The immortal image of the brave elf
——Appreciation of the artistic techniques of "Haiyan"
This is a prose poem that combines the descriptive and Expressive characteristics of poetry. It depicts the heroic fighting spirit of the brave elf Haiyan, profoundly reflects the rapidly developing revolutionary situation before the Russian Revolution in 1905, praises the immortal image and strong and fearless fighting spirit of the Russian proletarian revolutionary pioneers, and calls on the working people to take active actions. Rise up and face the great revolutionary struggle. Let's learn together how to use various artistic techniques to express the theme of the article.
1. Use symbols to derive meaning from things
First of all, let’s clarify the concept of symbol. It uses a specific specific image that is easy to associate with to express something similar or similar to it. The artistic technique of concepts, thoughts and emotions, that is, using concrete images to express some abstract meaning. As far as this article is concerned, due to the specific historical period, although the Russian revolutionary movement continues to rise, the reactionary rule of the Tsar is still relatively strong and the people's speech is not free, so the author uses this method to fight against the ruling class.
Everything that appears in the article has symbolic meaning, and the symbolic meaning of the entire article is only contained in the images and not revealed. The petrel symbolizes the fearless, heroic and fighting pioneers of the proletarian revolution; the sea and waves symbolize the power of the masses at the climax of the revolution; the storm symbolizes the revolutionary wave and storm that sweeps away all reactionary and decadent forces; the sun symbolizes the bright future; the strong wind, Dark clouds and thunder and lightning symbolize the ugly and weak Tsarist reactionary forces; seagulls, sea ducks, and penguins symbolize all kinds of fake revolutionaries and non-revolutionaries who are afraid that revolution will destroy their comfort zone. At the same time, these symbolic meanings gradually deepen with the development of the image. Among them, the image of Haiyan gradually becomes complete and becomes more and more vivid and prominent as the plot develops; the dark clouds and strong wind are the final struggle. In this way, the work dynamically presents the development trend of the situation in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, and the scene of the sea extinguishing lightning strongly foreshadows the final outcome of the reactionary forces - that is, destruction. The ideological connotation that the author wants to express is revealed from this.
2. Contrast and contrast, powerful image
In order to show the heroic fighting posture of Haiyan and the longing for the storm, the article uses the changes in the sea level on the eve of the storm as a background to describe in detail It depicts three sea scenes before the storm, when the storm is approaching, and when the storm is about to come. It describes the harsh fighting environment at that time and contrasts the heroic image of Haiyan. And the image of petrels is in sharp contrast with the moaning, flying and fear of seagulls, sea ducks and penguins, setting off the bravery and optimism of petrels. In addition, the wind, clouds, thunder and lightning all attack together to highlight that Haiyan has sounded the clarion call for battle, which is heroic, exciting and inspiring.
3. Beautiful language and enhanced momentum
Prose poetry has its own uniqueness because it has the characteristics of both prose and poetry. The sentences are not divided into lines or rhyme, but they are concise, vivid and beautiful. The article describes the petrel's sound - from "screaming" to "laughing"; its shape - "black lightning"; a series of actions, such as "flying", "piercing" and "skimming", etc., depict the speed and agility of petrel. Vigorous and brave, "rush straight into the dark clouds". The use of metaphors, exaggeration and other rhetorical techniques enhances the effect of expression and makes the image more vivid. The language of the whole poem is full of passion and exciting, especially the ending "Let the storm come more violently" is not only the expectation and call for the revolutionary storm, but also a call to arms to the broad masses of the people.
The situation at that time determined that it was difficult for such an article with great fighting passion to be published in newspapers. It was the symbolic techniques used throughout the article, coupled with the negligence of the censor at the time, that "Haiyan" "This article was finally published in the April 1901 issue of Petersburg's "Life" magazine. It was for this reason that "Life" magazine was sealed.
Melody of Spring, Manifesto of Revolution
——Appreciation of "Petrel"
Golky's "Petrel" is the pioneer work of proletarian literature. It is like the melody of spring, the prelude of the times, and the manifesto of revolution. In his works, Gorky used his high-spirited romantic passion and majestic artistic brushstrokes to vividly depict the objective scene of the impending natural storm, profoundly reflecting the "storm is about to come and the wind is filling the building" on the eve of the Russian Revolution in 1905. "The situation hinted at the coming of the revolutionary storm, the inevitable collapse of the Tsarist autocratic rule, and the inevitable victory of the revolutionary cause. The work gives the most sincere and enthusiastic praise to the "Haiyan" - the proletarian pioneer warrior who is not afraid of violence, dares to fight, and dares to win.
The basic artistic method of "Haiyan" is to embody emotions in the scenery and use the scenery to express feelings. As Gorky said: "You can say what you want to say conveniently and concisely in the form of symbols" and "you can inject a lot of ideological content into symbols." Based on his own aesthetic choices, the author endows the natural landscapes with different symbolic meanings, and uses metaphors, personification, contrast and other artistic means to achieve a seamless and natural harmony between the symbolic subject and object. Although the reader's eyes are full of the scene before the storm on the sea, what he sees through the back of the paper is clearly a picture of a desperate battle between revolution and counter-revolution. In the work, dark clouds, strong winds, thunder, and lightning symbolize the tsarist autocratic rule and represent the dark reactionary forces.
"On the vast sea, the wind gathers dark clouds", "The dark clouds are getting darker and darker, getting lower and lower, pressing down on the sea", "Like blue flames, burning on the bottomless sea", these words are clearly written The natural weather changes before the storm allude to the collusion of dark forces, the brutal suppression of the revolutionary movement, and the final desperate struggle. As the revolutionary situation rises, the enemy's suppression becomes more and more fierce, but the historical trend is irreversible. The day when the revolutionary storm approaches will be the death of the reactionaries. At the same time, seagulls, sea ducks, and penguins symbolize the bourgeois social class and all kinds of opportunists who are afraid of revolution and are short-sighted. Facing the approaching storm, seagulls "moaned" in fear, trying to escape and "hid in the depths of the sea"; sea ducks "moaned" and were "frightened" by the "rumbling thunder"; penguins were also extremely " Stupid" and "cowardly", thinking that "hiding the fat body at the bottom of the cliff" can avoid the impact of the storm. The frightened and panic-stricken mood of these animals is a true portrayal of the mentality of the bourgeoisie and reformists who are afraid of revolution, covet comfort, and just want to preserve themselves. It truly reflects the Russian bourgeoisie's treatment of the proletariat around 1905. The attitude of class revolution is reflected in the author's ruthless ridicule and contempt between the lines. In the work, the roaring sea symbolizes the gradually awakening revolutionary power of the people, the storm symbolizes the coming revolutionary red storm, the sun symbolizes the victory of the proletarian revolution, and the petrel symbolizes the glorious image of the proletarian pioneer warrior. The author is full of enthusiasm, praising the sea and petrels. In the sinister environment of rolling dark clouds and rampant white terror, in stark contrast to the cowardice and fear of the seagulls, the sea turns up "white foam" and "waves", sings, and "rushes into the air" with a heroic fighting attitude "Welcome the thunder" and "extinguish the "golden arrow-like lightning" in its own abyss"; "the petrel flies proudly like black lightning", "sometimes its wings hit the waves, and sometimes it shoots straight into the sky like an arrow", Brave, passionate, angry, joyful, "full of desire for the storm", "convinced that the dark clouds cannot cover the sun." The sea's active attack, competing with thunder and lightning, the excitement and liveliness of petrels, and their enthusiastic eagerness for the coming of the storm, are vivid manifestations of the revolutionary steadfastness and revolutionary optimism of the revolutionary people and proletarian vanguard warriors. . It was Gorky who used the contrast and contrast of images to suppress evil and promote good, lash out the evil and ugliness, and praise the good and the good, so that he created the artistic image of "Haiyan", which is full of power and beauty and deeply reflects the characteristics of the times, thus blowing the A loud clarion call for the march of the times awakened the people and encouraged them to bravely join the struggle for liberation.
In terms of overall aesthetics, "Petrel" is both a lyric poem with bright colors and an oil painting rich in musical rhythm and flow. It combines the characteristics of poetry and prose, and shows the beauty of music and painting in poetry. The writing style is rough, majestic, rich in color, and emotional, giving people a strong artistic appeal.