What are the differences and connections between images and images in poetry?

Image was originally a philosophical concept in ancient times, and later it was gradually used in the criticism of literary styles such as poetry and aesthetic research. The image in aesthetics and literature research refers to a part of the artistic image that the author externalizes and fixes his own aesthetic image through language media. That is, literary image. Literary image is a special form of image, which refers to the artistic image that contains unique ideas in literary works, especially poems, and allows readers to gain meaning. General images, such as American poet Eliot's The Waste Land and Russian writer Gorky's Haiyan, describe images figuratively, but they contain rich connotations that life images do not have. Literary image is the product of the sudden collision between the writer's subjective concept and the external objective image. Pound said: "Image is a composite of reason and emotion in an instant." There are three common forms of image generation: intentional image generation, image quotient generation and image generation. For example, the music garden written by Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is an image of "having a sunset shadow in my heart and enjoying the cool in the music garden". I wrote about the unhappiness of the lyric master Gong. "to see the sun, for all his glory, buried by the coming night." The unhappy mood found an objective counterpart, and the sunset and the ancient plain became images. In Du Fu's Spring Hope, although the mountains and rivers are cracked, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation is green again, which triggered his feelings of farewell, produced the images of "tears in flowers" and "birds are surprised", and finally formed the image of the poet "I caress my white hair". It has become too thin, and there is no room for hairpins any more. Image is the combination of "meaning" and "image", and it is the combination of thoughts, feelings and concrete images. In literature and aesthetics, image has two meanings: aesthetic psychological image and aesthetic object image. Aesthetic psychological image: an image that has been formed in the writer's mind before "congealing ink" (materialization). The constituent elements of artistic images in poetry and images with aesthetic implications. The basic characteristics of literary image Literary image is the unity of aesthetic cognition, aesthetic emotion and aesthetic image. As an aesthetic psychological image, the image is vague. As an aesthetic image, image is symbolic. ? What is the difference and connection between image and image? As an aesthetic psychological image, image is the model and foundation of literary image, and literary image is the materialization and externalization of aesthetic image. Literary image is not completely equivalent to aesthetic image (literary image). Images in literary works, especially poems, are often part of literary images, and literary images are the combination of aesthetic images. Due to the repeated use of some aesthetic images, a stable image system of a national poem or literature has been formed. Image, artistic conception and image of ancient poetry? Chapter one: Images in ancient poetry? What does the first picture mean? Images in classical poetry are subjective emotional images with the help of objective images (such as mountains, rivers, vegetation, etc.), which we call "images". Image is an image in the mind, a unique image created by objective images through the poet's emotional activities, and a concrete artistic image with more subjective colors, which is different from the original state of life and can be perceived by people. That is, "scenery" in "borrowing scenery to express emotion" or "things" in "expressing ambition" The poet's choice and description of images is the expression of the author's subjective feelings. Images often contain rich meanings, complex emotions, profound philosophies and strong subjective colors of poets. Their objective "image" and subjective "meaning" are isomorphic, forming an aesthetic image. We always begin to understand the image of poetry by feeling it. The ability to capture "meaning" and "image" is the core artistic feeling ability in poetry appreciation. Most images are attached to words or phrases. A poem can have two or more images, such as "Lonely boat-Li Weng" and "Louchuan-Night Snow-Guazhoudu". There is also a poem that contains only one image, such as "This constellation has its seven high stars". There are various images: there are descriptive (static) images, such as "lonely boat" and "Li Weng"; There are narrative (dynamic) images, such as "the clouds break", "the moon comes" and "flowers make a shadow"; There are figurative ones, such as "How much leisure do you ask?" Yichuan smoke, full of wind, plum yellow rain "; There are also symbolic images, such as vanilla and beauty in Qu Yuan's works. ? The combination of images in the second quarter? Images are some concrete and tiny units that make up poetry. Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" is composed of nine images connected into a sunset scroll, which reflects the wandering wanderers' yearning for their homeland in the autumn suburbs filled with cold breath and gloomy colors. Images such as withered vines, old trees, faint crows, ancient roads and thin horses all convey the author's worries about travel. The three images of "The waning moon in the wind by the Liu Yang" outline the weeping willows, the breeze and the twilight of the waning moon. These most touching images merge together to form a bleak and unbearable artistic conception, which vividly expresses the author's sad parting worry. Several images, such as "the boat snows at night, the Guazhou ferry crosses the river, and the iron horse is scattered in the autumn wind", describe the scene of repelling the nomads, which not only shows the great strength of the people in the Southern Song Dynasty to defend their homeland, but also reflects the author's ambition to recover the Central Plains. ? In Tang and Song poetry, poets often use images such as white clouds, green hills, sky and empty mountains to express a distant, clean and plain artistic conception. Like the following poem:? The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. (Yellow Crane Tower, Cui Hao)? Where to go in the sunset, there is a sad mist on the river waves. (ditto)? But go to Mofu and ask, Baiyun never ends there (Wang Wei's farewell)? Through artistic means, the author combines the empty and diluted atmosphere with people's cheerful, bright, elegant, silent and simple state of mind, thus forming an artistic conception with a long and hazy tone. For example, in Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower, the author's carefree attitude towards life and "a thousand years of empty clouds" have formed an indescribable artistic realm. ? ② Use the juxtaposition of images instead of actions and plots to reveal the logical relationship, or use the juxtaposition and superposition of several groups of subject-predicate phrases and verb-object words to reflect the picture sense of poetry. Being able to receive "loud and sparse sounds, elephants are invisible" gives people great imagination. For example:? There is a lonely village at the foot of the mountain and a lonely plateau on the horizon. A swallow flies back to the alley, and Mr. Wu or Liu faces the door. (Wang Wei's seven pastoral songs)? There are no verbs in the whole poem, which is purely the juxtaposition of spatial images, but it can create a spacious and ethereal artistic conception. As Xue Xue said in "A Spoon of Poetry", "There is no need to use idle words as auxiliary words when writing poetry, and natural images are enough." ? In fact, there are many such examples, which can be said to be too numerous to mention. Another example: I should think of you in a cloud, so I think of me in the sunset (Li Bai's Farewell to Friends), Chunshu in Weibei, Sunset Cloud in Jiangdong (Du Fu's Spring Billion Li Bai), Jeep March Grass, Wan Li Heart (Jia Zhi's Yueyang Tower Banquet), a few lines of tears in Qingshan, and Haiqiong Scale (Liu Changqing's Climbing over the Pavilion after Responsibility). ? Section 3: Traditional image? In ancient poetry, repeated images are often used to express specific interests and meanings, which represent the emotional experience of the nation and human beings. Therefore, these images have relatively fixed meanings. Familiarity with the traditional colors of images is helpful for us to understand poetic images. Such as "Mei", because of the repeated use of ancient poets, this image has fixed the interest of being pure, noble and proud of snow and frost. The image of "bird" is often related to the love and marriage between men and women. Images such as sunset, sunset glow, autumn and running water represent the shortness of life and the passage of time. The moon can miss home, the stars can spread hatred, and the water is not only sad; Pine stands for firmness, lotus and orchid stands for nobility, chrysanthemum stands for seclusion, and bamboo stands for robustness; Songao snow fights frost and has the ambition of Lingyun. Indus is a symbol of desolation and sadness. Peach blossom symbolizes beauty, while Huayang has the meaning of dispersion and drifting; Willow is gentle and frivolous, saying goodbye to the distant future. Swan, steed and Dapeng refer to ambitious people, phoenix and loyal saints. Cuckoo is a symbol of desolation and sadness, expressing the yearning for home. Partridges and cicadas can make people leave their worries and travel far away, and Hongyan means faith. Baqiao water is mostly related to farewell; Sunset, west wind and afterglow not only represent personal ups and downs, but also represent the vicissitudes of history. Autumn wind often foretells homesickness, while Three Chapters of Yangguan mostly describes the friendship of old friends, while Guan Shanyue and Plum Blossom Fall are related to homesickness. Du Kang is synonymous with wine, Jia Sheng and Qu Yuan refer to people without talent, and Tao Zhu refers to wealthy businessmen. Harp means harmony between husband and wife, friendship between brothers and friends. The "image" that often appears in classical poetry and its symbolic significance: 1, tree class? Tree's career, ups and downs of life, smooth sailing? Yellow leaves wither, mature, and beauty wither? The vitality, hope and vitality of green leaves? Is the pine and cypress firm, proud, strong and full of vitality? Bamboo is upright and positive? Is Wutong miserable, pregnant and hard to find a bosom friend? Liu and Yang's farewell, retention, nostalgia and sadness? 2. flowers and plants? Flowers are full of hope, youth and life? Flowers fall and fade, frustrated, frustrated, cherish spring, nostalgia? Is chrysanthemum quiet, noble, refined and lofty? Mei Aoxue, lofty, strong and unyielding? Huayang's parting, separation, dispersion and drifting? Ian Gao Jie? Peach blossoms are brilliant, ancient and auspicious, and love is wishful thinking? Peony is rich, beautiful, endless and promising? Lotus is noble, refined, reserved and lofty? Is the maple leaf sad and bleak? Grass is desolate, remote, hateful and humble? What was the rise and fall of my country in the past? 3. animals? Sub-rules are sad? Ape's ideal, pursuit? Yu Hong's ideal and pursuit? Sparrows are mean and mediocre? Fish are free? Loneliness, nostalgia, nostalgia, news, news? Eagle's power, freedom and life struggle? Dog, chicken, rural life? Ma Benteng, Pursuit, Wandering? Crow teapot man, vulgar man, depressed, different? Sha Ou fell, sad, lonely, lonely? Swallows are spring, peaceful and homesick? Mandarin ducks in pairs, longing for beautiful love? Xia Chan loves life, is it sublime? Qiu Chan, cold cicada, sad autumn, bleak, sad, sad phoenix sage is a gentleman, noble character? Peacock is beautiful and auspicious? Peacock is sad, desolate and lonely alone? 4. Wind, frost, rain, snow and water clouds? Vast sea, strength, depth and momentum? Rough life, treacherous Jianghu? The passage of time, short years, long sadness, historical development trend? Haze hazy bleak, future confusion, disillusionment, light rain, spring, hope, vitality, omission, subtle enlightenment? The cruelty of rainstorm, enthusiasm, political struggle, the power to eliminate evil and the power to cleanse filth? Open-minded, happy and hopeful spring breeze? Is the east wind beautiful in spring? Is the west wind lonely, melancholy, declining and drifting? First frost's life is easy to get old, the social environment is bad, evil forces are rampant, and his life is bumpy and frustrated? Snow is pure and beautiful? The snowstorm environment is bad and evil forces are rampant? That life is short and fleeting? Floating clouds, wandering? 5. implements? Jade is noble and refined? What is the official position and reputation? Lonely, lonely, frustrated, down and out, desolate? 5. Music tunes? "Guan Shanyue" signed the defense of leaving? Is the plum blossom falling lonely, cold and desolate? "Colorful feathers" cheer and whitewash? The beautiful sound of backyard flowers and the hatred of national subjugation? "Yangliuqiu" bid farewell to nostalgia and miss recruiting people? "Difficult to Go" The world is difficult, and parting is sad? 6. Other categories? Heroes admire, shame sighs? Is the villain contemptuous, conscious, introspective and lashing? Ancient monuments, homesickness and ambition, past prosperity and present decline? Rural homesickness, suppressed customs, rural scenery, life breath, simplicity and beauty, ease and tranquility? The perfect regret of the moon's life, homesickness, homesickness? The sunset is lost, cherish the beautiful and short-lived things? Small world, short life, broad mind and emotional loneliness? Is wine joyful, proud, frustrated and sad? Strong brother homesick, homesick, bitter? The rock is firm, single-minded and strong? Long Pavilion Farewell to Sorrow Chapter II Artistic Conception of Ancient Poetry? What does the artistic conception mean in the first section? "Meaning" refers to the author's subjective feelings, and "environment" refers to the life picture created by the author, which is mainly based on scenery. "Artistic conception" is an intriguing artistic realm created by combining the author's thoughts, feelings and life scenes. It is an artistic image with a blend of scenes, which is the result of the author's creation and the reader's imagination. Poets often combine a series of related images to form an artistic conception with specific significance. Appreciating the artistic conception should start with the scenery and scenes described by the author and grasp the thoughts and feelings that the author runs through. In some lyric poems describing scenery, image is the object, and image is the artistic realm formed by the combination of these objects. Images are some concrete and tiny units that constitute poetry, and artistic conception has a wide range, usually referring to the realm formed by the whole poem, which is an integral whole, and artistic conception is an important manifestation of poetic artistic achievements. ? Artistic conception is an aesthetic category tempered from China's lyrical literary creation tradition. Ancient poetics, also known as "realm", refers to a comprehensive artistic atmosphere formed by the integration of the life picture depicted in the works and the thoughts and feelings expressed, so that the appreciator can be infected by thoughts and feelings through imagination and association or get a beautiful feeling, such as being on the scene. What are the types of artistic conception in the second quarter? In the creation of artistic conception, the picture may be magnificent, such as "the desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen"; ? Or quiet, such as "moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream"; ? Or depressed and lonely, such as "wild trees, clear water and near the moon!" ; ? Or harmony and tranquility, such as "the sunset lingers at the ferry, and the midnight snack-kitchen smoke floats from the houses"; ? Or open and desolate, such as "a thousand miles of smoke and dusk, isolated city closed"; ? Or lofty and vast, such as "sunset lonely Qi Fei, autumn waters * * * sky color". ? There are four groups of concepts in the common expression scheme of artistic conception:? Broad-desolate, vigorous, vast, lofty, magnificent and far-reaching? Exquisite-ethereal, lingering, quiet, beautiful, quiet, euphemistic, hazy? Complex-colorful, warm, sonorous, prosperous, simple and noisy? Cold-dim, dim, sparse, depressed, desolate, cold? The creation of artistic conception in the third quarter? The artistic conception of poetry is the objective world described by the poet with a unique spiritual feeling, which blends into the poet's emotion. It is the perfect unity of subjective emotion and objective external things. Creating beautiful artistic conception is the poet's goal, and mastering the method of creating poetic artistic conception is an important link in appreciating poetry. There are three main ways to create the artistic conception of classical poetry. ? First, integrate into the scene? The ancients said that "all scenery words are love words" is this method. The author puts subjective feelings, namely "meaning", all in the description of objective scenery, namely "environment". Of course, the scenery written by the author is not an objective scenery, but a perceptual spiritual scene. Appreciators need to feel the scenery in the poem, and then understand the feelings. For example, Zhang Ji's "a night-mooring near maple bridge": "On a frosty night, Jiang Feng sleeps while fishing. Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, passenger ships are ringing at midnight. " Although the whole poem doesn't express feelings directly, the ethereal spirit of "the moon is falling and the sky is full of frost", the melancholy of "Jiang Feng fishing for fire and sleeping" and the loneliness of "the midnight bell knocking on the passenger ship" convey the loneliness and sadness of the wanderer wandering in a foreign country. The writing method of blending scenes can make poems meaningful and memorable. ? Second, borrow the scenery to match the scenery? The contrast can be divided into positive contrast and negative contrast, and it is also often used to create the artistic conception of classical poetry. In poetry, there are both the expression of feelings and the description of scenery; Scenery writing is to contrast lyricism and strengthen the appeal of poetry. For example, Li Bai's "Xia Sai Qu": "Snow in May Mountain is cold without flowers. The soldiers fought the enemy in the golden drum during the day and slept in the saddle at night. Spring can only be imagined in the flute "Folding Willow", but it has never been seen in reality. I would like to put my sword under my waist and cut Loulan straight. " The first six sentences of the poem strongly exaggerate the harsh environment and hard conditions of the frontier fortress, in order to contrast the soldiers' strong patriotic feelings of "willing to cut the sword on their waist and chop the loulan" For example, Liu Yuxi's Autumn Poems: "Every autumn has been lonely since ancient times. I say autumn is better than spring. On the clear sky and the clouds, it brings poetry to Bixiao. " The description of the vigorous crane in the last two sentences of the poem is just to set off the lofty sentiments of "autumn is crisp since ancient times, and I say autumn is better than spring". ? Third, support things and express your heart? Sing things first, create a complete and sensible image, and use it to express your feelings. The difference between the above two methods is that it is not simply to write about the scenery, but to express some feelings by shaping an image as a whole symbol. For example, Li Shangyin's "Willow": "I once danced with Dongfeng and enjoyed a trip to the Spring Garden. How can I bring the sunset and cicada to the clear autumn! " The author expresses his feelings about life experience and self-harm by shaping the image of a willow tree that is happy in spring and sad in autumn. Another example is Jia Dao's "the legendary swordsman": "After ten years of grinding a sword, the frost knife has never been tried. I'll show you today. Who is wronged? " By portraying a chivalrous figure who is free from violence, the author expresses his political ambition of promoting advantages and eliminating disadvantages and making contributions. ? Classical poetry is extensive and profound. Understanding the creative method of poetic artistic conception is like getting a key to open the door of poetic art? Chapter three: the image of ancient poetry? What is the meaning of the first section image? Generally speaking, images in ancient poems include object images and subject images. The so-called images refer to the objects deliberately depicted by the author in his poems, such as beautiful scenery, thought-provoking monuments and intriguing things. , that is, the object that leaves a deep impression on the author or causes the author to think deeply or feel deeply; The subject image refers to the author's self-image with strong subjective color hidden under the object image. In fact, poetry often pays more attention to god than form, and the subject image appears and disappears from time to time, but it is a direct expression of poetry thoughts and feelings, while the object image is often clearly presented to readers, but it is an interpretation of the subject image and can also be said to be the carrier of poetry thoughts and feelings. To read and appreciate ancient poetry, we must rely on imagination and association, read it repeatedly, grasp the object image of poetry, get the feeling of being there, and then deeply understand what poetry implies or inspires readers, and grasp the subject image, so as to understand the thoughts and feelings of poetry. ? What are the characters in narrative poems? This poem, which is caused by events, is called the poem of feeling things. The object image of this kind of poetry is what is written. When appreciating it, we must find the combination of what is written in the poem and the author's feelings, that is, the subject image, in order to grasp the feelings expressed by the poet. This kind of poetry focuses on expressing feelings, so the author does not focus on objectively and calmly describing what he has written, but clearly expresses his feelings directly. For example, "When I asked Yu why he lived in the blue mountains, I laughed but didn't answer his heart. Peach blossoms have all flowed away, and there is no heaven and earth. " (Li Bai's "Questions and Answers in the Mountains") The poet described a leisurely and charming mountain life through the narration of questions and answers in the mountains. Its nature, tranquility and leisure are intoxicating. The following discussion reveals the poet's carefree mood beyond reality, showing his love for freedom, optimistic and cheerful personality and cynical feelings, and the perfect combination of subject and object images. The third section, what is the image of the hero in lyric poetry? The hero of lyric poetry is the poet himself. What are the common lyric hero images? 1, don't admire the image of powerful people, be bold and free, arrogant and unassuming. For example, Li Bai. "An Neng can ruin my eyebrows and make me unhappy" shows his thoughts of being indifferent to wealth and despising powerful people, and also reflects his arrogant and conceited character. ? 2. the image of worrying about the country and the people. Such as Du Fu. "There are thousands of spacious buildings in Qian Qian, and the poor in the world are happy." Alas, suddenly seeing this house in front of me, it is enough for me to freeze to death alone. "Poets don't just stay in personal sorrow, but can push themselves and others, showing the character of caring for the country and the people. ? 3. The image of a hermit who cares for mountains and rivers and lives in seclusion in the countryside. Such as Tao Yuanming. " "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" shows a leisurely seclusion life, showing poets' aversion to officialdom and love for the countryside, such as Wang Wei. "Mountain in Autumn Night" expresses its love for landscape scenery by describing the scene of empty mountains and new rain in late autumn. 4. The image of talent and ambition. Like Chen Ziang. On the tower of Youzhou, it says: I didn't see the king of the saint, and after that, I didn't see the teacher of the saint. I feel sad and cry at the thought of the vast universe. It created the image of an intellectual who had no intention to serve the country and the people, but he failed to display his talents. 1 ? 5, determined to serve the country, generous and cynical image. Many of Lu You's and Xin Qiji's poems reflect their feelings of loyalty to the monarch and serving the country without being reused, which are vivid. Such as Xiuzi, The Wind and Cloud of November 4th and Broken Array. ? 6, friends farewell, miss the image of hometown. For example, Li Bai's A Gift for Wang Lun and Wang Wei's A Holiday in the Mountain Thinking of My Shandong Brothers. ? 7, dedicated to the frontier fortress, against the image of conquering. For example, William Wang's "Liangzhou Ci" and Wang Changling's "Out of the Frontier" show their loyalty to the country and dedication to the frontier fortress. Du Fu's Car Shop observes people's sufferings and opposes war. ? 8. The image of love and hate. For example, Liu Yong's "Yulinling" describes the infinite sadness when leaving the woman he loves and the continuous affection of acacia after leaving, and creates an artistic image of love and hate. Section IV: What are the scenery images of landscape poems? The object image of landscape poetry mainly refers to scenery, or magnificent landscape, or lifelike flowers, trees and pastoral scenery. However, the author not only shows these images, but also expresses his feelings through the description of the scenery. Once the natural scenery is absorbed into the poet's pen, it will inevitably bring the poet's subjective feelings. Generally speaking, lyric poems about scenery mostly express the love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland, the pursuit of a better life, the yearning for relatives in hometown, or the sadness for personal life through the description of the object image. This lyric poet image is the main image of this poem. For example, "an old friend stays in the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and fireworks go down to Yangzhou in March. Sailing alone in the blue sky, I can see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky. " (Li Bai's "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou") Through the description of fireworks in March and lonely sails in the blue sky, people are reluctant to part with their sadness and yearning, and they have shaped a subject image standing by the river, overlooking the distance and unwilling to leave for a long time, thus showing the friendship between poets and friends.