Our country is a country of poetry. There are so many ancient Chinese poems, and each poem is full of the poet's rich emotions. Poetry is vast and full of emotions. Grasping the emotions of poetry is the key to understanding poetry. So let’s take a look at the common thoughts and feelings in ancient poetry:
1. Worry about the country and its sorrow
1. Exposing the ruler's stupidity and decadence
Example
Passing through the Huaqing Palace
Du Mu
Looking back at Chang'an, there are piles of embroidery and thousands of gates on the top of the mountain. open.
The red concubine on horseback smiled, but no one knew it was lychee.
This poem chooses to deliver lychees to the imperial concubine on horseback, vividly revealing that in order to satisfy their own appetites, the rulers did not hesitate to mobilize troops, waste people and money, and effectively criticized Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei. The arrogance and extravagance. The first two sentences of the poem pave the way for the background, and the last two sentences introduce the main body of the description and hint at the theme of the poem. The two specific images of "Riding in the Red Dust" and "Concubine's Laughter" are presented side by side, which makes people think and leaves people with suspense. Although "no one knows" is three words, it is thought-provoking and intriguing.
2． Reflecting the pain of chaos
Example
Spring Hope
Du Fu
The country is broken, mountains and rivers are there, and the city is full of spring vegetation.
I am moved to tears by the flowers, and the birds are frightened by the hatred.
The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold.
The white-headed scratches are shorter, and the lust is overwhelming.
In July of the fifteenth year of Tianbao's reign (756), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Anshi rebels captured Chang'an. Suzong ascended the throne in Lingwu and changed the Yuan Dynasty to De. On his way to Lingwu, Du Fu was captured by the rebels and brought to Chang'an. He wrote this poem the following year (the second year of Germany). The poet witnessed the fall of Chang'an's flutes after the fall, and was deeply homesick after experiencing adversity. He couldn't help but sigh with emotion. The first and second couplets of the poem describe the devastation of the Spring City, full of sighs; the third and fourth couplets describe the situation of missing relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is calm and subtle, sincere and natural, reflecting the poet's love for the motherland and his feelings for his family. Modern scholars such as Xu Yingpei and Zhou Rongquan commented on this poem: "The meaning is thorough but straight, the scenes are comprehensive but not dissociated, the emotions are strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not complicated, the rhythm is rigorous but not rigid." This comment is quite interesting. For appropriateness. "A letter from home is worth ten thousand dollars" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
3. Sympathy for the sufferings of the people
Example
Song of Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind
Du Fu
(Complete poem abbreviated)
< p>This is Du Fu's song about self-inflicted poverty. In the autumn and August of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (761), the howling autumn wind swept away the thatch on Du Fu's thatched cottage by the Huanhua River. It rained heavily at night, causing the house to leak and the bed to get wet. Faced with this miserable situation, Du Fu not only lamented his own experience, but also further thought about when all the "poor people in the world" like himself would be able to escape their suffering. This noble sentiment of caring about the country and the people, putting others before oneself, has always been praised by people. This is an ancient poem in the form of a song. The sentences are of varying lengths and the rhymes are changed many times, giving people a sense of unevenness and twists and turns, which helps to express the rough life and the sad and depressed mood. Tang and Song Dynasty Poetry Chun said: "It is extremely boring, and the power of the writing is demonstrated by writing directly. After entering, a big wave rises, and the strokes are folded and closed, like a dragon losing its tail. This is not only an old mind, but without this intention, the poem cannot be written." ”Example
The charcoal seller
Bai Juyi
The charcoal seller cut down firewood to burn charcoal in the southern mountains.
The face is dusty and smoky, and the temples are gray and the fingers are black.
Where do you get money from selling charcoal? The clothes on your body and the food in your mouth.
Poor, I am wearing only the right clothes, and I am worried about the cold weather.
At night, there is a foot of snow outside the city, and at dawn, the charcoal cart rolls over the ice tracks.
The cows were trapped and the people were hungry. The sun was getting high and they rested in the mud outside the south gate of the city.
Who is Pian Pian riding here? The messenger in yellow is in white.
He holds the document in his hand and pronounces the edict, returns to the carriage and scolds the oxen to lead them north.
A cart of charcoal weighs more than a thousand kilograms, and the palace envoy will regret it.
Half a piece of red silk and one foot of silk are fastened to the cow's head and filled with charcoal.
The whole poem tells the tragic story of the charcoal seller working hard to make charcoal, struggling to transport the charcoal to the market, and the charcoal being plundered by the palace envoys. The misfortune of the charcoal seller is used to aggrieve the common people, and the image of the charcoal seller is used to reflect the bitterness and pain of the working people, and to combat the "palace market", one of the evil policies of the mid-Tang Dynasty, and the cruel exploitation of the working people by the ruling class.
This poem is deeply ideological and artistically unique. The poet uses the two sentences "Where can I make money from selling charcoal? What is the food in my mouth?" The poet shows the only hope that the old man who is almost on the verge of despair can have - and what a pitiful hope! This is the poetic eye of the whole poem. All other descriptions focus on this poetic eye. In terms of expression techniques, foil and contrast are used flexibly. The "gray temples" are used to highlight the old age, the "dusty and smoky face" is used to highlight the hardship of "cutting fuel and burning charcoal", and then using the desolate and dangerous Nanshan Mountain as a background, the old man's fate arouses people's sympathy even more. And all this reflects the burning fire of the old man's hope: selling charcoal to get money to buy clothes and food. The old man is "dressed neatly", and the "foot of snow" that comes at night and the "icy ruts" on the road are used as foils, making people feel even more "poor" about the old man. And all of this reflects the burning fire of the old man's hope: the weather is cold and charcoal is expensive, so he can buy more clothes and food. Next, "the cow is trapped and the man is hungry" and "two graceful riders" reflect the disparity in the situation of workers and rulers; "a cart of charcoal, more than a thousand catties" and "half a piece of red yarn and one foot of silk" reflect the " The cruelty of Miyagi's plunder.
As far as the whole poem is concerned, the blazing fire of hope in the front is precisely to contrast the sadness and pain of hope in the end.
4. Concern about the future and destiny of the country
Example
Climbing the building
Du Fu
Spending time near a high-rise building hurts the hearts of guests, and there are so many difficulties. Ascend.
The spring scenery of Jinjiang River comes to heaven and earth, and the floating clouds of jade barrier change the past and present.
The Arctic court will never change, and the Xishan bandits will not invade each other.
The poor queen returned to the temple and sang for Father Liang at dusk.
This is a poem that touches the times. The author writes that when he climbed up the stairs and saw the boundless spring scenery, he could not help but feel sad and sigh when he thought of the difficulties in all directions and the changing clouds. Then I thought that the imperial court was like the North Pole constellation, unshakable. Even if Tibet invaded, it would be difficult to change people's orthodox ideas. Finally, he revealed his ambition to imitate Zhuge Liang and assist the imperial court, and he had the courage to clarify the world. The whole poem expresses the impression of climbing a building, looking up at the mountains, rivers and historic sites, all from the perspective of space. The word "near" in the first sentence and the word "twilight" in the last sentence play a prominent role in the conception of the poem. "Flowers near a tall building" describes a close-up view, while "Jinjiang", "Yulei" and "Houzhu Temple" are distant views. "Sunset" indicates that the poet has been wandering for a long time. This method of taking into account time and space enhances the three-dimensional sense of the poem's artistic conception and broadens the open-minded and vigorous realm of the poem. The poem has a rigorous rhythm and neat dialogues, and has always been highly praised by poets. Shen Deqian believed that "the atmosphere is majestic and covers the universe. This is the best of Du's poems."
2. Serve the country with meritorious service
1. The desire to achieve success.
Example
Although the tortoise has a long life
Cao Cao
Although the tortoise has a long life, it still has its time;
The tan snake rides on the mist and turns into ashes.
The old man is still ambitious, but his ambition is thousands of miles;
The martyrs are ambitious in their old age.
The period of profit and contraction is not only in heaven;
The blessing of nourishing happiness can lead to eternal life.
Fortunately, I sing to express my ambition.
The beginning of this poem is that although the tortoise lives a long life, it will still die; even if the soaring snake can ride on the mist and ascend to the sky, it will eventually die and turn into dust. However, "an old man is lying in bed, but his ambition is a thousand miles." Although Cao Cao was fifty-three years old at the time, he was still like a thousand-mile horse lying in a manger, and his ambition was still galloping thousands of miles. The "aim for thousands of miles" here is really remarkable. This poem was written after Cao Cao defeated Wuhuan, implying that Cao Cao's ambition was not in Wuhuan, but in the south thousands of miles away. Looking at the situation at that time, in 207 AD, Cao Cao defeated Wuhuan and returned. The entire north and the Central Plains were roughly settled. The only ones left were Liu Biao and Liu Bei in the south, and Sun Quan in Jiangdong. Therefore, Cao Cao's "aspiration for thousands of miles" shows his ambition to unify the world. In fact, the following year, the thirteenth year of Jian'an (AD 208), Cao Cao did send his army southward in an attempt to recapture Liu Bei and Sun Quan in one fell swoop. Unfortunately, Cao Cao was unexpectedly defeated in the Battle of Chibi. Regardless of whether Cao Cao could conquer Qianli later, we can really get a glimpse of his desire and ambition to dominate Qianli from this poem.
Example
Book Anger
Lu You
In his early years, he knew that the world was difficult, and the Central Plains looked to the north like a mountain.
The building boat crosses Guazhou in the snowy night, and the iron horse disperses in the strong autumn wind.
I walled the Great Wall and promised myself that it would be empty, but the faded hair on my temples was already stained in the mirror.
If you are a master and have a true reputation in the world, who can compare with you in a thousand years!
The whole poem is full of melancholy emotions and rich charm, which is obviously inspired by Du Fu. The two unions in China are committed to work steadily, especially the couplets "building boat" and "iron horse", which are majestic and heroic and are widely recited by people. Such poems come from his personal experience and are full of his feelings about political life. They are incomparable to those works that show off their talents and show off their talents.
2． Determination to protect the homeland and the country
Example
Join the army
Wang Changling
The snow-capped mountains in Qinghai are covered by long clouds, and the lonely city looks at Yumen Pass in the distance.
The yellow sand will wear golden armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will never be returned until it is broken.
The poem describes the broad-mindedness of the soldiers who are responsible for the garrison in the "lonely city" in the vast sea covered with clouds and yellow sand, and expresses their tenacious fighting spirit and heroic spirit of patriotism in vowing to defeat the enemy and fight decisively. .
3. The sadness of having no way to serve the country
Example
Yong Yule·Nostalgia for the past in Beiguting, Jingkou
Xin Qiji
Throughout the ages, there are no heroes to be found Sun Zhongmou office. On the dance pavilion and singing stage, the wind is always blown away by the rain. The setting sun, the grass and trees, the ordinary alleys, where the slaves of humanity once lived. I think back then, when we were strong and strong, we could swallow thousands of miles like a tiger.
Yuanjia hastily sealed the wolf in Xu, and won the hasty visit to the north. Forty-three years later, I still remember the beacon fire on Yangzhou Road. But looking back, under the Buddha and Li Temple, there is a sacred crow drum. Who can ask, Lian Po is old, can he still make a living?
The whole poem is heroic and tragic, full of meaning and affection, and radiates the brilliance of patriotism. The allusions used in the words are appropriate and natural, and closely follow the theme, which enhances the persuasiveness and artistic conception of the work. In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen said in his Ci Pin: "Xin Ci should be ranked first in Nostalgia for the Past and Encountering Joy in Beigu Pavilion, Jingkou." This evaluation is pertinent.
Example
Chou Nuer·The young man does not know the feeling of sorrow
Xin Qiji
The young man does not know the feeling of sorrow and falls in love with the upper floors. Falling in love with the upper floors, I force myself to express my sorrow in order to compose new words.
Now that I know all the sadness, I can’t stop talking.
I wanted to give it up, but I said it was a cool autumn!
This poem was written when I was living by the lake. The language is shallow but the meaning is deep, and the past and present are compared. The short poem is written with twists and turns, and is moving and highly summarizes the poet's feelings for half his life. The first film is about the optimism and innocence of a young man, who went up to the building to enjoy the scenery, created love for the novel, and had no worries. The next film "Now" is a powerful break, describing the emotions that have gone through all the vicissitudes of life, the difficulty of reaching one's aspirations, and the thorough experience of "sorrow", but the deep pain is expressed in a "swallowing style" at the knot, expressed in a soft language, Very interesting.
4. The pain of lost mountains and rivers