1, Putonghua: Putonghua is a modern standard Chinese with Beijing dialect as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect (Putonghua) as the basic dialect and typical modern vernacular as the grammatical norm.
2. Dialect: The word "dialect" in China is a political concept, but it is actually a "local language", also known as "vernacular", which refers to a language different from the standard language in a certain area. This term does not take into account the kinship between languages.
Second, legal status.
1, Putonghua: The word "Putonghua" appeared in the late Qing Dynasty. The Qing court defined Beijing Mandarin as "Mandarin" in 1909, and the pronunciation of Mandarin was formulated many times during the Republic of China. After the founding of New China, it was stipulated in 1955 that the national common language was Putonghua. In 2000, People's Republic of China (PRC) General Language Law established the legal status of Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters as the national common language.
2. Dialects: Dialects are generally divided into regional dialects and social dialects. Not as a universal language.
Third, the grammar is different.
1, Putonghua: In Putonghua, when a verb is followed by a double object, the object of the referred object comes first and the object of the referred object comes last. Give me a book.
2. Dialect: In some dialects (when the verb means "give"), the word order of double objects is opposite to that of Mandarin. For example, "Give me a book."
Baidu Encyclopedia-Mandarin (modern standard Chinese commonly used by people in China).
Baidu Encyclopedia-Dialect (Linguistic Term)
People's Network-Let Ethnic Minorities in Poverty-stricken Areas Learn Mandarin