In the second year of Xianfeng, Zeng Guofan was ordered by Emperor Xianfeng to form a local armed force, Yingyong, based on Luo Zenan and Wang Xintuan. First Xiang Yong, then Xiang, was trained by Fu Nai, a Zhejiang native, during Qi Jiguang and Jiaqing of Ming Dynasty. In the spring of three years, Zeng Guofan recruited 3000 soldiers and sent Luo Zenan to Nanchang to rescue Jiang Zhongyuan, who was besieged by Taiping rebels. In view of the powerful navy of Taiping Army, Zeng Guofan established a navy in Xianfeng for four years, with more than 240 ships and 5,000 brave men, in addition to the land division.
Xiang Army implements the recruitment system, which is different from green camp in general election, recruitment, education, establishment, training, weapons and reimbursement sources.
The principle of selecting generals, the relationship between courage and soldiers: there will be people who can run the army, who are not afraid of hardship, death, fame and fortune. Soldiers should be simple and protected by the whole family. Paternalism is practiced among soldiers: soldiers will be there, soldiers will obey battalion officers, and battalion officers will obey generals. The generals took orders from Zeng Guofan.
Xiang Navy 13 Battalion, each with 500 people. It has four posts and posts under its jurisdiction. 1 There are 1 to 8 positions, 1 positions have 10 people. There are more than 5000 land divisions. Navy 10 Battalion, each battalion started with 440 people 2 1 ship, and then 500 people 30 ships. Battalion 1 has 30 posts, and each ship has 1 post. There are 5000 sailors. Ma Jun 1 Battalion is divided into five posts, each with five sheds, and 1 Battalion has 250 people.
The commander of the amphibious division plus combatants, plus sailors and soldiers, the whole army is *** 17000. When attacking Tianjing, the total strength reached1.2000.
Xiang army equipment: knives, spears, old guns, mountain guns, small guns, shotguns, boats (dragons, sampans, fast crabs), horses, etc.
Education and training: educate with Confucianism and train strictly, although it is hot in summer and cold in winter. Yong Yong asked to jump into a house ten feet high and cross a ditch ten feet wide, and the fireball could be thrown twenty feet away.
Pay their own wages, more than green camp 1 times. Soldiers' salaries are nominally self-raised, but in fact they are supported by donations and provincial governors.
Compared with green camp, Item is different in many aspects. Green camp is under the command of the Ministry of War and implements the World War II system. Item does not belong to the Ministry of War, Zeng Guofan is alone, and the recruitment system is implemented. Soldiers are strict in selection, good in quality and hard in training. Green camp eats state grain and weapons are provided by the state; Xiang army raised its own salary, advanced weapons, equal emphasis on knives and guns, and the navy was equipped with foreign guns. Green camp is decadent and has no fighting capacity; Xiang is arrogant and dares to fight. Green camp has a low salary, while Hunan has a high salary. Comparing the salaries of ordinary soldiers: Wei Yuan's "Wu Shengzhi" Volume 11: "The salary system of soldiers in green camp, the third battalion of the capital patrol, the salary of cavalry is two or two per month, and the salary of infantry is one or two, all of which are five dou meters per month. In towns and villages in all provinces, horsemen receive two or two salaries a month, infantry one or two or five, and garrison soldiers one or two a month. " Yongding 4.2 beam.
Huai Army was a warlord armed force established by Li Hongzhang in Anqing in order to suppress Zeng Guofan's Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the early Yuan Dynasty. Li Hongzhang recruited 3,500 people, Zeng Guofan allocated 3,000 people and * * * more than 6,500 people. Tongzhi has grown to 60,000 to 70,000 in four years. The establishment imitates Xiang army, but the difference is that Huai army is superior to Xiang army in equipment, with more foreign guns and foreign exercises.
Xiang Yong was originally an auxiliary force of the regular army, but was called up for service but was dismissed. Xiang Army and Huai Army were the only troops used by the Qing Dynasty to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Xian Tong, and they acted as regular troops, which was a major evolution in the military system of the Qing Dynasty.