Epang Palace Fu: a vivid calendar G calendar
Note: the pronunciation of "Fang" here is the latest pronunciation, which can be found in the latest dictionary, and páng is the old pronunciation (read fáng or páng today).
Give the article a title. Du Muzuo in Tang Dynasty. Selected from Du Mu's Collected Works of Fan Chuan. Epang Palace was built by Qin Shihuang, but Qin died before it was built. Fu described the magnificence of Epang Palace and the luxury and debauchery of court life with rich imagination, and then pointed out that Qin did not hesitate to use the people's resources, only knew how to plunder the people's wealth and finally died. It is intended to use the metaphor of the Qin Dynasty to admonish the current emperor and satirize the ruler of the Tang Dynasty (Tang Jingzong) for drawing lessons from history. The rhetoric is gorgeous, the language is fluent, and the ending is implicit and tasteful.
In fact, according to contemporary archaeological evidence, the Epang Palace in history was never completed. The description in Du Mu's A Fang Gong Fu only exists in people's imagination.
[Edit this paragraph] Author introduction
Du Mu (803-852), formerly known as Mu Zhi, was named Du Fanchuan. Jingzhao wannian (now Shaanxi Xi) was born, the grandson of Prime Minister Du You. Tang Wenzong was a scholar in the second year of Taihe (828). Hong Wen Pavilion. I have been in charge of the imperial history department, catering department, Bibi department, Si Xunyuan Wailang, Huangzhou secretariat, Chizhou secretariat, Zhou Mu secretariat and Huzhou secretariat. Finally, the official wrote a book. In his early years, he was ambitious and advocated pacifying the buffer region, resisting the intrusion of Tubo and Uighur, strengthening national defense and saving the declining Tang Dynasty. Gradually become conservative and passive in his later years.
Du Mugong wrote poems, ci-poems, essays and ci-poems, among which his achievements in poetry creation were the highest, and he was unique in the late Tang Dynasty. He was a famous writer in the late Tang Dynasty. His prose is good at discussing, magnificent, daring to discuss the military, pointing out the shortcomings of the past, and has a strong reality, which inherits the fine tradition of China's ancient writers from Korea and Liupai. His poems are fresh in artistic conception and handsome in style, which is unique in the frivolous and gorgeous literary world in the late Tang Dynasty. Later people called him "Xiao Du" to replace Du Fu; It is also called "Little Du Li" because it is the same as Li Shangyin. Fan Chuan Villa, who lived in the south of Chang 'an in his later years, was later called "Mr. Fan Chuan" and "Du Fanchuan". There are 20 volumes of Collected Works of Fan Chuan handed down from ancient times.
[Edit this paragraph] Original text
After the completion of the six kings, the four seas are one, Shushan is upright, and Afang is out. Overpressure exceeds 300 miles, isolated from the sun. Mount Li is built in the north and folded in the west, leading directly to Xianyang. Erchuan dissolves and flows into the palace wall. Five steps to the first floor, ten steps to a pavilion; Corridor waist back, eaves high; Hold the terrain, intrigue. There are thousands of waves in the hive. What is a cloudless dragon lying on a long bridge? After the road is empty, don't blame Eric? High and low, I don't know the west and the east. Singing warm, spring is harmonious; Ballroom cold sleeves, wind and rain sad. Within a day, the climate is uneven between palaces.
The concubine, the prince and the grandson resigned from the downstairs hall and came to Qin. Singing at night, for Qin citizens. The stars are shining and the cosmetic mirror is on; Lv Yun came forward and combed Xiao Huan; Nutrient flow is greasy, and fat water is abandoned; The smoke is foggy and the pepper orchids are also burning. The thunder shook and the palace car passed; I don't know what I was doing when I was listening in the distance. A muscle, a capacity, extremely beautiful, standing overlooking, a face of good luck; There are still 36 years to hide. Zhao Yanzhi's collection, the rule of Han and Wei dynasties, the elite of Qi and Chu, plundered by generations, surrounded by mountains and waters; Once you can't get it, you lose it. Tinkling jade, gold nuggets and pebbles are thrown away and smashed, and Qin people regard them as the standard and do not cherish them.
Ha ha! One person's heart, ten thousand people's heart. Qin loves luxury and people are homesick. How can we use it like sand? Make the columns of negative buildings more than the farmers of nanmu; There are more rafters on the beam than working women on the plane; The phosphorus in onion is more than that in millet. The joints of ceramic tiles are uneven, more than the whole body silk; There are more vertical columns and cross sills than nine battlements; The orchestra's strings are hoarse, and they talk more than the city people. Let people all over the world dare not speak or get angry. The single husband's heart is getting more and more arrogant. The defenders shouted, the valley of letters closed, the Chu people burned, and the poor were scorched!
Oh! Those who destroy the six countries are also six countries, not Qin. Qin clan, Qin also, not the world also. Ha ha! Make the six countries love each other, enough to refuse Qin; Let the state of Qin love the six countries again, and give it to three generations to be king forever. Who wins and who dies? Qin people feel sorry for themselves, and later people mourn for them; Later generations grieved, failed to learn from it, and let future generations mourn for future generations.
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
The six countries collapsed and the world was unified. All the trees in the mountains of Sichuan were cut down and Epang Palace was built. It covers more than 300 miles, almost covering the sun. It starts from the north of Lishan Mountain and winds westward to Xianyang. Weishui and Fan Chuan, vastly flow into the palace wall. Five steps to the tall building and ten steps to the pavilion; The promenade is like a ribbon, winding and high eaves, pecking in the air like a bird's beak. These pavilions are surrounded by different terrains, cloisters are surrounded by hooks, and the cornices are towering, like battle horns. It twists and turns, as dense as a honeycomb, even like a water vortex. I don't know. Tens of millions. The long bridge lies in the water (like a dragon) and there is no cloud. Why is there a dragonfly? The corridor between pavilions is in mid-air (like a rainbow), but it is not after rain. How can there be a rainbow? The high and low pavilions are vague, which makes people unable to distinguish between east, west, north and south. People sing on the stage, and the music sounds like it is full of warmth, as warm as spring; People dancing in the temple, their sleeves fluttering, seem to bring cold, as bleak as wind and rain. On the same day, in the same palace, but the climate is very different.
The daughters and granddaughters of ladies-in-waiting, concubines, princes and nobles (six countries) bid farewell to the palace attic of the old country and got into the chariot and went to Qin State. Playing the piano and singing in the morning and evening, they became the concubines of Qin Shihuang. I saw the stars twinkling (early in the morning) and turned on the toilet mirror; Seeing the dark clouds disturbing, they combed their hair early in the morning; There is a layer of greasy water on the Weihe River, which they spilled powder water. Light smoke fills the air, and the fragrance is filled with fog, which is the special fragrance of pepper and orchid they burned. Suddenly, the loud noise was deafening, and the palace car passed by. I don't know where it's going, because the sound of the wheels is fading away. (Maid-in-waiting) tries her best to show her charm. Every skin and gesture are extremely touching. They stood and watched for a long time, hoping that the emperor would be lucky to come; (Poor) Some people have not seen the emperor for thirty-six years.
The treasures collected by Yan and Zhao, the gold and silver collected by Han and Wei, and the treasures preserved by Qi and Chu were plundered from the people for many years and generations, piling up like mountains. Once the country is destroyed and can no longer be occupied, it will be transported to Epang Palace. Baoding (regarded as) iron pot, Baoyu (regarded as) stone, gold (regarded as) clods and pearls (regarded as) are littered with gravel, which is rarely treated by Qin people.
Alas! One person's idea is also the idea of millions of people. Qin Shihuang liked prosperity and luxury, and the people also missed their homes. Why don't you even let go of a penny when you treasure, but treat it like sediment when you squander it? It even makes (Epang Palace) have more pillars supporting the girders than farmers in the fields; There are more rafters on beams than weaver girls on looms; There are more protruding nails than millet in the barn; Uneven tile joints, people wear silk thread; There are more straight railings and horizontal thresholds than the cloisters in Kyushu; Monotonous, rarely changing music, more than people in the city talk. (This) makes the people in the world dare not speak, but their hearts are full of anger. The tyrant Qin Shihuang became more and more arrogant and stubborn. So Chen Sheng and Guangwu rose up and Hangu was breached by Liu Bang. Xiang Yu set a fire, but the luxurious palace became a scorched earth!
Alas! It was the six countries themselves that destroyed the six countries, not the State of Qin. It was the king of Qin himself who destroyed the state of Qin, not everyone in the world. Alas! If the monarchs of the six countries can caress their own people, they can resist the state of Qin; If we can also cherish the people of the six countries, we can pass it on to the third generation, or even to generations as emperors. Who can destroy him? The rulers of Qin had no time to lament their own demise, but let future generations lament; If future generations lament rather than learn from it, then it is necessary for future generations to lament.
[Edit this paragraph] Self-study tips
Epanggong Fu is selected from Du Mu's Collected Works of Fan Chuan. This article was written in the year of Bao Li Yuan, Jing Zong, Emperor Taizong (825). In Preface to Shangzhi, the author said: "Bao Li is a big palace with a wide sound, pretending to be" Epang Palace Fu ". Therefore, this article is based on the ancient irony, that is, the historical fact of Qin Shihuang's extravagance and self-destruction, and fables that Emperor Tang Jingzong overhauled his palace.
The article is well-structured and structured. The first half describes the extravagance of Qin Shihuang in an exaggerated way: the first paragraph writes that the Epang Palace project is huge and magnificent; The second paragraph describes the luxury and corruption of court life. These two paragraphs are well written from the outside to the inside, from pavilions to character activities. The second half, from description to lyrical discussion. In the third paragraph, it is written that the blackmail of the Qin Dynasty led to the peasant uprising. Overthrow its rule; The fourth paragraph is intended to summarize the historical lessons of Qin's death, pointing out that "future generations" (referring to the rulers at that time) will surely repeat the mistakes of history if they do not learn from them. These two paragraphs are very clear from ancient times to the present.
In this form, Fu pays attention to the neatness of words and the harmony of tones, exaggerates the description of things, and often adds a note at the end to express the meaning of allegory. It is a genre between poetry and prose. This paper has all these characteristics.
This article is full of passion, exquisite language and rich literary talent, both in description and discussion. Sometimes parallel prose is two-way and changes neatly; Sometimes the metaphor is apt and vivid; Sometimes parallelism is used to make the article full of momentum.