Tang Yin (1470-1523), whose real name is Bohu and Wei Zi, is like a layman and the owner of the Peach Blossom Temple. According to legend, he was born in the sixth year of Chenghua in Ming Xianzong (1470), so he was named Tang Yin. Han nationality, from Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu).
Tang Bohu was cynical and brilliant. Wen Neng, Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhiming and Xu Zhenqing are also called "Four Great Talents in the South of the Yangtze River" and have written Six Subsets. Huaneng, Shenzhou, Wen Zhiming and Chou Ying are also called "the four families of Wumen".
In his poems, the poet pretends to be the Peach Blossom Fairy, and refers to two completely different lifestyles by "drinking from old age" and "bowing before chariots and horses" respectively, and forms a sharp contrast between wealth and poverty, showing his ordinary and true, vulgar and negative side and cynicism.
Creative background:
This poem was written in the 18th year of Hongzhi (1505), only six years after Tang Yin Imperial Examination Hall was falsely accused. Tang Yin once won the Xie Yuan, and was later implicated in the fraud case in the examination room, which made him famous. At this time, Tang Bohu had already seen through the sinister official career, and the imperial examination system deeply dampened Tang Bohu's self-esteem and became a "complex" that he could not get rid of.
After returning home, on the surface, Tang Bohu no longer had any illusions about the imperial examination, but in fact, he was moved by Ning Wangzhu and regarded his love for himself as another opportunity to enter the official career. In addition, King Ning treated him with courtesy, hired him with a hundred dollars, and built a house specially for him in Nanchang. I'm afraid it's hard for Tang Bohu to refuse. Unfortunately, once again, fate played a big joke on Tang Bohu. Wang Ning didn't really take a fancy to Tang Bohu's talent, but just rebelled against him and became a polite corporal. Tang Bohu also quickly saw Wang Ning's rebellious ambition and ulterior motives. In order to get away, in desperation, he had to pretend to be crazy, both "pretending to be crazy to make wine" and "making a fool of himself". Ning Wang's men came to present food and clothes, but Tang Bohu sat cross-legged naked and cursed the messenger. Wang Ning was disappointed and had to let him go home.
At this point, Tang Bohu had a further understanding of the vicissitudes and indifference of the world, so he built a villa in Taohuawu, Suzhou, and retired from it, calling himself "the owner of the Taohuaan" and lived a personal life of selling literature and paintings for a living and enjoying wine with poetry.
Tang Bohu saw through the illusion of fame and fortune in his long life. He thought that fame and fortune would not last long at the cost of freedom, so he gave up his career and lived a leisurely life with flowers as his friends and wine as his friends. The poet wrote this poem, expressing his attitude towards life that he was willing to retire and indifferent to fame and fortune.
Appreciation of works:
Peach blossom has the meaning of seclusion because it is homophonic with "escape", and it also embodies the precious spirit of pursuing freedom and cherishing the value of individual life.
"Taohuawu Taohuaan, Taohuaan Taohuaxian. The peach fairy breeds peach trees and picks them for drinking. " The first four lines, like a long "push" lens, suddenly present the fairy in a painting to the readers from far and near. In just four lines, six "peach blossoms" are used repeatedly, stacked repeatedly, linked back and forth, and colorful, and soon a world of flowers is piled up, which makes people fall into their own situation. The unhurried tone and speed of speech increase the reader's intimacy and curiosity: what kind of fairy life does this peach blossom fairy lead?
In the next four lines, a beautiful picture of "drunken lying in the greenhouse" is unfolded: "When you wake up, you just sit in front of the flowers, and when you are drunk, you will come to sleep under the flowers. Half awake and half drunk day after day, flowers bloom every year. " You see how carefree and happy the Peach Blossom Fairy is. She enjoys flowers in drunkenness every year. Here, flowers and wine are not completely foreign things that poets are worried about, but just a part of their lives, or they have become independent individuals, and flowers, wine and people are integrated into a harmonious whole. The above words can be described as the author's own situation, vivid, vivid and meaningful. Tang Yin, a student who once fantasized that "Tian Shelang is the palace at dusk", disappeared, as did the romantic wit who was addicted to fireworks and Liuxiang. After several years of debauchery, Tang Yin finally chose to escape from downtown and chose this paradise for himself. After his marriage with Shen Shi, he began a relatively peaceful seclusion. Although there is no way to enter the official career, after all, I have something to support and live up to my prime of life. The beautiful scenery is easy to imagine, and I can sing a poem.
"I hope I die of old age. I don't want to bow in front of the car." This sentence, which connects the preceding with the following, expresses the poet's interest: it is better to be happy and carefree in the wine room than to work hard for prosperity. "Cars, dust, Ma Gui, wine and flowers are poor." If you compare wealth with the poor, one is in peace and the other is in heaven. ""Car dust trail "is only the taste of the rich, while flowers and wine are destined to become attached to the poor. If measured by money and material things, the lives of these two kinds of people are very different, but from another angle, those rich people must always be nervous and carefully tread on thin ice, while the so-called poor people can have more leisure and fun, but live more naturally, truly, easily and happily. The above six lines are all comparative descriptions, and the feelings are unfolding in a fierce collision. In each sentence, because of rhyme, the former is tight and the latter is loose, which fully shows the poet's arrogant personality and his detachment and liberation from being born in the world.
However, the real meaning of this is not understood by everyone. Don't you see "people laugh at me for being crazy"? And "I", however, disagreed: "I laughed at others and I can't see it." Don't you see that kings and princes who used to be all-powerful and rich are now? Not only is the body gone, but the situation has also fallen. They can't even count on the flowers and wine they despised before their death, and they can't even protect their graves. If they know it in heaven, they can only watch the farmers plow the fields where they are buried. "I don't look at Hao Jie's tomb in Wuling. There are no flowers, no wine and no hoes!" A word came to an abrupt end, and the aftertaste remained.
The first four sentences of the poem are narratives, saying that he is a peach fairy who lives in seclusion in Taohuawu Taohuaan, Suzhou, and grows peach trees to sell wine, which is a portrayal of his life. These four sentences deliberately highlight the image of "peach blossom" and vividly depict the image of a hermit who plays in the forest, is free and easy, loves life and is as happy as a fairy.
The last four sentences describe the poet's life with flowers as neighbors and wine as friends. No matter how drunk you are, you will never leave the peach blossom. Day after day, year after year, time will flow and flowers will bloom and fall, but the original intention will remain unchanged. This obsession with flowers and wine shows that he cherishes life extremely.
The following four sentences directly point out my desire for life: I don't want to follow the door of wealth, but I would rather die of old age. Although the rich enjoy traveling, the poor can become attached to drinking snuff. By comparison, I wrote two different kinds of life fun, the poor and the rich.
The next four sentences are comments, which deeply reveal the dialectical relationship between the rich and the poor through the comparison of advantages and disadvantages: on the surface, wealth is in the sky, and poverty is in the ground, but in fact, the rich are not as leisurely as the poor, and it is not advisable for the author to exchange his wealth for the leisure of the poor.
This kind of value that despises fame and fortune is tantamount to breaking ground in the era when everyone pursues wealth, which embodies the author's profound insight into life and detached and open-minded life realm, and is a wise choice for life. The connection with wealth must be fatigue. Money can buy enjoyment, but not leisure. Poetic life, although poor, does not lose the joy of life and rich spirit, which is a portrayal of the life of frustrated literati in ancient times.
Throughout the poem, * * * depicts two scenes, one is the life scene of officials and rich people in the Han Dynasty, and the other is the life scene of Tang Yin himself in the Ming Dynasty. The former uses only a dozen words, such as "bow before horses and chariots", "dusty" and "mediocre", and vividly outlines the life scenes of the great officials and the rich in the Han Dynasty. The latter is described in more detail, such as "planting peach trees", "picking peach blossoms in exchange for wine money", "sitting in front of flowers when drunk, sleeping in flowers when drunk", "I would rather die of old age in a wine shop than bow to the front of horses and chariots" and "drinking snuff is the fate of a hermit" and so on. Although my eyes are full of fragrant words such as flowers, peaches, wine and drunkenness. There is no vulgarity, the picture is gorgeous and elegant, the style is elegant and handsome, the melody is mellow and meaningful, the image is vivid and profound.
This poem has distinct levels, simple language and euphemistic monologue. But this kind of monologue contains infinite artistic tension, which gives people a strong aesthetic enjoyment and a high sense of identity.
As Han Yu said, "the voice of peace is weak, and the voice of sorrow and joy is wonderful;" Happy words are hard to write, poor words are easy to be good.