Quatrains on Passing the Huaqing Palace (Part 1)
Du Mu
Looking back at Chang'an, there are piles of embroidery, and thousands of doors are opening one after another on the top of the mountain.
The red concubine on horseback smiled, but no one knew it was lychee.
Appreciation
The former site of Huaqing officials is located on Lishan Mountain in Lintong, Shaanxi today. It was the palace of the Tang Dynasty. There are hot springs here with beautiful scenery, warm in winter and cool in summer. Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan often come here to play. It is said that Yang Yuhuan liked to eat fresh lychees. Every year, Li Longji ordered flying horses from Sichuan and Guangdong to transport them to Chang'an. Many people died for this purpose. "Passing the Huaqing Palace Quatrains" has three poems, and this is the first. This poem vividly and profoundly exposes the dissolute and decadent life of the feudal emperor through the typical incident of transporting fresh lychees.
This epic poem was written by Du Mu when he arrived in Chang'an via Huaqing Palace and felt that Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei were debauched and ruined the country. Huaqing Palace was once a recreation place for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Concubine Yang. According to the "New Book of Tang? Biography of Concubine Yang" it is recorded: "The concubine was addicted to lychees and she wanted to give birth to them. She rode them on a horse and traveled thousands of miles without changing her taste. , has arrived in the capital." Therefore, many officials died of exhaustion and the post horses fell to death on the road from Sichuan to Chang'an. "Passing the Huaqing Palace Quatrains" intercepts this historical fact, criticizes the arrogance, extravagance and ignorance of the feudal rulers, uses history to satirize the present, and warns the world's monarchs.
The poem praises the Huaqing Palace, but it starts with "Looking back at Chang'an", and the unfolding of the scenery in the sight leads the readers into the deeper realm. The first sentence describes the panoramic view of Huaqing that the poet saw when he looked back south at the Huaqing Palace in Chang'an. The word "looking back" is both a literal description and a starting point. "Embroidered piles" is a pun, which not only points out that Lishan Mountain is surrounded by Dongxiuling and Xixiuling on both sides, with lush trees, flowers and leaves, but also depicts the countless cascading and magnificent buildings nestled in it. Like a pile of brocade, the prosperity of Kaiyuan is hidden like a cluster of flowers. From this, the poet suddenly felt a sense of responsibility to review and reflect on history, and felt historical emotions from the scenery. It is precisely the following three sentences of "Thousands of doors on the top of the mountain are opened one after another" that carry on from above and look back on history. The second sentence advances the camera to focus on the top of the "embroidery pile", revealing the deep palace and gardens, from which we can see the luxury of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei's life at that time, and set up doubts for the readers: the palace gates are heavy, and the "thousands of people on the top of the mountain" Why does the door need to be opened "sequentially"? The first four words of the third sentence, "A ride in the world of mortals," are like a montage in a movie, shifting the reader's perspective to the mountain road: the loess is flying, and the ride is like flying. People can't help but feel suspense again because of these two jumping scenes: the forbidden door is opened continuously, and the horse is passing by. Is there any major military event? However, the three words "concubine laughs" suddenly changed, which made people feel relieved, but became more and more puzzled. They were even suffocated by the mysterious atmosphere and wanted to know the result immediately. The poet then revealed the answer implicitly and euphemistically: "No one knows. Here comes the lychee.” It turns out that this was all caused by Concubine Yang. When she saw "Yi Qi Hongchen" galloping towards her, she knew that the lychees for her enjoyment had arrived, so she "smiled" with joy. Others thought it was to deliver an urgent document, but who would have thought that what was about to be delivered was fresh lychees from Fuzhou! The conclusion of the poem is the highlight of the whole poem, revealing the root cause of the "An-Shi Rebellion": the luxury of this prosperous world has reached a level that is unimaginable! People can't help but think of the time when King You of Zhou smiled and teased the princes at war, which led to the defeat of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The poet chanted the anecdotes of Tianbao to warn subsequent monarchs not to delay state affairs due to greed for pleasure. However, the poet neither wrote about the "Anshi" chaos, Xuanzong's panic flight, or the tragedy of Maweipo's performance, nor did he list Xuanzong's entertainment, neglect of government, and arrogance and lewdness in life. Instead, he sent lychees from thousands of miles away to win the smile of the noble concubine. "Little things" emerge, and historical issues are discovered in subtle ways. "The Concubine Riding the Red Dust" is a wonderful contrast between the officer who is galloping on horseback and goes through all the trouble to deliver fresh lychees, and the concubine's charming smile, which vividly expresses such a serious historical theme in the word "laugh" Come out, it is highly generalized and typical.
Du Mu
Looking back at Chang'an, there are piles of embroidery and thousands of doors opening one after another on the top of the mountain.
The red concubine on horseback smiled, but no one knew it was lychee.
Appreciation
The former site of Huaqing officials is located on Lishan Mountain in Lintong, Shaanxi today. It was the palace of the Tang Dynasty. There are hot springs here with beautiful scenery, warm in winter and cool in summer. Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan often come here to play. It is said that Yang Yuhuan liked to eat fresh lychees. Every year, Li Longji ordered flying horses from Sichuan and Guangdong to transport them to Chang'an. Many people died for this purpose. "Passing the Huaqing Palace Quatrains" has three poems, and this is the first. This poem vividly and profoundly exposes the dissolute and decadent life of the feudal emperor through the typical incident of transporting fresh lychees.
This epic poem was written by Du Mu when he arrived in Chang'an via Huaqing Palace and felt that Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei were debauched and ruined the country. Huaqing Palace was once a recreation place for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Concubine Yang. According to the "New Book of Tang? Biography of Concubine Yang" it is recorded: "The concubine was addicted to lychees and she wanted to give birth to them. She rode them on a horse and traveled thousands of miles without changing her taste. , has arrived in the capital." Therefore, many officials died of exhaustion and the post horses fell to death on the road from Sichuan to Chang'an. "Passing the Huaqing Palace Quatrains" intercepts this historical fact, criticizes the arrogance, extravagance and ignorance of the feudal rulers, uses history to satirize the present, and warns the world's monarchs.
The poem praises the Huaqing Palace, but it starts with "Looking back at Chang'an". The unfolding of the scenery in the sight leads the readers into the deeper realm. The first sentence describes the panoramic view of Huaqing that the poet saw when he looked back south at the Huaqing Palace in Chang'an. The word "looking back" is both literal and instructive.
"Embroidered piles" is a pun, which not only points out that Lishan Mountain is surrounded by Dongxiuling and Xixiuling on both sides, with lush trees, flowers and leaves, but also depicts the countless cascading and magnificent buildings nestled in it. Like a pile of brocade, the prosperity of Kaiyuan is hidden like a cluster of flowers. From this, the poet suddenly felt a sense of responsibility to review and reflect on history, and felt historical emotions from the scenery. It is precisely the following three sentences of "Thousands of doors on the top of the mountain are opened one after another" that carry on from above and look back on history. The second sentence advances the camera to focus on the top of the "embroidery pile", revealing the deep palace and gardens, from which we can see the luxury of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei's life at that time, and set up doubts for the readers: the palace gates are heavy, and the "thousands of people on the top of the mountain" Why does the door need to be opened "sequentially"? The first four words of the third sentence, "A ride in the world of mortals," are like a montage in a movie, shifting the reader's perspective to the mountain road: the loess is flying, and the ride is like flying. People can't help but feel suspense again because of these two jumping scenes: the forbidden door is opened continuously, and the horse is passing by. Is there any major military event? However, the three words "concubine laughs" suddenly changed. Although people were relieved, they became more and more puzzled. They even held back the mysterious atmosphere and insisted on knowing the result immediately. Only then did the poet reveal the answer implicitly and euphemistically: "No one knows. Here comes the lychee." It turns out that this was all caused by Concubine Yang. When she saw "Yi Qi Hongchen" galloping towards her, she knew that the lychees for her enjoyment had arrived, so she "smiled" with joy. Others thought it was to deliver an urgent document, but who would have thought that what was about to be delivered was fresh lychees from Fuzhou! The conclusion of the poem is the highlight of the whole poem, revealing the root cause of the "Anshi Rebellion": the luxury of this prosperous world has reached a level that people can hardly imagine! People can't help but think of the time when King You of Zhou smiled and teased the princes at war, which led to the defeat of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The poet chanted the anecdotes of Tianbao to warn subsequent monarchs not to delay state affairs due to greed for pleasure. However, the poet neither wrote about the "Anshi" chaos, Xuanzong's panic flight, or the tragedy of Maweipo's performance, nor did he list Xuanzong's entertainment, neglect of government, and arrogance and lewdness in life. Instead, he sent lychees from thousands of miles away to win the smile of the noble concubine. "Little things" emerge, and historical issues are discovered in subtle details. "The Concubine Riding the Red Dust" is a wonderful contrast between the officer who is galloping on horseback and goes through all the trouble to deliver fresh lychees, and the concubine's charming smile, which vividly expresses such a serious historical theme in the word "laugh" Come out, it is highly generalized and typical.
Quequatrains
Du Fu
Chiri, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, and the spring breeze is fragrant with flowers and grass.
The mud melts and the swallows fly,
The sand is warm and the mandarin ducks sleep.
Annotations to the poems ①Chiri: From "The Book of Songs·Binfeng·July" "Spring is late". Because spring is getting longer, it is said to be Chiri. ② Mudong: This refers to the moistening of the soil.
Poetry Appreciation
In July 759 AD, Du Fu traveled from Huazhou via Qinzhou and Tonggu. After going through a lot of hardships, he arrived in Chengdu at the end of the year. He built a thatched cottage and began his guest and wandering life in the last stage of his life. Having just settled in thatched cottage in Chengdu, the author has entered a temporarily stable life period from the chaotic life of "four lines of labor at one year old" and "three years of hunger on the barren mountain roads". He feels a sense of relaxation, comfort and pleasure in his heart. This little poem is about it. Written during this period. The whole poem is very poetic and picturesque, with bright artistic conception and fresh style.
The first sentence starts from the big picture and blends the emotions into the scenery. "Chiri" refers to sunshine, and "Jiangshan" refers to the mountains and rivers around Huanhua Creek. The word "Li" depicts the scene of bright and gentle sunshine in early spring shining on the earth, with green fields and streams reflecting the sun. This creates a bright and open background for the spring scene of the whole poem, full of comfortable and joyful feelings. In the second sentence, the camera zooms in to focus on the unique images of spring - the warm "spring breeze", the first blooming "flowers", the lush "grass", and the rich "fragrance" of flowers and plants, further showing the bright spring scenery and giving People are welcome, the wind is gentle, flowers are blooming on the branches, and the wind carries the fragrance of flowers ten miles away, which makes the picture of spring more detailed.
The first two sentences go from far to near, depicting a bright and broad picture of spring and showing the rhythm of spring. The last two sentences use typical spring objects-swallows and mandarin ducks to express the vitality of spring and combine movement and stillness.
The third sentence outlines the moving scene. Spring is warm and flowers are blooming, the mud is melting and the soil is moist. Swallows are flying busily around after autumn and building nests in their mouths, making the spring landscape suddenly full of vitality. "Ni melts" closely follows the first sentence. Spring returns to the earth and the sun shines. The fourth sentence describes a quiet scene. The spring is warm, the sun is shining and the sand is warm. The mandarin ducks also want to enjoy the warmth of spring and sleep peacefully on the sandbank by the stream. This sentence not only refers to "Chi Ri", but also describes the leisurely and comfortable nature of the mandarin ducks. These two sentences, one "fly" and the other "sleep", complement each other interestingly.
In short, this quatrain uses one or two sentences to outline a broad and bright picture, and three or four sentences are embellished with moving and static swallows and mandarin ducks. In harmony and unity, they jointly constitute a very beautiful spring scene. In the picture, the poet's heartfelt joy in spring is also vividly displayed on the page. The verses are neatly contrasted, and the language is natural, clear, and seamless. It is a unique chapter in Du's poetry.
Du Fu - "Quequatrains"
Two orioles sing in the green willows,
A row of egrets ascends to the blue sky.
The window contains Qianqiu snow of Xiling,
The door is docked with a ship thousands of miles away from Dongwu.
Appreciation:
In the second year of Emperor Daizong Yingbao's reign (763), the Anshi Rebellion was put down, and Du Fu returned to the thatched cottage in Chengdu.
At this time, he was in a particularly comfortable mood. Facing the vibrant spring scenery, he couldn't help but happily write down his pen and write it down
in one stroke. This "spring scene picture" has both near and far, with sound and color; the contrast is interesting and bright
It is open; people and things are in harmony, movement and stillness are combined; a vitality, thousands of miles of spring scenery, not only depicts
It expresses the beauty of the mountains and rivers of the motherland and the joyful mood of the poet.
Du Fu
The blue birds in the river are more than white, and the blue flowers in the mountains are about to burn.
This spring has passed again and again, when is the return year?
This poem was written by Du Fu after he entered Shu, expressing his feelings about traveling in a foreign land. "The blue birds on the river are more than white, and the blue flowers on the mountains are about to burn." This is a landscape painting inlaid in a frame. The ink is soaked on the paper and the rich colors are applied to the picture. It has a dazzling charm. Look, the blue waves of the river are rippling, and the white-feathered waterbirds are fluttering across the river. What a pleasant scene! The mountains are green and green, and the flowers all over are extremely red. They are like burning a fire, so gorgeous and brilliant! The green of the river is used to contrast the white of the bird feathers, and the green and white complement each other; the green of the mountains is used to contrast the red of the flowers, and the green and red complement each other. The word "yu" makes the waterbirds take advantage of the blue background of the river to show the whiteness of their feathers, which is a profound painting; while the word "desire" is personified to give flowers a dynamic and swaying appearance. . The two poems describe the four scenes of rivers, mountains, flowers, and birds, and are painted with four colors of green, green, red, and white respectively. The scene is fresh and pleasing to the eye. However, the poet's intention is not here. Immediately afterwards, the writing style turns sharply and sighs
"This spring has passed again, when will the return year be"! The three words "look and pass" in the sentence directly point to the time when the poem was written. The scenery in late spring and early summer is not unsatisfactory, but unfortunately the years are passing by and the return date is far away. Instead of arousing the interest in traveling, it actually evokes the sadness of wandering.
The artistic characteristic of this poem is that it uses happy scenes to describe sadness. Only the harmonious spring scenery can be compared with the poet's eagerness to return home. It does not allow the sentimentality of homesickness to be revealed directly from the scene, but uses the difference between objective scenery and subjective feelings to reflect the depth of the poet's homesickness and its unique charm.
Looking at Tianmen Mountain
Li Bai
Tianmen interrupts the opening of the Chu River, and the clear water flows eastwards to this point.
The green mountains on both sides of the strait face each other, and the lone sail is coming from the sun.
[Appreciation Points]
1. The word "out" makes the originally motionless mountain belt dynamic and vividly expresses the "looking at Tianmen Mountain" during the boat trip. "The unique posture of Tianmen Mountain embodies the fresh joy of the people in the boat. <
2. Standing point: The poet is not standing somewhere on the shore looking at Tianmen Mountain in the distance. The footing point of his "looking" is the "lone sail" coming from the "sunside".
3. It expresses the poet’s love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland.
The Yellow Crane Tower sends Meng Haoran off to Guangling
Li Bai
The old friend bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and fireworks descended from Yangzhou in March.
The shadow of the lone sail in the distance is gone in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky.
[Appreciation Points]
1. The farewell between the author and his friends is pleasant, without any sadness at all. The Yellow Crane Tower evokes the association of immortals flying away, adding to the happy atmosphere of farewell. Therefore, the emotional tone of the whole poem is bright and joyful.
2. ① Set off. In late spring in March, the flowers are blooming and the spring atmosphere is strong, which brings out the happy mood when parting.
② Use scenery to express emotions. The last two lines of the poem are in front of the eyes, showing deep affection for friends and yearning for Li Bai.
Qiupu Song (Part 15)
Li Bai
The white hair is three thousand feet, and the fate is as long as the height?
I don’t know where to find the autumn frost in the mirror!
[Brief Analysis] 1. This poem expresses the poet's resentment and depression about his unfulfilled ambition and aging. He writes about his sorrow through his white hair.
2. The whole poem uses typical romantic artistic techniques, bold exaggeration and imagination, using the length of "white hair three thousand feet" to describe the depth of sorrow. From white hair to sorrow, " "Bi Zhong is happy". In the last sentence, "Qiu Shuang" is used to refer to white hair.
Jiang Nanchun
Du Mu
Thousands of miles away, the orioles are singing, the green is reflected in red, and the wine flags in the mountains and rivers are in the wind.
There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and many towers are in the mist.
[Brief Analysis] 1. The first two sentences of the poem, the contrast between red and green, mountains and rivers, villages, movement and stillness, sounds and colors, is the same as the gorgeous and bright Jiangnan. The last two sentences are hazy in the mist and rain. This is The poet used typical techniques to summarize the features of the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, such as mountains and rivers, dark willows and bright flowers, intricate tones, rich layers and three-dimensionality.