A note for the absent.
Author: Jia Dao
When I asked your students under a pine tree, "my teacher," he replied, "went to pick herbs."
However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? .
To annotate ...
(1) Search: Search. Hermit: a hermit, a person who lives in seclusion in the mountains. In ancient times, there was a man who refused to be an official and lived in seclusion between Shan Ye. Generally refers to smart people. Nothing: nothing, nothing.
Boy: No adults, children. This refers to the disciples and students of the hermit.
(3) say: answer.
(4) Cloud depth: refers to the clouds on the mountain. Location: whereabouts, where.
translate
Under the pine tree, I asked the young schoolchildren; He said that the master had gone to the mountains to collect medicine.
He also told me that it was in this mountain, but it was foggy and I didn't know his whereabouts.
Make an appreciative comment
Jia Dao is a poet who is famous for his "thoughtful". It is generally believed that he only works hard on the use of words. In fact, his "scrutiny" is not only focused on hammering words and sentences, but also painstaking in article design. This poem is an example.
There are only twenty crosses in the whole poem. As a lyric poem, it has environment, characters, plots and rich contents. Its mystery lies in the unique application of question and answer. It is not a question and answer, but a few questions and answers, and the question has an answer. The first sentence omits the subject "I". I came to Matsushita, asked the boy, and found that Matsushita was the hermit's residence, and the hermit went out. The topic of "leaving a note for the absent ecluse" has been made clear. When a hermit goes out to ask his "boy", he has to ask something. The question is omitted here, and the answer of the "boy" is written: "The teacher collects medicine." As you can imagine from these four words, Panasonic asked at that time, "Where did the teacher go?" "I" made a special trip to find "hermit", and "hermit" went to collect medicine, so I naturally want to get him back. So he asked the boy, "Where are the herbs?" The poet didn't write this question clearly, but answered it with a teenager who was "but towards which corner of the mountain" and implicitly included the question. The last sentence, "How can I tell through such a cloudy day?" It is the boy who answers the other's questions about whether herbs are collected in front of the mountain, behind the mountain, at the top of the mountain and at the foot of the mountain. Obviously, it takes at least six sentences to express the repeated questions and answers. Jia Dao adopted the method of answering comprehensive questions, simplifying the complex. This kind of "scrutiny" is not between the lines.
However, the success of this poem is not only simple; Simple words are not enough to explain its beauty. Shi Gui is good at lyricism. The lyrical feature of this poem is to see the depth in the plain. Visiting friends will naturally lead to disappointment. But in this poem, I don't stop asking questions, and there are two questions and three questions behind. Its handwriting is complicated, while its pen is simple. It is beneficial to see its deep affection and eagerness to write complex feelings with a simple pen. Moreover, these questions and answers are in-depth step by step, and emotional expressions have ups and downs. When I asked your students under a pine tree, I was happy and full of hope; ""My teacher, "he replied," went to collect herbs ""answered what he didn't expect, and he fell down and was disappointed; There is a glimmer of hope in the disappointment of "but which corner of the mountain"; When the last answer is "how do I know through these clouds?" I am very frustrated and helpless.
However, the lyricism of poetry should rely on artistic image and pay attention to color tone. On the surface, this poem seems colorless and unpretentious, and it is light makeup rather than heavy makeup. In fact, its shape is natural, its color is bright and its shade is suitable. The image and color of pine trees, long white clouds, blue and white, pine and cypress and clouds, are in line with the identity of a hermit in the depths of Yunshan. Moreover, the hermit did not see his paintings first, and there was infinite vitality in the green stand; Then I saw large tracts of white clouds, which were deep, hazy and unpredictable, making people think that Qiushui Iraqis were nowhere to be found. From the gradual change of modeling and the order of tone, it also reflects the author's emotional and material transmission.
The hermit in the poem collects medicine for a living and helps the living. He is a real hermit. So Jia Dao has admiration for him. In the poem, the white clouds show their nobleness, the pine trees praise their character, and the landscape writing also contains the meaning of comparison. Only in this way, admiration and the satisfaction of failure highlight their disappointed feelings. In addition, the author, as an intellectual in feudal society, left the bustling city and came to "seclusion" among the long-forgotten pines and white clouds. The reason is also intriguing and reverie.
Creation background
This poem was written by a monk Jia Dao in the middle Tang Dynasty when he met a hermit in the mountains. Who is the hermit? Some people think it's Jia Dao's mountain friend Sun Xia. It is difficult to verify the specific creation time of this poem.
Brief introduction of the author
Jia Dao (779 ~ 843) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word wave fairy is wave fairy. John young (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province) was born. At the beginning, he became a monk with no name and surname. Later, he returned to nature and repeatedly cited scholars. He used to be the main book of the Yangtze River (now Pengxi, Sichuan) and was called Jia Changjiang. His poems like to write desolate and lonely places, with many bitter words. Be good at five laws, pay attention to words and sentences, and work hard. With the same name as Meng Jiao, it is known as the "thin suburban island". There is the Yangtze River Collection.
Jia Dao's Other Poems
1, sent to Chaozhou, Korea.
This heart has been with Mulan boat until the tide comes to the south.
Come to China for an appointment every other chapter, and the letter will pass.
The peak hangs on the postal road, the clouds break, and the roots of the city are immersed in the sea.
The smoke and wind swept away overnight, and at the beginning of the next month, I went to langxi Building.
2. swordsman
Ten years of grinding a sword, frost blade has not tried.
If we test you today, who will be unfair?
3. Li Ning lives in seclusion
Living leisurely here, few neighbors come, and the overgrown path leads to the wilderness. Birds are freely perched in the trees by the pool, and monks are knocking at the door.
Walking across this bridge, you can see the charming scenery of Ye Yuan, and the feet of clouds seem to be moving on the floating rocks. I will leave here for a while, but I will come back and retire with my friends on the appointed date.
4. Twilight Mountain Village
Cold sounds can be heard miles away. People in the mountains live in scattered places and there are no neighbors nearby. Birds are twittering in the wilderness, and the faint sunset scares passers-by.
A crescent moon did not take away the long night, and the flame on the border did not cross the Sanqin. Outside the depression, fireworks are getting closer and closer.
5. Hanging Xie Meng's Law
When the ancients were together, they had low taste before they died. When he was buried, he was poor and sold horses, but he cried for his wife who was far away.
Outside the lonely tomb in the north, Yuexi is in the empty lent. There should be ten thousand poems, and all the objects and images have been inscribed.
6. Nanchi
The depression is rainy and the barren shore is clear. Enter Chuanshan and invade the village.
Autumn sounds according to the color of trees, Pugen moonlight shadow. Difficult to drown, he closed his dreams at night.
7. Send two people to Longchi Temple Town.
If you were invited to live in the south, you wouldn't go to Shiqiao. Lin Zhongqiu believes that the peak night is far away.
The cold grass hides the tiger, and the pine carves the moon. First frost day to the temple, the temple is in front of the court.
8, send Jane empty two people
After Chinese food in the forest, when the world wants to go. Hengyang has company, and dreams should be late.
The stone chimes disperse the cold rhyme, and the copper bottle is outstanding. I'm surprised to say goodbye, and the return date is uncertain.
9. Send training books
Worship officials from secret provinces, institutions in Fan Wei. Many reasons are long and sparse, and high autumn is far away.
Cold and drunk, dead of night. Build the house near the South China Sea and sail there.
10, sent to pigeon Mo Gong.
It is known that it belongs to the white dove, with a high mountain and a long way to go, and the sun is shining. The stone room is quiet, and the moon shadow in the ice pool is residual.
Wei Yun was destroyed to pieces, and the old trees were neglected. Who can smell the night after, Xifeng is extremely cold.
1 1. Stay on Liu's Sima Chi after the rain.
Blue creek washes jade and autumn colors, and this place is clear. Reed sound and rain sound, lotus fragrance around the lamp.
The ancient Qin road is on the shore, and the Han and Huangling tombs are on the pavilion surface. Jingsi spring is the foundation, and the cliff falls several layers.
12, send Zhu Kejiu back to Vietnam.
Shichengbo, the clock is early and the north is solid. The tide is high in Lu Ting, and the windows on the ship are out of space.
Wu Shan invaded the people, and Sui and Liu entered the Tang Dynasty. I want to lower my head and adjust my diet every day. I want to write a book.
13, send Tian Zhuo to Huashan
Deep enough to know the dusk, I was shocked by the stone bed. Waterfall 5000 meters, next to Caotang Waterfall.
The altar is loose and the moon is empty. The crane must look at the king, and there should be a fairy on the earth.