "fruit", but "fruit" first, then "cause". In this way, "cause" and "effect" are inverted, and the first sentence of the poem is abrupt at first glance, but it stands out when reading the whole poem, highlighting the sad result of "white hair" and giving readers a strong feeling and an indelible impression. How can you not marvel at the poet's boldness of vision and pen power?
"I wonder where there is autumn frost in the mirror?" I didn't know there was so much frost in the mirror in front of me? 〕
On the second floor, writing "white hair" proliferates as fast as it does. The sentence is wonderful and the metaphor is appropriate. The first two sentences of the poem are hidden in the mirror, and the last two sentences are written clearly. In the first two sentences, the writer saw his "white hair", which made him feel sad when he grew up. In the last two sentences of the poem, the writer was surprised in the mirror and couldn't help asking, "I wonder when I got the autumn frost in the mirror?" When did the original gray hair become almost gray, like a frost on the ground in late autumn? Autumn Frost is more wonderful and appropriate than White Hair, and the colors are similar. Describe "white hair" as "autumn frost" to cover the ground; Express the rapid spread of "white hair", such as so many "autumn frost" condensed overnight; Both Autumn Frost and White Hair give people a sense of desolation and sadness. Among them, "I don't know" is not really unknown, nor is it because "I don't know" that it becomes a problem. It also shows that the surge and rapid increase of "white hair" is beyond the poet's expectation, showing a variety of worries and heaviness. As for Autumn Frost and Where did you get it? Although the author did not answer, it is not difficult for readers to find the answer from the second sentence of the poem. Does the poet have Wonder, Autumn Frost and Where Did He Get It? These two sentences are not questions, but angry words He asked because he knew that "autumn frost" came too early, too much, too much sorrow, too long sorrow! In this way, on the basis of the first two poems, the poet's anxiety has been implicitly expressed.
Poetic eyes are on the word "de" in the last sentence. Where did you get such deep sorrow? "Get" from the exclusion and oppression suffered by the poet in his half life. Li Bai has ambitions and ideals. Although he was frustrated many times and failed to realize it, his ambition remained unchanged. Li Bai is a talented person. He is worried that his ideal can't be realized and his talent can't be displayed. He is worried about the world, and he is worried about the people. When Li Bai wrote this poem, corruption had begun in the Tang Dynasty, and this poem expressed the poet's worries about the current situation. He often expresses great dissatisfaction with reality, and his anger is often revealed in many poems he wrote after he left Beijing. The "worry" written in this poem is precisely the expression of this kind of thought and emotion. Li Bai was in his fifties when he wrote this poem. His ambition has not come true, and he is old. How can he not be doubly sad?
summary
This is a poem expressing anger. The description center of the whole poem is a word "sorrow". With romantic techniques, bold exaggeration and strange metaphors, the poet described his melancholy and anger to the fullest, wrote his own state of mind without talent, and expressed his strong dissatisfaction with social reality.
There are many metaphors of "sorrow" in classical poetry, such as "sorrow comes like a mountain" (Du Shaoling); Some people use water as a metaphor for sadness, such as "Please measure the water in the East China Sea to see the shallow sadness" (Li Qi). Li Bai's unique technique, using "three thousands of feet white hairs" to describe the depth of suffering, is particularly novel and meaningful. Readers will not only blame the irrationality of the poet "Three thousands of feet", on the contrary, they will sincerely appreciate this unnatural and shocking strange sentence.