/kloc-After the mid-8th century, gongola's poems became popular in the living room of the ruling class and became court literature. At the same time, a group of talented writers and poets emerged in the mainland mining area centered on minas gerais, which made Brazilian literature prosper again for a period of time.
The representative figure of this period is José Basilio da Gama (174 1~ 1795). His long poem Uruguay (1769) describes a war between Spanish and Portuguese and Uruguayan Indians in 1756. The most local color is Frey Jose de Santa Rita Du Lang's epic Caramuru (1722~ 1784), which is famous for describing local ethnic customs. In addition, Omas Antonio Gonzaga (1744~ 18 10) wrote Maria in Dirceu (1792). Most of the works in this period are about mining, describing the life of the people in minas gerais.
1822 Brazil became independent, and literature began a new period, that is, the national literature period. Under the influence of European literature, romantic works began to appear. Brazilian romantic literature has obviously absorbed nutrition from Indian folk literature, especially folk poetry, and has its own characteristics. Domingos Jose Gonsalves de Magarianes (181~1882) began the transition from classicism to romanticism. His first book of poetry published in 1832 is still a typical classical work. Four years later, it presents a romantic style in poetic sighs and thoughts. Modern Brazilian literature has produced three generations of romantic writers:
The first generation included Gonsalves de Magarias and Antonio Gonsalves Diaz (1823 ~ 1864) who were awarded the title of "national poets". In prose, Joaquim Manuel Demarcay (1820~ 1882) and jose martin de alencar (1829 ~1877); In drama, Louis Carlos Martins Pena (18 15~ 1848) is the main representative.
The second generation writers were influenced by Byron, but their works were narrow in theme and depressed, eroded by "worrying about the world" and "the disease of the century", and most of them ended in tragedy. Its representatives are the famous poets Manuel Antonio Alvarez de Acebedo (183 1~ 1852) and Kajimiro de Abreu (1839~ 1860).
The third generation writers have begun to transition to realism. They try to break through the shackles of subjectivism and sentimentalism and devote themselves to real life, so that their works have greater social significance. The representative figure is Antonio Frederic de Castro Alves (1847~ 187 1), a "Shan Ying" poet. His poems lashed out at the evils of feudal monarchy and slavery and won the title of "slave singer". The novelist Alfredo de Escara Gorenel Taunai (1843~ 1899) is famous for his pen name "Viscount Taunai". He is famous for "Laguna Retreat" (187 1) describing the battle of Mato Grosso. The theme of his works is not as narrow as that of ordinary regional writers, but is praised by the world for its distinctive Brazilian characteristics. The most accomplished romantic novelist in Brazil is José de alencar, whose main work is Guaraní People (1857), a novel that truly reflects the life of Indians. In addition, Joaquim da Silva Bernardo Gimaranges (1825~ 1884) is also an important writer.
The rise of realistic novels in Brazil is earlier than that in other Latin American countries. Manuel Antonio de Almeida's Memoirs of Militia Officers (1831~1861) is the embryonic form of Brazilian realistic novels. However, the first real realistic novel is the Mlato (1857~ 19 13) by Arauis Theo Tancredo Gonsalves Acevedo. This novel makes a bold comment on Brazilian society. Joaquim Maria Machado de assis (1839~ 1908), a famous novelist, is good at describing the psychological state of characters, and his works reflect the social changes before and after Brazil overthrew the monarchy and established the * * * Republic. There are mainly memories of braz Cubas after his death (188 1) and Jinkas Borba (189 1).
Raul da Avila Pompeii (1863~ 1895) is another type of realistic writer, who is famous for his autobiographical novel The Academy (1888). There are Ekra Normas Ingersoll Sosa (1853~ 19 18), Domingos Olimpio Braga Cavalcanti (1850~ 1906) and Enrique Maximiliano coelho Neto (/kloc-0).
Aulavuo Bras Martins dos Gimalag Ness Bejak (1865~ 19 18), the famous "star poet" and "pigeon poet" Raimondeau da Mota Acevedo Correa (668) were all popular in this period.
1893, Joao da Cruz I Sosa (186 1~ 1898), a black writer and poet, published the book of shields and mass, which opened up a new way for Brazilian literature. He suffered from racial discrimination and oppression, but he was unable to change the reality. He can only seek liberation from fantasy and become a representative of symbolism, known as the "black swan". Alfonso enriquez de Costa Jie Maranes (1870~ 192 1), a religious poet, wrote the Mariana Municipal Judge (1905) and The Beggar (1920). His works escape from reality, describing death and natural scenery, with religious overtones. The Hinterland (1902) by Euclid Rodrí guez pimenta da Cunha (1866~ 1909) is a masterpiece in Brazilian literature, and it is called "The Book of Revenge" because it reveals the truth of the Battle of Canudus. Jose Pereira da La Paz Alanya (1868~ 193 1) is an advocate of Brazilian modernist literature. He published Canaan on 1902, which is called "problem novel" or "thought novel". The book explores the formation of the Brazilian nation and country through the mouth of two Germans who have just arrived in Brazil.
In addition, there are emiliano David Panetta (1866~ 192 1), Mario Velozu Paranhospe Denelas (1868~ 19 15) and Augusto Carvalho.