Don du fu
Good rain knows the season, when spring comes.
Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.
The wild path is dark, and the river is bright.
Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy.
Explanation:
What a spring rain, as if knowing the change of seasons,
In spring, it comes naturally.
With the gentle wind blowing quietly at night,
Moisten everything gently and silently.
Dark clouds shrouded the path in the wild,
Only the boat on the river still has a solitary light on.
Looking at spring flowers everywhere in the morning,
Beautiful Chengdu is full of flowers.
poet
Du Fu (A.D. 7 12-770), a beautiful Han nationality, was originally from Xiangyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province) and later moved to Gongxian County (now Gongxian County, Henan Province). Along with Du Gongbu and Du Fu, it is called Shaoling Night Old. He is a great realistic poet, poet saint and world cultural celebrity in Tang Dynasty, and he is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. Du Fu was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Zhengzhou). His ancestors were Du Yu, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Du Fu was originally Zuo Shiyi and Yuan Wailang, and later he was called Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Du Fu lived in the historical period of Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings, and were known as "the history of poetry". Du Fu was concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills, and was honored as a "poet saint" by later generations. Du Fu wrote more than 1400 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down through the ages, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems have a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis and refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, with the most ordinary people as the protagonist, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the shackles of the ancient Yuefu themes and created many new Yuefu themes, such as the famous Three Officials and Three Farewells. After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190.
Three Officials and Three Farewells are the representative works of Du Fu's realistic poems. It truly describes the thoughts, feelings, actions and language of county officials, customs officials, old women, old people, brides, husbands and others in a specific environment, vividly reflects the social reality of that period and the profound disasters and pains of working people, and shows people tragic life tragedies. In these descriptions of the hardships of life, on the one hand, the poet has deep sympathy for the people who have suffered greatly, and hates the enslavement and persecution of the people by officials; On the other hand, he supported the counter-insurgency war of the dynasty and hoped that the people would suffer hardships and cooperate with the dynasty to put down the rebellion. This complex and contradictory thought accords with the poet's thought of worrying about the country and the people.
To annotate ...
Good rain: refers to spring rain.
Yes, right away.
Occurrence: Promote plant growth.
Secretly, quietly.
Moisturizing: Nourishing plants through rain.
The road to the wilderness: the road to the field.
All: all, all.
Red wet place: flowers wet by rain.
Flower weight: Flowers look full and heavy because of the rain and hang down.
Jinguancheng: another name for Chengdu.
"Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night" was written by Du Fu in the spring of last year (76 1) in Huanhuaxipan Caotang, Chengdu. Background and ideological content of Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night: This poem was written in the spring of the second year of Shang and Yuan Dynasties (76 1). At this time, Du Fu came to Sichuan and settled in Chengdu for two years because of the drought in Shaanxi. He cultivates self-cultivation, grows vegetables and flowers, and interacts with farmers, so he has deep feelings for the spring rain. He wrote this poem to describe the spring night rain and dew nourishing the beauty of all things and express the poet's joy.
Interpretation of poetry: Good rain seems to know how to adapt to the season. In spring, rain makes plants sprout and grow, and drizzle falls quietly with the breeze at night, nourishing everything. The sky is overcast, the country road is dark, and only the boats on the river are flashing lights. The next morning, there was wet red everywhere, and flowers stained with rain decorated Chengdu.
original text
Meng Haoran's Xiao Chun and Xiao Chun (1)
Tang Meng Hao ran
I awake light-hearted this morning of spring (2), birds singing everywhere (3).
Night comes (4) the sound of wind and rain, I don't know how many flowers are folded.
To annotate ...
Xiao Chun: Early morning in spring. Dawn refers to the time when it is just dawn.
(2) Unconscious: unconscious, unaware.
(3) Sniffing birds: hearing birds chirping; Smell and listen; Cry and sing.
(4) come at night: at night.
translate
Sleep sweetly until dawn in the spring night,
When I woke up, I only heard birds singing outside the window.
In retrospect, it seemed rainy and windy last night.
The stone steps in the yard must be covered with colorful fallen flowers.
Make an appreciative comment
Meng Haoran's poem "Spring Dawn" was written when the poet lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain, and its artistic conception was very beautiful. The poet seized the moment when he just woke up in the spring morning to describe and associate, vividly expressing the poet's love and pity for spring.
This poem does not use the general technique of directly describing the immediate spring scene, but captures the typical spring atmosphere through the "spring dawn" (spring morning) when he wakes up instantly, expressing his feelings of loving and cherishing spring. The first two sentences of this poem were written by a poet who didn't know it was dawn because of his dream on a spring night. When he woke up, he heard birds singing everywhere outside the house. The poet cherishes ink as gold, and expresses the vibrant scene of Chunxiao with only one sentence: "Birds are singing around". However, people can know that it is the cheerful songs of these birds that awaken the lazy and sleepy poet. It is conceivable that it is already a beautiful spring outside the house at this time, and we can appreciate the poet's praise for spring. It is this lovely scene of spring dawn that makes the poet naturally turn to the association of the third sentence and the fourth sentence in the poem: I heard a burst of rain last night, and now how many flowers are shaken in the courtyard? Linked to the first two sentences of the poem, this night's storm is not a storm, but a gentle breeze and drizzle, which sends the poet into a sweet dream and cleans the morning brighter, which is not hateful. But in the end, it will shake off the spring flowers and take them away. Therefore, the phrase "I don't know how many flowers have been folded" implies the poet's faint sadness and infinite reverie about the passing of spring scenery.
The reason why this poem is deeply loved by people lies in its clear language and catchy tone, as well as its closeness to life, blend of scenes and profound implications.
Brief introduction of the author
Author Meng Haoran (689 ~ 740) is a poet of Tang Dynasty, Han nationality. His real name is Hao, and the word is awesome. Xiangzhou Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei) people. The world calls it "Wang Meng". Mainly writing pastoral landscape poems. Because I have never been an official, I am also called Monsanto. When Xiangyang Nanmennanyuan has his old age, he should be the first scholar to come to Chang 'an. He once wrote a poem named Gong Qing in imperial academy, and he wrote for it. He has a close friendship with Wang Wei. Legend has it that Wang Wei once invited himself into the office, just as Xuanzong arrived, Haoran fled to the bed. Wang Wei didn't dare to hide it. According to the facts, Xuanzong was ordered to see it. Haoran recited his poem to the sentence "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistakes", but Xuanzong was not happy. He said, "You don't want to be an official, and I haven't abandoned you. Why do you falsely accuse me!" Put it back in Xiangyang. After roaming in wuyue, I was extremely poor. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), Han Chaozong invited Meng Haoran to Chang 'an to extend his reputation. But he didn't want to be famous, so he stood me up and got nowhere. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling became the long history of Jingzhou, which led to the shogunate. Before long, he returned to his former residence. In the 28th year of Kaiyuan, Wang Changling visited Xiangyang and Meng Haoran. They met and enjoyed each other. Shi Haoran has a poisonous sore on his back. He will recover. He died because he indulged in feasting and eating fresh food.
Meng Haoran was born in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He was useful to the world in his early years, but he was politically frustrated and lived in seclusion for life. He is an honest and clean man, and he doesn't like to please others. His Geng Jie disobedient character and naive and noble sentiment are admired by contemporary and future generations. Li Bai praised him and said: "The beauty is unlucky, so don't focus on the car, but on the clouds; Now, "White-haired" said admiringly: "Gaoshan, how I long to reach you, just to pay tribute to Chun Xiang (A Word to Meng Haoran). Wang Shiyuan said in the preface to Meng Haoran that he was "handsome in appearance and handsome in spirit; Rescuing patients, resolving disputes, in order to establish righteousness; Irrigation of vegetables and bamboo is noble. " Wang Wei once painted his portrait in Yunzhou Pavilion with the title "Haoran Pavilion". Later generations respected him and refused to call him by his first name, so he changed his name to "Meng Ting" and became a local scenic spot. It can be seen that he is famous among ancient poets. Wang Wei, Li Bai and Wang Changling are all his good friends, and Du Fu and others have a good relationship with him.
Meng Haoran's life experience is relatively simple, and the theme of poetry creation is also very narrow. Meng's poems are mostly five-character short stories, mostly pastoral poems and secluded poems, and most of them are in the mood of serving immortals. Although it is not without cynicism, it is more of a poet's self-expression. He and Wang Wei also said that although Wang's poems are far less extensive and profound, they have unique artistic attainments.
Meng Shi's poetry is not carving, but thinking, full of wonderful self-satisfaction interest, not frugality and poverty. He is good at exploring the beauty of nature and life, immediately understanding the scene and writing his true feelings at the moment. For example, Qiu Deng Wan Shan sends Zhang Wu, Summer is in the South Pavilion, Guo Zhuang, Night Sleeping in Jiande, Night Song of Deer Gate, etc. , naturally become muddleheaded, but the artistic conception is clear and full of charm. Du Fu said that his poems and sentences in the Qing Dynasty were "perfect" ("Relieve boredom") and praised him for "why bother to write poems, they often give thanks" ("send happiness"). Pi Rixiu said: "Mr. Wang's works are full of praise when it comes to scenery, regardless of the strangeness, which makes those who are polluted and bound the population feel bored. If he loses, he will be lucky and unfortunate. " The beauty of the Northern Qi Dynasty' hibiscus is exposed, and willow is sparse in the middle of the month'; Mr. Wang has Wei Yun Lian Han, Shu Yu Wu Tong. Yuefu Rong' sunshine on the sand, wind and spring turbidity'; The king said, "The fog of clouds and dreams has trapped Yueyang." . Xie Tiao's poem is' dew wet cold pond grass, bright moon reflects clear Huai Liu'; Mr. Wang has "the wind sends lotus fragrance, and the bamboo leaves drip." "This is better than the ancients." His lyrical works, such as "Returning to the South Mountain at the End of the Year", "Feeling on the River at the Beginning of Cold", "Climbing the Wild Mountain with Friends", "Xunyang Looking at Lushan Mountain at Night" and "Talking about Wanshan", etc. Often touched by the ethereal spirit, the brushwork is like nothing, but the meaning is profound and inexhaustible. Yan Yu uses Zen as a metaphor for poetry, which means that Haoran's poem is "wonderful" (Cang Bian). In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shi Lu introduced Yan's introduction, praised "the theory of verve" and Wang Meng. He used Ran He's poem "Xunyang Looking at Lushan Mountain at Night" as a model and said, "At this point, the poem is empty, and politics is like a gazelle, and there is no trace to be found. The painter called Yipin. " On the basis of inheriting Tao and Xie, the pastoral poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty has made new development and formed a school of poetry. Among his masterpieces, Meng Haoran is the longest. He is the pioneer and has great influence on that time and later generations. His poems are based on broadmindedness, but "there is a strong and free-spirited spirit in broadmindedness" (Tang Yingui cited Pu Yin for money). For example, "Clouds dream up and fog around Yueyang City" ("Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang") is linked with Du Fu's "There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the world drifting endlessly" ("Climbing Yueyang Tower"), which has become a famous sentence describing the wonders of Dongting. In Qing Dynasty, Pan Deyu once pointed out: "Pu Qin has been surprised by Xiangyang's poems, such as' Morning Light in Xu Dong'. Lying down in Pukou to smell the fish, the radial sound is dark, and the sunrise weather is divided, which shows that the rivers and lakes are wide and the boat knows the wind. Hanging seats for the morning hair, in the lake. See the middle stream, and press Jiujiang Bear. "In the morning, the incense burner rises and the waterfall sprays Chen Hong." You are full of energy and look down on everything. You can't just look at it and speak clearly. However, this is rare in Meng's poems and cannot represent the main aspects of his style. Generally speaking, the content of Meng's poems is thin, which makes him trapped by space. Su Shi said that he was "high in rhyme but short in talent, such as making wine by internal method without using materials" (quoted from Chen Shidao's Poems on Houshan), which was quite to the point.
On the basis of inheriting Tao and Xie, the pastoral poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty has made new development and formed a school of poetry. Among his masterpieces, Meng Haoran is the longest. He is the pioneer and has great influence on that time and later generations. His poems are based on simplicity and dilution, but "there is a strong free and easy atmosphere in the rush" (Tang Yingui cited Pu Yin). For example, "Clouds dream up and fog around Yueyang City" ("Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang") is linked with Du Fu's "There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the world drifting endlessly" ("Climbing Yueyang Tower"), which has become a famous sentence describing the wonders of Dongting.
Although Meng Xiangyang is the founder of Tangshan water poems, his achievements are not as good as Wang Wei's. Why? One is because of his talent, and the other is because his poems are often not as lofty as Wang Wei's. Meng Haoran has been an official all his life, and his heart is not sweet. This situation often appears in his poems, which makes his poems cold and frugal. Wang Moshu, however, was an official all his life. After many twists and turns, he had a profound understanding of the changes of the world. This emotion originated from poetry is often interesting and difficult to pursue.
Although, Meng's poems have their own merits. His poem Far Away not only inherits Tao Qian's thoughts, but also does not diminish Wang Wei. For example, sentences such as "Going south to the wild, because the leaves are falling, the north wind comes to Shui Han" and "There is a breeze on both sides of the strait, and the moonlight is alone" can really be described as "empty and comfortable, indifferent", which is worthy of being a masterpiece in landscape poetry.