Xue Jiang
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Liu Zongyuan
Original text:
There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths.
A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice.
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Basic: There is no sign of birds on the surrounding mountains, and there is no sign of people on the path. Only in a boat on the river, there was an old man wearing hemp fiber and hat, fishing alone on the cold river.
Sublimation: The surrounding mountains are undulating and empty, and there are no birds chirping and traces. There are no traces of people on all the paths that shuttle inside and outside Shan Ye. Only on the wide and calm river, an old fisherman wearing hemp fiber and hat is sitting alone in a lonely boat fishing.
To annotate ...
1. This is a poem written by Liu Zongyuan after he was demoted to Yongzhou. He used a fisherman fishing in the Han River to express his loneliness and depression. Expressed the author's noble morality.
2. Absolutely: No, no. A person's trace. Extinction: disappear, gone.
3. There are no birds in the mountains: there are no birds in Wanling, Qian Shan.
4, 10,000 roads: virtual refers to thousands of roads.
5. People have disappeared: no one has seen them.
6. Loneliness: Loneliness.
7. boat: boat.
8. Suoli: (Suoyi and Li Dou "Suo" refers to clothes used for rain protection in ancient times; "Dai" means a hat used to shelter from the rain in ancient times. )
9. independence: loneliness.
10, fishing: fishing.
Literary appreciation
The poet used only twenty words to describe a quiet and cold picture: on the snowy river, a boat and an old fisherman were fishing alone on the cold river. What the poet shows his readers is this: the world is so pure and silent, spotless and silent; The fisherman's life is noble, and the fisherman's character is detached. In fact, this is a fantasy realm created by the poet because he hated the declining society of the Tang Dynasty at that time. Compared with the characters in Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, he is more ethereal and far away from the world.
What the poet wants to describe in detail is very simple, but it is just a boat, an old fisherman wearing hemp fiber and Li hat, fishing on the snowy river, and that's all. However, in order to highlight the main description object, the poet did not hesitate to use half of the space to describe its background, and made the background as broad as possible, almost to an infinite extent. The wider the background, the more prominent the main description object. First of all, the poet used the words "Qianshan" and "Wanjing" to set off the following two pictures of "boating alone" and "fishing alone". Without the words "thousand" and "ten thousand", the words "loneliness" and "independence" at the back will appear bland and uninspiring. Secondly, birds flying on the mountain and people walking on the road are very common things and the most general image. But the poet put them under the "Qianshan" and "Wanjing" and added the word "absolutely" and "extinct", which suddenly turned the most common and summarized dynamic into extreme silence and absolute silence, forming an unusual scene. So the following two sentences used to be static descriptions. Because it is placed in this absolutely quiet background, it is exquisite, lively and lively. The last two sentences, originally the object of the poet's intentional description, turned into a long-distance lens, which was reduced many times, giving readers an ethereal feeling, visible and intangible. In this way, it expresses the lofty and transcendental thoughts and feelings that the poet is eager to show to readers, which are freed from worldly and transcendental things. As for the formation of this sense of remoteness, it is mainly the effect that the poet added a word "snow" at the end of the whole poem, which was linked with the word "Jiang".
In this poem, everything is snowy, the mountains are snowy, the roads are snowy, and "Qian Shan" and "Wanjing" are snowy, making birds fly away and people disappear. Even the awning and fisherman's hat are covered with snow. But the poet did not explicitly associate these scenes with "snow". On the contrary, in this painting, there is only Jiang and only Rulu. Of course, the river will not store snow, and it will not be covered by snow. Even if it falls into the river, it will immediately become water. The poet only used the word "cold river snow" to connect the two images with the farthest relationship, giving people a vague, distant and narrow feeling and forming a long-distance lens. This makes the main object described in the poem more concentrated, dexterous and prominent. Because even the river seems to be covered with snow, even the places where there is no snow are covered with snow, which completely describes the dense and thick snow and completely sets off the atmosphere of water and sky. As for the word "cold" used above, it is of course to point out the climate; But the poet's subjective intention is to write the fisherman's spiritual world quietly. In such a cold and silent environment, the old fisherman ignored the cold and snow, forgot everything and devoted himself to fishing. Although it is lonely in form, it seems lofty and aloof in character, and even a little awe-inspiring. This illuminated and beautified image of the fisherman is actually the sustenance and portrayal of the poet's own thoughts and feelings. It can be seen that the word "Hanjiangxue" is the "finishing touch", which organically links the front and back parts of the whole poem, not only forming a concise and general picture, but also shaping a complete and prominent image of the fisherman.
Describe the background in a concrete and meticulous way, and depict the subject image in a long-distance picture; Fine and extremely exaggerated generalizations are intricately unified in a poem, which is the unique artistic feature of this landscape poem.
Jiang Xue (Liu Zongyuan's five-character quatrains in Tang Dynasty)
Jiang Xue is a five-character quatrain written by Liu Zongyuan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, in Yongzhou. Typical generalizations are used in the poem, and Qianshan's Wan Jing Man Bird Jue, which best represents Shan Ye's cold, is chosen to describe the scene of heavy snow and freezing. Then draw an image of a fisherman fishing alone in the cold river to express the poet's unyielding and deep loneliness after being hit. The whole poem is unique in conception, concise in language and rich in meaning.
Creation background
Jiang Xue was written during Liu Zongyuan's exile in Yongzhou (805-8 15). During Yongzhenyuan's reign (805), Liu Zongyuan participated in the Yongzhenguan reform movement initiated by Wang Group, and carried out political measures to suppress internal officials, control other provinces and safeguard national unity. However, due to the joint opposition of reactionary forces, the reform soon failed. Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou Sima and exiled for ten years. In fact, he lived a life of "prisoner" under control and house arrest. The oppression of the sinister environment did not crush him. Being at a political disadvantage, he expressed the value and ideal interest of life through his poems. This poem is one of the masterpieces.
Brief introduction of the author
Liu Zongyuan (773-819) was born in Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) and was known as "Liu Hedong" in the world. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he was a scholar, and was awarded the orthography of Jixian Hall, transferred to Lantian Wei, and worshipped the imperial history. After the failure of "Yongzhen Innovation" due to his participation in Wang Group, he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima. Ten years later, he moved to Liuzhou for secretariat, so he was also called "Liu Liuzhou". Died of illness. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu advocated the ancient prose movement and called it "Liu Han". His poems and Wei's are called "Liu Wei". There is Liuhe East Collection.