Four-character poems are represented by The Book of Songs, and most of the poems in The Book of Songs are four-character poems. For example, Storytelling, the first volume of high school Chinese, is divided into three chapters, each with eight sentences and four words.
After the Book of Songs, people in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties were still writing four-character poems. But these four-character poems are mainly imitated from the Book of Songs, such as Cao Cao's Watching the Sea (the fourth volume of junior middle school Chinese), Gui Si Shou and Short Songs.
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Miscellaneous poems are miscellaneous because of their length. There are more than a dozen words in long sentences and only one word in short sentences. Generally, three, four, five and six words are more common. Because the words and expressions of the miscellaneous poems can be used at will according to the needs of the content, the form is the freest. Miscellaneous poems appeared as early as the Book of Songs, such as Feng Wei Dai Tan. In addition, there are many miscellaneous poems in Han Yuefu, such as Rao Eighteen Songs, which are all miscellaneous poems. Influenced by Yuefu poems, poets in Wei, Jin, Six Dynasties and Tang Dynasty all like to write miscellaneous poems. For example, Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" (the third volume of high school Chinese) has four, five, six, seven and nine sentences.
Miscellaneous poems have various forms, including seven words mixed with five words, five words mixed with seven words, three words mixed with seven words, five words mixed with seven words, and complicated.
Metric poems in Tang dynasty
Metric poetry is a kind of poetry that pays great attention to words, rhyme, tone and antithesis. It is stipulated that poetry should have definite sentences, definite characters in sentences, strict rhymes in flat tones, and the two couplets of metrical poems should be correct. Based on the characteristics of Chinese characters, sounds and tones, and the special requirements of poetry for the beauty of music, form and elegance, it has strong vitality and is endless.
Metric poetry is very strict about temperament. Rhythm includes rhyme and level tone, in which level tone is the most important.
Metric poems are divided into quatrains and metrical poems, all of which are divided into five words and seven words, and metrical poems are also arranged. The view that quatrains are a branch of metrical poems should be said to be incorrect. The quatrains came into being before the metrical poems, and the metrical poems were not fully finalized when they came into being, so there are still ancient quatrains that are illegal, such as the bright line at the foot of my bed.
The definition of words and sentences in metrical poems needs a general understanding. It is worth mentioning that the two couplets in the middle of metrical poems must be opposite. In terms of rhyme, metrical poems are mainly flat rhyme, and the first sentence may or may not rhyme. Other single sentence endings pay attention to the level tone, which is definitely the antonym of the level tone. Then the most difficult thing should be the layering of words in a sentence.
If you look closely, you can still find many similar problems. I hope it helps you, and I wish you success in your studies!