In autumn in Ren Xu, on July 16, my guests and I played with boats under the Red Cliff. The breeze blows slowly, and the waves on the water are quiet. Raise a glass, persuade guests to drink together, recite the poem "Moonrise" and sing the chapter "My Fairness". After a while, the moon rose from Dongshan and hovered between Dou Su and Niu Su. A white fog enveloped the river, and the water was sparkling and connected with the sky. Let the water boat drift freely and cross the endless white river. The river is far away, and the ship is flying in the air, and I don't know where it will stay; On the cloud nine, it's like leaving the world, without attachments, and becoming a fairy soaring into a fairy fruit.
The author introduces:
Su Shi
Su Shi (1037 ~110/) was born in Meishan, Northern Song Dynasty. He is a famous writer, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. He is knowledgeable and versatile, and has high attainments in calligraphy, painting, poetry and prose. His calligraphy is called "Song Sijia" with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei; He is good at painting bamboo and strange stones, and also has outstanding opinions on painting theory and calligraphy theory. He is a literary leader after Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his prose is as famous as Ouyang Xiu. Poetry is like the name of Huang Tingjian; His writing is magnificent, bold and unconstrained, and graceful. Known as "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty, * * * is an uninhibited poet.
[1, "Qian Chibi Fu"]
Chibi Fu
Give the article a title. Su Shi's works in Northern Song Dynasty. There are two articles before and after. It was written by the author when he went to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) and Chibi (Chibi Collection) twice. Thousand red walls are famous. Mourning historical sites in Fu expresses the author's love for landscape and broad-minded mind, but there are also negative thoughts on the nothingness of life.
original text
Autumn is endless, and July is expected. Perilla boaters swim under the red cliff. The breeze blows gently and the water can't reach the surface. Raise a glass to propose a toast to one's companions, recite articles related to the moon, and sing praises to chapters. Not long after, the moon rose from Dongshan and hovered between the Big Dipper and the cow. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. Vast as leaning on the virtual wind, I don't know what to stop; Floating like an independent world, feathering into a fairy.
At this time, he was very happy to drink, slapping the ship's rail with his hand and singing. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " Guests have oral sex and rely on songs to make peace. Its voice is full of resentment, longing, crying and complaining, and the lingering sound is endless. It can make the dragon dance in the deep valley and make the widow in the lonely boat cry.
Su Shi's face was sad and sad, so he sat up in a corner and asked the guest, "How do you know?" ? "The guest said," There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. "Isn't this Cao Mengde's poem? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are misty and gloomy. Isn't this because Meng Zhizhi was trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling, downstream to the east. He was thousands of miles long, wearing a flag, drinking wine and singing poems across the river, and became a hero in the world. Now, where is he? My son and I are fishing on the river, making friends with fish, shrimp and elk, keeping a boat and keeping bottles for each other. It's a drop in the ocean to send a mayfly into the earth. Mourn a moment in my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River. Fly with the flying fairy, hold the bright moon, and grow up. I know that it is impossible to get it suddenly, but I hate Taiwan. "
Perilla said, "Do you know my husband's water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; If you are full of emptiness, the dead will not ebb and flow. Gai must view it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; From its unchanging point of view, things are infinite to me. Why envy! Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, not mine, so I will take it for nothing. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are empty to the ear and beautiful when they meet. They are inexhaustible, they are the endless hiding place of the creator, and they are also the place where my son and I eat. "
So the companion smiled happily, wiped the cup clean again and poured it again. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, leaving only the cups on the table in a mess. Sleeping on the boat, hugging each other, I know the horizon has turned white.
translate
In autumn in Ren Xu, on July 16, my guests and I played with boats under the Red Cliff. The breeze blows slowly, and the waves on the water are quiet. Raise a glass, persuade guests to drink together, recite the poem "Moonrise" and sing the chapter "My Fairness". After a while, the moon rose from Dongshan and hovered between Dou Su and Niu Su. A white fog enveloped the river, and the water was sparkling and connected with the sky. Let the water boat drift freely and cross the endless white river. The river is far away, and the ship is flying in the air, and I don't know where it will stay; On the cloud nine, it's like leaving the world, without attachments, and becoming a fairy soaring into a fairy fruit.
At this time, drinking wine, I was very happy, so I knocked on the ship's rail and sang songs. He sang: "Paddles made of osmanthus and Aoki beat the clear water waves and went upstream on the river floating in the moonlight. My feelings are far away, looking at the beauty in my heart, far away in the horizon. " Some guests will play the flute, accompanied by singing, and the flute will sob, like resentment, like nostalgia, like sobbing, like whispering. After blowing, the sound is long, like a slender silk thread. This sound can make the hidden dragon dance in the abyss and make the widow in the lonely boat cry.
I was a little sad, so I sat up straight and asked the guest, "Why are you making such a sad voice?" The guest replied: "The moon stars are rare, and crows fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking west is Xiakou, looking east is Wuchang. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, plants are lush. Isn't that where Cao Cao was defeated by Zhou Yu? When he took Jingzhou, captured Jiangling, and went down the river, warships ran for thousands of miles, banners covered the sky, drinking on the river and chanting poems with spears. This used to be a hero. Where is it now? Besides, you and I are fishing and firewood in the small continent in the middle of the river, with fish and shrimp as partners and elk as friends; Toast each other by boat; Entrusting ephemera's short life between heaven and earth is a drop in the ocean. Sigh the shortness of our lives and envy the endless Yangtze River. I would like to walk with God and live forever with the bright moon. Knowing that this wish can't be realized at once, I had to pin this helpless mood on the tune and play it in the sad autumn wind. "
I said to the guest, "Do you know the truth about water and the moon? The water just keeps flowing away, but it never does. The moon is round and short, but it has never lost or grown. It turns out that if we look at it from the aspect of change, everything between heaven and earth has never been fixed in the blink of an eye; If we look at things calmly in the same way, then things and ourselves are endless. What do we envy? Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own master. I won't take anything if it's not what I should have. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains, when you listen, you hear the sound. When you look with your eyes, you see color. No one can forbid it and enjoy it endlessly. This is the infinite treasure of nature, and you and I can share it together. "
The guest smiled happily, washed the glass and filled it again. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, and the cups and plates are in a mess. Everyone slept on the boat, leaning against each other, and unconsciously, the white dawn had appeared in the East.
Writing background
"Red Wall Fu" was written by Su Shi when he was demoted as the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuan after the Wutai Poetry Case was solved. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), the author went to Chibi outside Huangzhou twice in July and October and wrote two travel notes. Later generations used to call the former "Chibi Fu" or "Pre-Chibi Fu" and the latter "Post-Chibi Fu". Here is the last article. In fact, Su Shi didn't go to Chibi where Zhou Yu defeated in the Three Kingdoms, but to Chibi where Zhou Yu defeated Cao in the northeast of Jiayu, Hubei. Here, the author just touches the scene, uses the legends at that time, and uses topics to express his inner anguish after being relegated and his understanding of life in the universe.
Distinguish and appreciate
1 paragraph, write a night tour in Chibi. The author, a boater under the Red Cliff, plunged into the embrace of nature and enjoyed the beauty of cool breeze, dew, mountains, running water, moonlight and skylight. When I was in the mood, I casually recited the first chapter of the Book of Songs, and the moon came out. Shu Yao corrected it, and he was very sad. "Compare the bright moon to a beautiful woman with a good figure, expecting her Ran Ran to rise. In response to the poem "The Moon is Out", "Xiaoyan, the moon rises from Dongshan and lingers between bullfights." And leads to the following song cloud created by the author: "Looking at beauty and loving the sky", which is consistent in emotion and style. The word "wandering" vividly depicts that the soft moonlight seems to have incomparable attachment and affection for tourists. In the bright moonlight, white fog enveloped the river, and the sky and water became one piece, which is the so-called "autumn water * * * sky is one color" (Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting). At this time, tourists are open-minded and unrestrained, so they are "like reeds, at a loss", drifting in a boat, just like flying in the wind in space, leaving this world calmly and detached; It's like flying into wonderland with wings. The vast river and free and easy mind jump out of the author's pen, and the joy of boating is beyond words. This is a passage in this article that describes the scenery of "boating" in a positive way, conveying feelings with the scenery, and the scenery is good.
In the second paragraph, the writer's drinking and singing joy and the guest's sad flute sound. The author is extremely happy to drink and sing to express his disappointment and frustration in thinking about "beauty". The "beauty" mentioned here is actually the embodiment of the author's ideal and all the beautiful things. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " This lyric all adopts the meaning of "Songs of the South, Less Thinking": "Look forward to a beautiful future and sing a magnificent song in the breeze", which embodies the content of "reciting the poem of the bright moon and singing a graceful chapter" above. I can't see it because I want to be beautiful. I have expressed my frustration and sadness. In addition, Hakka plays, according to its songs, Xiao's tone is sorrowful. "If you complain like a hope, you cry like a complaint, and the sound is like a wisp", in fact, it attracts the dragons hidden in the ravine to dance and makes the widows in the lonely boat cry. One of Dong Xiao's songs is sad and tactful, and its sad tone is touching, which makes the author's feelings change suddenly, from joy to sadness, and the article is also ups and downs.
The third paragraph, write the guest's sigh about the impermanence of life. This part is endowed with historical sites, not the natural scenery of Chibi. The host asked "what is nature", and the guests answered with the monuments of Chibi, and the arts and sciences turned to nature. But this article is not about Chen Qi, but uses two questions. First of all, based on Cao Cao's Short Songs, I asked, "Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde?" He is also better than the mountains and rivers in front of him and asks, "Isn't this because Meng Dezhi is trapped in Zhou Lang?" Two questions made the article sensational again. Then, it tells the story of Cao Cao breaking Jingzhou and forcing Liu Cong to surrender. At that time, the mighty Cao Jun descended from Jiangling along the river, with warships connected by thousands of miles and banners covering the sky. Cao Hao is full of pride, cocky, drinking the river at the bow and writing poems horizontally, which can be described as "the hero of the world"! Where is he now? Heroes like Cao Cao are only famous for a while, not to mention our generation! Therefore, now I can only sigh the shortness of life, envy the ever-flowing river, and hope to intersect with the gods and be with the bright moon. However, all these are unrealistic fantasies, which is why sadness and sadness are conveyed through flutes. The guest's answer shows a nihilistic thought and a negative outlook on life, which is one aspect of Su Shi's thought revealed through the guest's mouth.
In the fourth paragraph, Su Shi stated his views on the impermanence of guest life in order to understand each other. The guest once "envied the infinity of the Yangtze River" and wished to "embrace the bright moon and end up long". Su Shi took Jiang Yue Ming Yue as a metaphor and put forward that "the deceased is like this, but never had it; If the surplus is lacking, the dead will not ebb and flow. If we look at things from the perspective of change, the existence of heaven and earth is only a blink of an eye; If things and human beings are endless from the same perspective, why envy rivers, bright moons and heaven and earth! Naturally, there is no need to "mourn for a lifetime"! This shows Su Shi's open-minded world outlook and outlook on life. He is in favor of looking at the problem from multiple angles instead of absolutizing it. Therefore, in the face of adversity, he can maintain an open-minded, detached, optimistic and adaptive mental state, get rid of the impermanence of life and treat life rationally. Then, the author further explains that everything in the world has its own owner, and individuals can't force it. So what is our everything? The breeze on the river can be heard, the bright moon in the mountains is colorful, the mountains are endless, the wind and the moon are eternal, the world is selfless, and the music is entertaining. We can look around and enjoy ourselves. This situation is due to Li Bai's "Xiangyang Song": "The breeze and bright moon don't need a penny to buy, and Yushan won't be pushed", and then it deepened.
In the fifth paragraph, after listening to the author's dialogue, the author turned grief into joy and drank heartily. "Pillow in the boat, I don't know Oriental White." After reading the beginning, I wrote about the happiness of traveling and enjoying. As for forgetting my gains and losses, it is a realm of detachment.
Fang Bao, an ancient prose writer in the Qing Dynasty, commented on this article as follows: "What you see is unique, but the literary environment is unattainable, and the goodness is open because of leisure, and there are no distractions in the chest. It is exposed and fully considered. I don't know why. It's just that others can't imitate it, and even if Zi Zhan is conscious again, it can't be so adaptive and fluent. "(Quoted from the Collection of Comments on Ancient Chinese Literature) Su Shi showed his broad-minded mind through various artistic techniques. Only by being selfless and open-minded can we write "Red Wall Poetry", which has an unattainable literary environment.
It is characterized by
(1) Combination of Parallel Rhythm and Powder
This paper not only retains the characteristics and charm of traditional poetry, but also absorbs the style and techniques of prose, breaking the shackles of the duality of sentence pattern and melody, and is more composed of prose, so that the article has both the profound charm of poetry and the penetrating power of prose. The style of prose makes the whole article feel depressed and frustrated. For example, Fountain Fountain is different from Fu's emphasis on duality, and it is relatively more free. For example, at the beginning of the paragraph, "Autumn is endless, July is looking forward to it, perilla and the guests are boating under the red cliff", and the whole article is full of loose sentences, which means sorting out. From the following to the end of the article, most of them rhyme, but the rhyme changes quickly, and the rhyme changes often in a paragraph, which makes this article especially suitable for reading, and the rhyme is very beautiful, which embodies the advantages of rhyme.
(2) Beautiful image and good at analogy.
For example, describe the bitterness and sorrow of the flute: "Its sound screams, like resentment, like crying, and the sound is endless. A diving mosquito dancing in the valley, a widow crying in a lonely boat. " The six metaphors used in succession have rendered the sadness of the flute sound, and appealed the abstract and elusive sound to the reader's vision and hearing, making it concrete and sensible, with excellent results.