Shakespeare's Four Tragedies: Hamlet

Shakespeare's four tragedies: Hamlet _ Othello _ King Lear _ Macbeth Shakespeare is famous not only in the history of English literature, but also in the world and China. William shakespeare is the most outstanding dramatist in the history of English literature, one of the most outstanding writers in the history of western literature and one of the most outstanding writers in the world. His handed down works include 38 plays, 155 sonnets, two narrative poems and other poems. His plays have been translated into major languages and performed far more times than other dramatists. Shakespeare is the soul of the English Renaissance, and their works often reflect the soul of an era. Shakespeare's four tragedies are well known to the world and must-see masterpieces in primary and secondary schools. But obscure political themes may not be understood by children. Look at Shakespeare's four tragedies with me. Shakespeare's four tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth's four comedies: A Midsummer Night's Dream, Everybody is Happy, Twelfth Night and The Merchant of Venice. Hamlet (English: Hamlet), also known as Revenge of the Prince, was written by Shakespeare in 65438+. It is customary to call this play, Macbeth [1], King Lear and Othello together as Shakespeare's "four great tragedies". In the play, Uncle claudette murdered King Hamlet, fled to the throne and married the king's widow Gertrude. Prince Hamlet took revenge on his uncle for his father. The script depicts in detail the disguised and real madness-from grief to feigned anger-and discusses the themes of betrayal, revenge, incest and depravity. Hamlet is the longest of Shakespeare's plays and one of the most powerful and influential plays in English literature, and it seems to be "constantly told and adapted by others". [2] This play is one of the most popular plays in Shakespeare's life, and has been at the top of the performance of the Royal Shakespeare Company since 1879. [3] Drama has influenced many writers, including Goethe, James Joyce, Iris Murdoch, etc. It is called "the drama that is most often put on the screen after Cinderella". Shakespeare's Hamlet is from the legend of Amres, from13rd century saxophone Goreme Tis's goesta Danoram, and from16th century by scholar Frances Dee Bell. He may also refer to Hamlet in Elizabethan times. Shakespeare also made actor richard burbage famous. [9] In the next 400 years, the roles in the play were played by famous actors. There are three early editions of the drama, which exist in folio 14, folio 24 and first folio. There are some differences in writing and even the whole play between versions. The structure of the play and the depth of the characters attracted the attention of critics. An example is Hamlet's hesitation in assassinating his uncle. This argument has lasted for centuries: some people think that this is just a delaying tactic of drama, but others think that it complicates the problem between philosophy and morality, and discusses the contradiction between cold-blooded murder, precise revenge and frustrated desire. Recently, psychoanalysts have studied Hamlet's subconscious, and feminists have reanalyzed the marginalized characters Ophelia and Gertrude. The history of Hamlet was written between the summers of 1598 and 1602. The first printed version of this Elizabethan drama masterpiece was called "bad quarto", which was pirated without the author's authorization. Hamlet published in 1974, with 4042 lines and 2955 1, is the longest play written by Shakespeare. Hamlet, the protagonist of the play, is a Danish prince. His classic monologue "To be or not to be, that is the question" (English: to be or not to be; That is, the problem is one of the most popular lines in the history of drama, and it is also a nightmare performance difficulty for many modern actors. In the theater, Hamlet plays one of the most roles in western countries, and also poses great challenges to mature actors, because Hamlet is a fledgling young man in the play. The protagonist of Hamlet, Prince Hamlet, is the prince of Denmark. By seeing my father's ghost outside the city, I know that my father was poisoned by my uncle Claudia. After a stage performance, my uncle claudette was proved to be the murderer of my father ... For revenge, after a painful struggle, he achieved his goal, and the whole palace was plunged into the horror of death. He was finally poisoned by a deadly sword. Claudette, the current Danish king. Hamlet's uncle succeeded to the throne after his brother died. After Hamlet knew that he was the murderer of his father, he tried every means to stop him, and finally died under the poisonous sword of his nephew's revenge. Ghost/Danish King (Ghost)-Hamlet's father became a ghost after his death. Hamlet was abroad when he was poisoned by his brother. Gertrude-Queen of Denmark, the birth mother of the prince. My late king married claudette again after his death. In Shakespeare's time, this relationship was regarded as incest, which caused Hamlet's hatred. She drank the poisoned wine Claudia gave Hamlet by mistake and died on the spot. Bronn Neil (Polonius)-claudette's command minister. He is notoriously stubborn, which hinders the love between Hamlet and his daughter Ophelia. Hamlet always plays dumb to tease him. In order to spy on Hamlet, he hid behind the tapestry, overheard the conversation between Hamlet and the Queen, and was stabbed to death by the prince. Laertes-Bronn Neil's son. Kill Hamlet with the sword and avenge his father and sister. He also died of Hamlet's poisonous sword, although Hamlet didn't realize that the sword was poisonous at that time. O filia, daughter of Bronn Neil. She fell in love with Hamlet, but all kinds of resistance warned the prince that their political status made them hopeless. As part of Hamlet's crazy revenge plan, she was mercilessly abandoned by him. Her father's death made her insane, and finally she fell into the water and drowned. Horatio-Hamlet's good friend in college. He did not directly participate in the conspiracy between the royal families and became the spokesman of Hamlet. Shakespeare used him to set off the plot. Although he threatened to commit suicide, he was the only protagonist who lived to the end of the play. Rosencrantz & Guildernstein)-are all Hamlet's college classmates. They took care of Hamlet at the invitation of claudette. Although they were useless in the play, the prince soon suspected that they were spies. When the king secretly ordered Hamlet to be executed in England, he changed his name. So the two died inexplicably behind the scenes. Fuding Dimbla, Norwegian Prince. There is only one shortcut to this play. His importance lies in that the last line of the whole play seems to symbolize a brighter future and explain the theme of the play. Hamlet's Plot Summary When Prince Hamlet of Denmark was studying at Wittenberg University in Germany, he suddenly received the news of his father's death. When he returned to China to attend the funeral, he met a series of events in which his uncle Claudius ascended the throne and his uncle and his mother Gertrude got married in a hurry one month after his father's funeral, which filled Hamlet with doubts and dissatisfaction. Then, while Horatio and Bernardo were on the alert, the ghost of his father, Old Hamlet, appeared, explaining that he had been poisoned by Claudius and asking Hamlet to avenge himself. Later, Hamlet used to pretend to be crazy to cover himself, and proved that his uncle was really an enemy who killed his father through "in the play and out of the play". Because Hamlet killed Polonius, Ophelia's beloved father by mistake, Claudius tried to get rid of Hamlet by the hand of the king, but Hamlet took the opportunity to escape to Denmark, only to learn that Ophelia committed suicide and had to accept a duel with his brother Laertes. In the duel, Hamlet's mother Gertrude died of poisoning because she accidentally drank the poisoned wine prepared by Claudius for Hamlet. Hamlet and Laertes were both poisoned by swords. Knowing that Hamlet had killed Claudius before he died, she asked her friend Horatio to tell her story to later generations. The legend of Hamlet's origin is widely circulated (such as in Italy, Spain, Byzantium, Arabia and other places), and its core theme "Heroes are fools" may have originated in Indo-Europe. You can find some ancient works before Hamlet. The first book is The Legend of Scandinavian Herolf and Khaki, written by an anonymous person. Among them, the murdered king has two sons-Herlof and Khaki-who remain anonymous in the story, instead of playing the fool as in Shakespeare's plays. The second is the legend of Brutu in Rome, which appeared in two independent Latin works. Lucius, the protagonist of the story, changed his name to brutus (dull) in order to avoid the misfortune of his brothers and sisters, and finally killed the family murderer King Takvin. /kloc-Tolfi, a Nordic scholar in the 7th century, compared the Icelandic hero Amlodi, the Spanish prince Ambarose and Shakespeare's Hamlet. Similar places include the prince pretending to be crazy, accidentally killing the king's minister in his mother's bedroom, and finally killing his uncle. Many earlier legendary elements include Vita Amlethi in13rd century, which is part of goesta Danoram written by Sacks Gremetics. The text of the story is Latin, which reflects the morality and heroism in the classical Roman view and is widely circulated in Shakespeare's era. Important similarities include the prince pretending to be crazy, the mother committing adultery with the usurper, and the prince killing the spy behind him. The Story of the Saxophone was translated into French by Frances Dee Bell forest in 1570 and appeared in his book Historical Tragedy. "Bell forest" beautifies saxophone's writing, basically doubles its length, and narrates the hero's heart. Hamlet comments on history/kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, drama was famous for its ghosts and vivid descriptions of depression and madness, which led to a series of crazy events in James I's and Caroline's plays. Although the play is deeply loved by people and has a large audience, critics in the restoration period of17th century think that Hamlet is too primitive, and its integration degree and etiquette attitude are not standardized. This view was reversed in the 18th century. Critics agreed that Hamlet was a hero-an excellent young man, but he was born at the wrong time. /kloc-In the mid-8th century, Gothic literature influenced psychoanalysis and mysticism, pushing madness and ghosts back to the foreground. It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that critics and actors began to regard Hamlet as a person with confused thinking and inner contradictions. Before that, he was either crazy or not; Either a hero or not; There is no room for manoeuvre in the middle. These developments reflect the fundamental change of literary criticism, that is, paying more attention to characters than plots. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, romantic critics thought that the internal contradictions and personal contradictions in Hamlet reflected the concern for inner struggle and internal characteristics of that era. Similarly, critics began to notice Hamlet's procrastination, believing that it was more than just a writing skill. This analysis of characters' personality characteristics and inner struggles lasted until the twentieth century, and then comments developed in many aspects. The structure of Hamlet is different from that of its contemporaries. For example, in Shakespeare's time, drama usually followed Aristotle's poetics, that is, drama should pay attention to the plot, not the characters. In Hamlet, Shakespeare reversed this rule and focused on the monologue rather than the plot, so that the audience could know Hamlet's motives and thoughts. Except for the "bad" quarto, the play seems to be intermittent and irregular. For example, in the scene of digging a grave, Hamlet seems determined to assassinate claudette: but in the next scene, when claudette reappears, the prince suddenly relents. Scholars are still arguing about this, wondering whether this is a flaw in creation or whether ideological confusion and duality are deliberately added to the theme [89]. Finally, other plays usually last for two hours, and as Shakespeare's longest work, Hamlet, a work with a total of 4042 lines and 2955 1 word, takes more than four hours to complete the performance. Even today, plays are usually performed only in part, and only in film and TV versions are they all performed. Hamlet also used the technique that Shakespeare is good at-the play in the play, that is, it tells the story with another story told in the story. Hamlet, a film related to Hamlet, has been put on the screen many times. Well-known versions (for others, see Hamlet) are: 1948, Revenge of the Prince, a black-and-white film directed and performed by Lawrence Olivier, which won many Oscar awards. 1964, Hamlet, Russian version, directed by Kozintsev and starring Smoktunovski. 1969, Hamlet, the first color version, directed by Tony Richardson and starring Nicol Williamson. 1990, revenge of the prince, directed by Hogan Xue Covini and starring Milu Jixun. 1996, Hamlet, the first feature film version, directed and performed by Jennifer Banner. In 2000, the modern version of Modern Rebellion after Hamlet was directed by Michael Almereyda and starred by ethan hawke. Othello: The moor of Venice is a tragedy written by Shakespeare around 1603. The play is considered to be based on the Italian short story Un Capitano Moro, written by Girardi Chinzio, a disciple of giovanni boccaccio, and published in 1565. The plot revolves around these four characters: Othello, the Moorish army serving in Venice; Wife Desdemona; Captain Cassio; And Iago, the flag officer who lied to his trust. Due to the ups and downs of the drama plot, involving race, love, jealousy and betrayal, Othello is still often performed today and provides the creative basis for many works. Othello character Othello, Moor (black), Venetian general. Desdemona, wife of Othello and daughter of Brabyn Theo. Iago, the standard bearer of Othello, Emilia's husband and villain. Cassio, Othello's adjutant. Iago's wife and Desdemona's maid. Bianca, Cassio's lover. Brabantio, Venetian elder, brother of Gratiano and father of Desdemona. The romantic and wealthy Venetian Roderigo secretly loves Desdemona. Duke of Venice, Gratiano, brother of Brabyn Theo. Lodovico, a relative of Brabyn Theo and a cousin of Desdemona. Montano, the Cypriot governor, Othello's predecessor. The clown, Othello's servant. 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