What are the differences between the four stages of frontier poems in Tang Dynasty?

Frontier poems in Tang Dynasty experienced four stages: early Tang, prosperous Tang, middle Tang and late Tang. Among them, frontier poems in the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty are full of high-spirited and vigorous style, with the strongest artistry.

1. The dominant style of frontier poems in the early Tang Dynasty was Yu Bo. At that time, the world was just settled, and the vitality of the unified dynasty was slowly rising. But on the whole, I still feel powerless and the country is attacked from time to time, so frontier poems are often filled with strong resentment and accompanied by heavy depression. This feature of the aftermath is manifested in two aspects: one is the angry resistance to the invasion of a strong enemy, and the other is the sigh of current affairs and politics. The representative of the former is Wang Luobin, and the representative of the latter is Chen Ziang. They all joined the army more than once, vividly and profoundly describing the life of the frontier fortress.

2. The leading style of frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is heroic. The magnificent frontier war has endowed it with an extremely distinctive feature of the times: (1) great weather. The poem depicts a series of military heroes, countless legendary wars, and shows Tang Jun's great power to defeat the enemy, fanning a kind of arrogance. (2) Martial arts and customs. Joining the army has become the theme of repeated advocacy. Many poems enthusiastically praised the loyalty to the monarch and even the martial arts. At the same time, it is generally derogatory and pro-friendly. (3) the concept of self-confidence. Poetry shows a strong sense of national pride, and it is often easy to see the merits of defeating the enemy. When writing about the sufferings of war, there is also a bold connotation, and resentment contains heroism, so it does not make people feel depressed. (4) psychology of creation. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the people had great ambition and determination to fight "Never break Loulan and never return it". The poet is full of passion for the wonders of the frontier, and the realm of poetry is innovative. In addition, we often see a fearless spirit of "bringing", praising the music and dance, customs and products outside the Great Wall, and describing national friendship in many touching ways. All these have won high praise for frontier fortress poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, from which people can see the great national strength produced by frontier fortress poems. "

3. The dominant style of frontier poems in the middle Tang Dynasty is desolation. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty fell from the peak of prosperity and lost its advantages in foreign wars. Eunuch is authoritarian, the buffer region is independent, and the land is recovered. Poets often make bitter satires on the cowardly court. In order to recover the old things, poems always send out a low roar and show high fighting spirit; From time to time there came a sigh of grief and indignation. The old system of changing soldiers has been abolished, and homesickness has become a prominent theme in poetry. The description of the sufferings of the garrison has greatly increased, and many excellent works in this field have appeared. In the whole creation, the glory of the ideal gradually faded, and the color of reality became stronger and stronger.

4. The leading style of frontier poems in late Tang Dynasty is Xiao Sa. The color is gloomy, the scene is sad, the feelings are depressed, and the mood is low. Many poems describe the sufferings of soldiers, especially the description of blood and death. It has become a common phenomenon to associate frontier fortress with death. The enthusiasm of heroism is getting colder and colder, and the new trend of humanitarian thought takes its place. The criticism of ordinary generals is more acute and prominent, and the cry of soldiers is more painful. Correspondingly, the description of scenery often shows a bleak sadness, and the emotion of suppressing despair is very strong.