Description:
The review lesson plan for this topic consists of three sub-lesson plans, each of which has one lesson: the general lecture plan for the topic; How to grasp the image of poetry; How to taste the language of poetry and appreciate the expressive skills of poetry.
First, the teaching plan of the general lecture on the appreciation of classical poetry
Teaching objectives:
A. Make clear the requirements of the examination outline and distinguish the key points of review;
B, build a knowledge network related to classical poetry to cultivate and strengthen students' appreciation foundation;
C, summarize the rules of college entrance examination questions, predict the trend of classical poetry appreciation questions in 23, and put forward a targeted preparation strategy
Teaching focus: building a network and system of classical poetry appreciation and related knowledge
Teaching difficulties: summarizing the rules and predicting the trend;
teaching method: based on perceptual materials, with rational sublimation as the fulcrum, supported by a large number of materials, discuss, evaluate, link and conclude;
Pre-diagnosis supplement:
Question: What are the characteristics of classical poetry appreciation topics in college entrance examination over the years?
The appreciation of classical poetry in college entrance examination in recent ten years
1994 was Yuan Zhen's Chrysanthemum;
1995 was Li Qingzhao's Dream;
1996 was a Yuan Song that chanted history and expressed ambition;
In p>1997, Liu Yuxi's Wangdongting and Yong Tao's Tijunshan appeared in the form of comparative reading.
In p>1998, it was Jia Dao's titled Li Ning's Living in a Seclusion;
In p>1999, Du Fu's Man Cheng Yi was examined.
The topic of the college entrance examination in p>2 was "The Guest" written by Zhao Shixiu, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty.
21 was Wei Yingwu's a farewell in the evening rain to li zhou;
In p>22, the college entrance examination examined Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night".
Clear: Inventory 1. The classical poetry college entrance examination questions over the years are all selected from Tang and Song poems, which have classic and standardized characteristics; The forms of examination mainly include objective questions and subjective questions, which are transformed from objective questions to subjective questions;
Inventory 2. The college entrance examination questions over the years are all modern poems, and most of them are short and pithy quatrains, and no ancient poems or other forms of poems are selected in one year;
Inventory III. Stress avoidance in selecting materials: 1. Don't choose well-known works, so as not to provide opportunities for guessing questions; 2. Difficult and obscure people will not be considered;
Inventory IV. Appreciated poems are all selected from extracurricular activities. Therefore, reading a considerable number of extracurricular classical poems is the premise of doing a good job in appreciation.
Teaching process:
1. Clarify the requirements of the syllabus: (writing on the blackboard)
1. Appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works;
2. Evaluate the ideological content of literary works and the author's viewpoint and attitude;
Second, build a knowledge network
[1] Question: What are the common knowledge to appreciate, and how to refine and interpret the examination outline?
blackboard writing: terminology, refinement and interpretation
nudge:
1. The image of literary works is a "character image" for novels, an artistic conception for prose and poetry, and a dramatic conflict reflected by dramatic characters for drama. Among them, for narrative poetry, "people" and "things" are images; For lyric poetry, the image is the lyric hero, and for poetry that writes scenery, the "scenery" and "things" in poetry are the image of poetry.
2. Expression skills of literary appreciation works
Summary: The expression skills of literary works have three levels:
(1) Rhetoric methods (blackboard writing): metaphor, personification, rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions, metonymy, duality, exaggeration, foil, allusion, translation, intertextuality, repetition, etc.
(2) Expression: (blackboard writing):
Expression (blackboard writing):
Narration, discussion, description and lyricism.
lyric can be divided into direct lyric; Indirect lyricism (borrowing scenery to express emotion, supporting things to express ambition; Scenes blend).
description: the combination of static and dynamic, the combination of reality and reality, the combination of point and surface, the combination of light and shade, the combination of front and side, rough brushwork and meticulous brushwork; Le Jing writes mourning and mourning for Syaraku;
methods of literary expression (blackboard writing):
Fu, Bi and Xing; Suppress changes, elaborate descriptions, and symbolize associations.
(3) Text structure (writing on the blackboard): the first sentence is aimed at the target, straight to the point, the writing is focused on the topic, the individual chapter shows his ambition, the sentiment is tied with the scene, the total score is appropriate, the small is seen as the big, the layers are deepened, the transition is taken care of, and the foreshadowing is made.
3. The ideological content of literary works includes two levels:
Writing on the blackboard: Ideological content
1 Writing personal experiences and improvising content (writing on the blackboard).
The main expressions and expressions are as follows:
To express one's aspiration by chanting things, expressing one's feelings about things, cherishing the guest's heart, cherishing the spring, hurting oneself and dying late, homesickness of wanderers, strange trees in always in my heart and love poems;
(2) Describing the rise and fall of the country and the sufferings of the people (writing on the blackboard)
Patriotic poems about frontier wars, reminiscing about the past, and worrying about the country and the people
** The author's views and attitudes also include two levels:
① Attitude: sympathy, praise and admiration; Disdain, disgust and indifference
② Tendencies: people's nature, feudalism, democracy and despotism
Historicity: historical materialism and historical idealism
Hint: this process is extremely important, and it plays a guiding role in the whole appreciation process. Otherwise, students will feel like tigers eat the sky and have no way to start when doing such problems.
For example, the following is Wang Changling's "Five Poems on Long Letter and Autumn" (Part I). After reading it, answer the question
The autumn leaves of the phoenix tree in Jinjing are yellow, and the bead curtain does not roll the frost at night.
The jade pillow in the smoking cage has no color, and it is long to lie down and listen to the Nangong.
A, the poem is titled "Autumn Ci", so what scenes did the author write in the poem? What is the function?
B, what kind of characters have been created by poetry? Please make a brief analysis.
C. What are the differences in conception, conception and expression of this poem?
From the title of this poem, we can see that it examines the image, language and expression skills of the poem and the author's thoughts and attitudes respectively, and the title limb is well designed and scientific, with good detection function. And making clear the specific content of the test center has a strong orientation and positioning function for correctly answering the questions of poetry appreciation. This also confirms the importance of the interpretation of test sites from another angle.
[ Attachment: Brief Analysis] This poem about palace grievances uses profound and subtle brushstrokes, and uses scenery to express feelings, to write a girl who is deprived of her youth, freedom and happiness, and lies alone in a desolate and lonely palace, listening to the scene of palace leakage. The first three sentences are about scenery, and the last one is about people. Scenery plays the role of rendering colors and setting off the atmosphere. There is not a word of resentment in the whole poem, but there are grievances everywhere in the poem.
[2], the classification of college entrance examination questions and the analysis of proposition trends,
Question design: What is the classification of college entrance examination questions?
Clear: Looking at the college entrance examination questions for more than ten years, according to the content of poetry performance, it can be divided into the following three situations:
1. Poems about objects. (blackboard writing) The college entrance examination in 1994 was entitled "Chrysanthemum" by Yuan Zhen; Yu Shinan's "Cicada" was the examination question of the college entrance examination in spring of 2. Through the two poems, we can grasp the characteristics of object-chanting poems from a macro perspective and master the laws and methods of reading such poems; In order to draw inferences from others and better guide the review and preparation of senior three Chinese. Please look at the work:
"Chrysanthemum" Yuan Zhen
Autumn bushes are like Taoists, and they are increasingly inclined around the fence.
It's not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, and there are no flowers in bloom.
"Cicada" Yu Shinan
Drinks the dew, and makes the water flow. Cicadas are far from the cicada because of the cicada in the high tree, not rely on the autumn wind.
Question: (1) The two poems are about "chrysanthemum" and "cicada" respectively, so is the author's intention to describe the situation?
Cuddle: Although the two poems are titled "Chrysanthemum" and "Cicada", the drunkard's intention is not wine, but one word means another. It is "don't have something to send" and has other sustenance. For example, "Chrysanthemum" expresses the poet's own noble and flawless character through the noble quality of chrysanthemum. In "Cicada", Yu Shinan uses the cicada that "drinks dew high" to express his kind of "not false words of good history", instead of relying on "the power of the east wind", he shows the world with his extraordinary image of "drinking dew from the dead": people who stand tall and clean do not need the help of the outside world, and they can enjoy their fame far and wide.
(2) How is the image of the author revealed in the two poems?
Comments: In the poem, the author seems to be detached from the image of the poem "Chrysanthemum" and "Cicada", but in fact, it is in "This flower is more flowerless"; In the sound of cicadas, we can fully appreciate the author's lofty moral integrity of "self-description, self-metaphor and self-comparison".
Similarly, when setting the options for the college entrance examination questions in 1994 and 2, they also closely followed the style of "chanting things" and made propositions from the aspects of image and skills.
Summary: Poetry about objects has two characteristics:
① It is entrusted by objects and expressed by objects. Or send the sorrow of its people and the worry of the country; Or write about his feelings of being incompetent and dying in autumn.
② is borrowed, which is not only the embodiment of the author's ideal, purport and moral integrity, but also the carrier of the theme and image of the work. When reviewing, we will get twice the result with half the effort if we can start with the characteristics of "chanting things" for similar poems.
2. chant epic poems (writing on the blackboard).
Please read Du Mu's "Bo Qinhuai"
The smoke cage is cold and the moon is full of sand, and the night is near Qinhuai restaurant.
The businesswoman doesn't know the national subjugation and hate, but Gejiang still sings "backyard flowers".
In p>1996, the national college entrance examination question "Shui Long Yin"
Who is the hero in the world? There is wine near the river, and it is horizontal to Cao Gong. Purple cover yellow flag, more should be borrowed, Chibi Dongfeng.
I was even more shocked by Wolong in Nanyang, and I became famous. In the Eight Arrays, I scored three points, one for West Shu and one for Jiangdong.
Question: Please talk about the characteristics of epic poems about these two poems.
Clear: Poetry-chanting has the following characteristics: (writing on the blackboard: characteristics)
(1), borrowing the past to hurt the present, borrowing the past to satirize the present;
(2), poetry has a strong realistic pertinence;
(3) The "people, things, scenery and things" in poetry are just the "media" and catharsis for the author to express his feelings and his own thoughts on history. Therefore, there is a certain distance between the scenery or other people and things in epic poems and the people and things in reality, and they are all "scenes with me", which are used to convey the author's certain ideas and emotions.
Let's analyze these two poems.
Comments: Literally, it is written as "Sleeping at Qinhuai at night", and on the surface, the author seems to point his criticism at the "business woman" who doesn't know the "national subjugation and hatred", but this is actually a melody. Because what a businesswoman sings is decided by the dignitaries and nobles. Therefore, the word "still singing" brings history, reality and imaginary future into the reader's field of vision, which is full of bitter satire, deep sorrow and infinite emotion, and more sober about worrying about state affairs. In this way, readers can have a real feeling about the political corruption in the late Tang Dynasty by reading the poems. Similarly, the examination of Shui Long Yin in 1996 also reflected the author's feelings and thoughts on the heroes in the Three Kingdoms period through the setting of interference items. It can be seen that the focus of the detection of epic poems is also on "borrowing from the past" and "satirizing the present" and "hurting the present".
3. Improvised writing (blackboard writing).
Cue: Let's first look at the frequency of this kind of poetry appearing in the college entrance examination:
In p>1995, Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream" expressed the sad mood of a boudoir woman in late spring; In 1997, the college entrance examination examined the beauty of Dongting Lake and Junshan Mountain in the form of comparative appreciation by Liu Yuxi and Yong Tao. The topic of the college entrance examination in 1998 was Jia Dao's "Li Ning's seclusion", which expressed his yearning for seclusion by describing Li Ning's seclusion environment. In 1999, Du Fu's "Man Cheng Yi" tested the examinee's ability to comprehend the tranquil and peaceful artistic conception of the moonlit night on the river described in the poem. In 2, Zhao Shixiu, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote "The Guest", which is to examine the examinee's appreciation of the classic detail "Knocking a chess piece at random and falling in snuff" and then test the examinee's accomplishment of understanding the implicit poetic style; In 21, Wei Yingwu's a farewell in the evening rain to li zhou examined the scene of parting and the feeling of farewell; In 22, the subjective test was Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night".
It can be seen that this kind of poetry has the highest frequency in college entrance examination questions.
Question: What are the characteristics of impromptu poems in college entrance examination questions?
Clarity: Two points stand out: First, most of the famous writers of famous schools in the Tang and Song Dynasties, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Jia Dao, Wei Yingwu, Liu Yuxi, etc., are examined, and the four limbs of appreciation are all-round tests from the aspects of language, image, skills and theme, and the writers' works are not repeated; Second, the principle of selecting materials is not to avoid vulgar customs. Dream as a Dream examines always in my heart, a girl who is hurt by spring; Wang Dongting, Tijunshan and Man Cheng Yi, written by Du Fu, are all beautiful mountains and rivers; the more solemn ones are "Smelling flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night", "a farewell in the evening rain to li zhou" and "TiLi Ning's seclusion". As for "The Guest", it has written all the details of living in seclusion. However, in the preparation for senior three, the patriotic "strong words" that most teachers and students pay close attention to have never appeared. This also gives us useful inspiration for preparing for the exam in senior three this year. In the preparation for the review in 23, we still need to get cold and avoid heat.
Third, the examination form and prediction of classical poetry appreciation in college entrance examination
Question:
(1) What are the main examination forms of classical poetry appreciation in college entrance examination?
induction and clarification: there are three main ways to examine classical poetry in the college entrance examination in recent ten years:
1. to judge the meaning of words and sentences in classical poetry; In 1997 and 1998, the examination questions were about the translation ability of poems and sentences and the comprehension ability of poems.
2. Choose the proposer's aesthetic judgment as a third party, because the limb selection of college entrance examination questions is not the aesthetic experience and emotional verification of candidates, but only as a "judge" who looks on coldly to make a right or wrong choice. Except for 22, the rest are almost all in this way.
3. Examining the aesthetic judgment level and ability of the examinee's classical poetry in a subjective way. Form of college entrance examination in 22 and 23.
(2) Prediction of the form of classical poetry appreciation questions in the 24 college entrance examination:
Question: How will the classical poetry appreciation questions appear in this year's college entrance examination?
Clear:
1. The test questions will not be "returned" again like the appreciation of new poems, and the examination in the form of objective questions will not appear before 22.
2. The examination questions of classical poetry appreciation in 24 may appear in the following two ways:
a. In 22, the examination form with the image, language, expression skills and ideological content of the works as the main purpose;
B, the college entrance examination in 24 may also take a new form, that is, writing an appreciation essay.
Example: Read the following Tang poem and write a paragraph of about 1 words to describe the psychological activities of a boudoir.
always in my heart Shen Rujun
It is difficult to send all the books to geese, but it is impossible to worry and dream. May the lonely moon shine on Fubo camp.
Note: "Fubo" refers to Ma Yuan, a general of the later Han Dynasty. He made contributions to the south and was awarded the title of Hou. In Tang poetry, "Fubo camp" is often used to refer to the military camp where the recruiter is located.
clear: at night, the bright moon is in the sky. Living alone, she imagined giving her husband an affectionate letter by the foot of a wild goose; However, there is no one to pass the book, which adds to the infinite sadness. This melancholy has stirred up