"Guan Shanyue" is an old topic in Yuefu, which belongs to the cross-blowing song in military music in the western regions. Half of them are used to express the homesickness of frontier fortress soldiers, and the tone is sad and sad. Lu You, on the other hand, uses it to express patriotic and cynical thoughts and feelings, which is rich in content, tragic in artistic conception and extremely creative in art..
The whole poem consists of twelve sentences, and the content can be divided into three paragraphs. The first four sentences are the first paragraph, which describes the serious consequences brought by the ruling class's policy of kneeling and surrendering with great fanfare. In contrast, it condemns the ruling class that only knows pleasure and humiliation. Due to the failure of Zhang Jun's Northern Expedition, he signed a letter with Jin in the first year of Longxing (1 163). When this poem was written, it happened to be fifteen years. The word "He Zhao Rong" ideologically controls the whole poem, pointing out that all problems and consequences come from it. At the beginning of the poem, the target of exposure and condemnation was clearly pointed at the supreme ruler, which showed Lu You's spirit of opposing the compromise and surrender route at that time and his fearless spirit. The generals guarding the frontier should have fought bloody battles, but now they have no chance. The word "empty" contains infinite emotions and anger. The capitulators, who lead a drunken life, are singing and dancing in the deep courtyard of high-rise buildings, but the horses are fat because they don't fight, and the bows and arrows are rotten because they are not used. This scene is a painful scene for a soldier who wants to defend the frontier and restore the Central Plains.
The fourth sentence in the middle is the second paragraph. On the border, Diao Dou's sad voice came from the garrison building, urging the moon to set again and again. The soldiers joined the army in their prime and are now white-haired. But they can neither make contributions to the country nor reunite with their relatives in their hometown. There is nowhere to tell such anguish and indignation, only from the sad flute, but who can really understand it? The bones of those soldiers who died for their country are still lying on the battlefield under Leng Yue. "Who knows" echoes "Empty Photo" from a distance, showing the grief and indignation of the strong men, and at the same time, it is related to the previous paragraph, including angry condemnation of the capitulators.
The last four sentences are the third paragraph. Here, the poet expanded his vision to the occupied areas of the Central Plains, and wrote the people's sad feelings in suffering and their diligent expectations for recovery. At the same time, from the perspective of historical development, he expressed his firm belief in recovering lost land and his strong hatred for the invaders. On the one hand, the author shows his firm confidence that he can't tolerate the occupation of the motherland by foreign rulers, and at the same time, he sadly raises a question: the people in the occupied areas are waiting for the recovery in tears, but when will this wish come true? The poet didn't answer questions, but echoed the first paragraph at a distance. The author's strong love-hate relationship and his sharp criticism are very clear.
The content of this poem summarizes all aspects of Lu You's patriotic poems. It is rich and profound, but its artistic expression is concise and concentrated, which integrates many aspects into a neat and changeable whole, with a desolate and intense voice and a gloomy and tragic style.