The artistic achievements of Tao Yuanming's poems have a unique style and high artistic attainments (1). The striking impression of his poems is plain and natural. This is inseparable from his poetry content and performance characteristics. The main contents of his poems are the simple rural scenery, the daily life in the countryside, and the quiet mind in this life; However, it is naturally expressed through simple language and sketching techniques, which makes people feel as if it is "naturally flowing out of the chest" without any trace of axe chisel. (2) Although Tao Yuanming's poems are plain, they are not shallow. On the contrary, they only make people feel honest and tasteful. Although his poetic language is only a very common "family language", it is highly refined by art, and in this very pithy language, it is rich in images and has a deep foundation in real life, whether it is natural scenery or social life. For example, "Love the forest in front of the hall, and store the shade in the middle of summer", which is the living environment of the poet. Although the word "storage" is just an ordinary word, it is very vivid and fresh when used here. The quiet and cool shade trees in midsummer are like a pot of clear water that can be stored and taken away. Su Shi's saying that Tao poetry is "like truth" just illustrates this feature. (3) Some of Tao Yuanming's poems are still full of artistic conception. This is the most prominent in his pastoral poems. For example, in the first song of "Returning to the Garden" quoted earlier, we not only saw several straw houses on elm trees, willow trees, peach trees and plum trees, but also a few wisps of kitchen smoke in the village, and we also heard the barking of dogs in deep alleys and the crowing of chickens on the trees. All this also constitutes a realm, which is static, quiet, simple and natural. The formation of this feature is closely related to the poet's creative method. The poet's purpose in writing pastoral poems is not to describe the pastoral life objectively, but to reconcile and express his interest in this life. Trapped here, he didn't take the image of rural life at will when he created, but took what could arouse his thoughts and feelings most from poetry. Ordinary life materials contain extraordinary artistic conception, which makes people feel kind and noble. Su Shi said: "If you read Peng Taoze's poems, you won't accept them at first;" Over and over again, I know its curiosity. " The so-called "curiosity" comes from the artistic conception. Because of his artistic conception, his poems are integrated. This also coincides with the "chaotic weather, difficult to extract sentences" in Han and Wei poetry. (4) Tao Yuanming's poems have different styles because of their different contents. For example, most of his pastoral poems are scattered and hasty, while poems such as Ode to Jing Ke are bold and powerful. But although the latter is bold, it is "bold" (Zhu's words), which naturally has something in common with the plainness of his pastoral poems. Tao Yuanming was a famous pastoral poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His poems are famous for describing rural scenery and seclusion. Among the existing 120 pottery poems, works describing rural scenery and rural life account for a large proportion. Moreover, because he personally participated in labor, was close to farmers, and had a profound experience of rural life, such works were most popular because of their true content, deep feelings and clear images, showing simple natural beauty and the poet's noble sentiment of not being willing to accept the dark reality. "Fang Zhai more than ten acres, hut between eight or nine. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital. A warm and distant village, the smog in the Yi market. In the deep alley where dogs bark, chickens call mulberry trees jump. "This poem expresses the author's happy mood of returning to rural life after being removed from pengze county's order, and it is the poet's ode to the quiet countryside. There is a simple natural beauty in this picturesque country house. " Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. "This is a portrayal of the poet's carefree life in the embrace of nature, and it is also a tribute to Tao Ran's seclusion." "Chrysanthemum" is a symbol of nobility, and "Picking Chrysanthemums" shows the noble character of the poet. "Nanshan" is "Lushan" Wang Guowei's evaluation in "The Thorn on Earth" is: there is no self, and I don't know what I am and what I am. Subjectivity and objectivity are integrated. Through a series of images, the poet hinted at the author's ideal of returning to nature and conforming to nature, which made his pastoral poems appear diluted and peaceful. In this kind of works describing villagers' life, some are about labor experience and hard life. "In the morning, I will deal with garbage and dirt and take the shower head home. The road is narrow and the grass is long, and the evening dew is stained with clothes. " It is about the hard work of going out early and returning late, the joy after work, and the praise of work and life. Tao Yuanming's great contribution in the history of poetry development is to create a new field of literati poetry creation-pastoral poetry. The poet described the pastoral scenery affectionately and naturally, and truly described his life of hard struggle, but showed a calm and optimistic attitude towards the hardships of labor, and his ambition of hard struggle remained unchanged. Although ordinary metaphysical poets pay attention to understanding philosophy from examining nature, which has produced the bud of landscape poetry, no one has turned their eyes to ordinary villages. It is only in Tao Yuanming's works that rural life and rural scenery are regarded as important aesthetic objects for the first time, thus opening up a unique world for future generations. He regards agricultural labor as a natural way of life and praises the beautiful interest contained in working life, which is also a profound discovery. Another great contribution of Tao Yuanming in the history of poetry development is to create a new aesthetic field and a new artistic realm, and to create a diluted beauty with strong feelings. The peaceful and indifferent realm of life is naturally revealed in poetry. The poem that best represents the author's diluted beauty is the fifth poem in Drinking, "Building a house is human, but there are no horses and chariots." Asking yourself what you can do is far from self-biased. "The predecessors have long commented on the artistic features of Tao poetry, calling it simple and natural. But this is not a folk song, nor is it a style influenced by folk songs, but a conscious aesthetic pursuit of the poet. Fundamentally speaking, this is also determined by Tao Yuanming's "natural" philosophy. In his view, man-made complex etiquette destroys the naturalness of society, and pretentious behavior destroys the naturalness of human nature. Then, excessive pursuit of external poetic form will inevitably destroy the naturalness of feelings. Therefore, he seldom uses language with bright colors, exaggerated intonation, abstruse vocabulary and uncommon allusions. Antithesis is often used in his poems, but most of them are primitive and not so delicate that they are not obvious. His poems are full of emotion, but they are rarely really strong and appear surging, but combined with calm philosophical thinking, they present a clear and distant artistic conception. The charm of the realm of his poems is the natural expression of the realm of life, which is peaceful and indifferent, striving for the world without seeking, lacking in heart and losing in sex. It is a new kind of artistic beauty. This aesthetic realm is unprecedented, and there is no one after it. Moreover, the simplicity of Shi Tao's words is not arbitrary and unprocessed, but highly refined. It takes away all miscellaneous and sticky things to present a clear simplicity. Shi Tao's writing is unpretentious and his language is pure and beautiful. There is no doubt that he has a keen sense of the beauty of nature, so he can reconstruct it into a poetic image in accurate and simple language. In a word, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are a true reflection of the poet's rural life. However, this is the rural life seen through the prism of the poet's thought and the externalization of the poet's artistic soul. At the same time, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are rich in artistic conception, and the selected scenery is distinctive, full of poet's feelings, reflecting the poet's personality characteristics. His poetry has a unique artistic style and high attainments. Through simple language and simple description, he reproduces rural life, and embodies a plain, natural, true, vivid, profound and reasonable artistic style. Tao Yuanming lived in seclusion many times in his life, and only over 100 poems have been handed down, among which pastoral poems are the most representative. The main artistic features of Tao's pastoral poems are simplicity, naturalness and simplicity, but their implications are far-reaching and their boundaries are broad. Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry is a treasure in the history of China and the originator of China's pastoral poetry. It also directly influenced the creative style of landscape pastoral poems represented by Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei in the Tang Dynasty. In Tao Yuanming's works, pastoral and labor are meaningful in literati's works for the first time, while the artistic characteristics of pastoral poetry are more colorful. Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, with plain and simple language and rich charm, can be passed down through the ages, which has a lot to do with plain and simple language and is catchy to read. Tao Yuanming's unique life experience, simple rural life and simple rural scenery all require simple language and painting similar to "Tianjia dialect" as much as possible, thus forming a simple and natural style of pastoral poetry. However, pure words will never produce such a strong artistic charm. The advantages of Tao poetry are: under the plain appearance, it contains fiery thoughts and feelings and rich flavor of life. Try to read a passage in the poem "Encouraging Agriculture": "I am crying and I am afraid of being in the same place. Flowers and trees are flourishing, and the wind is clear and the gas is positive. Both men and women are competing with the times. Sangnu Music, Nongye. "Although what is presented here is a peaceful agricultural map, it is actually only the result of beautifying the closed and self-sufficient rural areas in China. Reread the first song of "Returning to the Garden": "I have no rhyme, so I naturally love Qiushan. I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years. Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past. I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields. The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital. The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster. There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. After staying in a cage for a long time, I returned to nature. "This poem expresses the poet's happy mood of returning to rural life; In the middle part of the landscape, the four sentences below "Fang Zhai" outline the simplicity and beauty of your residence with simple pen and ink; Far away, the village is warm, and the Yi Yi market is smoky ",and the line of sight turns to the distance, which makes the whole picture present a leisurely, empty, quiet and peaceful charm. The so-called "beauty in plain" is exactly the case. The brush strokes are fresh, natural and delicate. The pastoral landscapes written by Tao Yuanming never pursue gorgeous language and superficial modeling, but they are fresh and natural at random, but they have endless charm. Such as "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan. "The word" see "in a sentence means that it happened when the author picked chrysanthemums, not deliberately describing the appearance of mountains and rivers, but also to show the author's leisurely creation. Tao Qian's pastoral poems are rooted in rural life, and his personal feelings about rural life are integrated into his poems. The most common square houses, thatched houses, green trees and flowers, distant villages and nearby cooking smoke, chickens barking and dogs barking ... all show infinite vitality under his description, forming a beautiful pastoral picture. Let's analyze the second part of Return to the Garden: "There are fewer people in the wild and fewer wheels in the poor lanes. This day is still Chai Men closed, and the pure mind blocks the vulgar thoughts. When complex market music, grass * * *. When we meet, we don't talk about worldly affairs, only that the garden is long in Sang Ma. My field is growing higher and higher, and my cultivated land is expanding day by day. I am always afraid that frost will come, just like grass. " The poet first described the things in rural life, including wilderness, deep alleys, firewood, dusty rooms ... and then went back to the immediate things to describe farming in the fields and in-depth contact with the surrounding farmers. Even if there are only a few words with them, there is no lack of warmth in the communication between the lower classes. The whole poem closely revolves around rural life and integrates its own feelings into the poem. Therefore, fresh, natural and delicate description is another artistic feature of pastoral poetry. There is a sincere love for the countryside, and the blending of emotion, scenery and reason is very important in poetry creation, and emotion is the most important. Without emotion, the scene will be lifeless, without emotion, it will be "tasteless", without strong emotional infiltration, the scene and reason will lose the vitality of the work. In Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, birds, animals, flowers and mountains are full of deep thoughts and feelings; At the same time, poets are good at combining emotion with reason, visualizing their deep understanding of life and reality, and closely combining poetry with philosophy and scenery. No matter from which angle they appreciate pastoral poetry, they will bring a lot of fun to readers. For example, the third song of "Drinking": "Building a house is in a human environment, and there are no horses and chariots. Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. There is a real meaning in it, and I forgot what I wanted to say. "The most outstanding artistic feature of this poem is the integration of lyricism, scenery description and reasoning. The first four sentences are to write the scenery first and then make sense; The four sentences in the middle, while writing the scenery, express the feelings of leisure, and also imply the truth that you don't know until you are tired; The last two sentences are observing everything and understanding the philosophy of life. Poetry creates the artistic realm of harmony between subject and object and the unity of things and me. The language of poetry seems simple, natural and unremarkable, but in fact it has reached a concise and vivid situation. This is why the pastoral poetry has an irreplaceable position in the history of China's poetry. Predecessors have long commented on the artistic features of Tao's poems, calling them simple, natural and sincere. Tao Yuanming has the largest number of pastoral poems and the highest achievements. This kind of poetry fully shows the poet's lofty interest in disdaining fame and fortune and his noble integrity in keeping his ambition; It fully shows the poet's extreme hatred and complete break with the dark officialdom; It fully shows the poet's love for simple pastoral life, his understanding of labor and his friendly feelings for working people. It fully shows the poet's pursuit and yearning for the ideal world. As a scholar-bureaucrat, such thoughts, feelings and contents are unprecedented in the history of literature, especially in a society with strict gate system and concept. Some of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also reflect his predicament in his later years, which can help us indirectly understand the miserable life of the peasant class at that time. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden was written in the early Song Dynasty. It depicts a utopian ideal society. It shows the poet's complete denial of the existing social system and infinite admiration for the ideal world. It marks that Tao Yuanming's thought has reached a new height. Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of pastoral poetry. With its simple and natural language and lofty artistic conception, it opened up a new world for China's poetry circle and directly influenced the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty.