meaning
Define poetry pinyin: shρwén ideographic: refers to an article like a poem with rich connotations.
Development history
In the history of China literature, the earliest poem we can see is The Book of Songs, which is about 3000 years ago. This is the earliest collection of poems in China, with a total of 305 poems, which was called "Poetry" or "Poetry 300" in ancient times. Its content consists of three parts: wind, elegance and praise, which are divided from the perspective of music. There are three ways of expression: Fu, Bi and Xing. Therefore, predecessors called it "wind, elegance, praise" and "fu, comparison, xing" six-meaning poems. Syntactically, language is basically four words and one sentence. Following the Book of Songs, in the 4th century BC, a new style of poetry appeared in the State of Chu, called Songs of the Chu, and its founder was Qu Yuan. Later, the Han people compiled the works written by Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others into a book called Songs of the South. The Songs of Chu broke through four sentences in the Book of Songs and developed into five-character sentences and seven-character sentences, that is, even sentences (four words in a sentence) were changed into odd sentences (five words in a sentence and seven words in a sentence), which not only better expressed thoughts and feelings, but also made the rhythm and rhythm more musical. In the Han Dynasty, Yuefu Poetry, a poem sung with music, appeared. There are four words, five words and miscellaneous words in language, but most of them are five words. Later, the literati headed by Cao Cao and his son and Tao Yuanming developed five-character poems. At the same time, seven-character poems have also developed greatly. Before Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the rhythm and rhyme of poetry had not formed a rule that everyone followed, but the author wrote it according to his personal content needs and rhyme feeling. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, influenced by Indian Sanskrit phonology (called Tianzhu in ancient times), phonology in China developed. Zhou Ai and Shen Yue of Qi Liang summed up the pronunciation rules of Chinese characters and put forward the theories of "four tones" and "eight diseases", which made poetry creation develop from natural rhythm to pursuit of rhythm, and the nature of paying attention to levelness and rhythm appeared in poetry writing, forming the main content of metrical poetry. Tang Dynasty is the heyday of China's poetry development and the golden age of classical poetry. On the basis of inheriting the poems of the previous generation, the poems of the Tang Dynasty developed further and formed a fixed classification. There are two kinds of classification, one is ancient poetry, also called ancient style; The so-called ancient poetry refers to imitating the traditional poetry style before the Tang Dynasty, which has no certain meter, can be divided into length, is relatively free in rhyme and level, and the number of words in the sentence is neat and irregular; Among them, there are mainly five-character ancient style and seven-character ancient style. Second, modern poetry, also known as modern poetry (this "modern" refers to the Tang Dynasty), is what we call metrical poetry; Modern poetry is not as free as classical poetry, and it has strict requirements in length, rhyme, parallelism and antithesis. Basically, it can be divided into two types: metrical poems and quatrains. Rhymes and quatrains are divided into five words and seven words, and rhymes with more than eight sentences are called rhymes. In the middle Tang Dynasty, a new genre was derived from poetry, which was the most developed in the Song Dynasty, namely Ci. Because words originate from poetry, words are also called "poems"; In addition, because of the different lengths of words in sentences, the ancients also called them "long and short sentences". In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, a new genre appeared, called Qu, also called Sanqu. Qu can be said to be another word. So what's the difference between it and words? The language is closer to spoken English except that the accompaniment instruments are different when singing. The most prominent feature is that interlining can be added. For example, Zhang's "One of the Three Leisure Songs" said, "Yesterday, the flowers are bright, but now it is raining, and the society is suffering. (No) Mud stinks, (How to) kill (this) sun and moon. " The words in brackets are called lines. China's classical poetry developed to the late Qing Dynasty, but the form could not meet the requirements of social progress. 1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Liang Qichao, Tan Sitong, Xia Cengyou and others called for a "revolution in poetry", and Huang Zunxian initiated a "new poetry school", all of which played a leading role in the later "May 4th" new poetry movement. The magazine that first tried and advocated new poetry was New Youth. Following the publication of Hu Shi's My Humble Opinion on Literary Improvement by Crescent Poetry Society, this magazine published eight vernacular poems of Hu Shi in Volume 2, No.6 19 17. This is the first batch of vernacular poems in China poetry movement. Nine vernacular poems by Hu Shi, Liu Bannong and Shen were published in four volumes (1). Liu Bannong's Separated by a Layer of Paper is the earliest work in new poetry that sympathizes with the life of the bottom people and reveals the humanitarian theme. Shen's "Three Strings" began to express life in a new language and way, paying attention to the beauty and harmony of phonology. Liu Bannong is closely related to Liu Dabai, who writes old dreams and kisses by email, mostly expressing people's sufferings, while Red New Year and Song of Labor Day express his yearning for the new world. He pays great attention to drawing lessons from folk songs. 1920 In March, Hu Shi's Trial Collection was published, which was the first vernacular new poetry collection during the May 4th New Culture Movement. Hu Shi believes that the revolutionary movement of ancient and modern literature always begins with the great liberation of style, so he puts forward: "To have new content and new spirit, we must first break the shackles that bind the spirit" (on new poetry). As the first person who advocated writing poems in vernacular Chinese, he advocated that the style of new poetry was free and informal, which was of positive significance to the creation of new poetry and directly led to the formation of the original free poetry school in the May Fourth Movement. In addition to Hu Shi, Liu Bannong and Shen, Chen Duxiu, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Li Dazhao and others were the first people who tried new poetry based on New Youth. They devoted themselves to the creation of free verse. Among them, Zhou Zuoren's Little River is a symbol of getting rid of the influence of old poems and becoming self-reliant. This poem constitutes a metaphor with plain and quiet spoken language, which implies the tragic conflict caused by violating the laws of nature and expresses the thoughts and demands of individual liberation. Later publications such as New Youth, New Trends and Weekly Review also united a group of pioneers of new poetry, such as Yu Pingbo who wrote Winter Night, Kang who wrote Weeds, Zhu Ziqing who wrote Traces, Liang who wrote Childlike Heart and Evening Prayer. Poets of the Literature Research Association demonstrated their creative strength with the poem Snow Dynasty by Zheng Zhenduo, Zhou Zuoren, Yu Pingbo, Xu Yunuo, Ye, Zhu Ziqing. They aim at "art for life" and pursue "nature" and "frankness", so that the actual scenes of riffraff are integrated into simple and fresh poems, thus strengthening the realistic power in freestyle vernacular poems. Due to the poet's active practice in the literary research society, the early new poetry opened a realistic tendency of paying attention to social life, facing life, exposing darkness and intervening in life by means of new poetry. Zhu Ziqing is one of the outstanding poets. His "Destruction" describes the ambivalence of young people "struggling for temptation and longing for destruction" after the ebb tide of the May 4th Movement in a long lyrical way, leaving a "distinct step". His poems in Traces have gone beyond attempts and matured, showing the poet's spirit of actively facing up to reality. Wang Tongzhao also published The Times, and the poems in the collection of poems conveyed the bitterness of the world through hazy images. Bing Xin is also one of the authors who started writing activities earlier in the literary research society. In addition to novels and essays, he is also good at writing fragments of sudden philosophical thinking in the form of short poems. Her representative works "Stars" and "Springs" are deeply influenced by Tagore, glittering and translucent and beautiful, and are saturated with maternal love and childlike innocence under the theme of human nature. These short poems of life experience, which are composed of pearls of wisdom and emotion, are free and lively in content and eclectic in form, conveying the free atmosphere of open mind in the May 4th era. This is also related to the pursuit of abandoning the stereotyped lyricism and attaching importance to rational interpretation after the new poetry became independent from the old poetry. For a time, there were many writers, which formed the small poem movement in the history of new poetry. Among them, Zong Baihua's Cloud Poetry has a great influence. During the May 4th Movement, young men and women were eager to get rid of the shackles of the old feudal ethics, and the poetry anthology Song of Lakeside and Spring by Wang Jingzhi, Pan Mohua and Ying Xiuren attracted worldwide attention. Wang Jingzhi also has the wind of benefiting and being lonely. These works show the courage and passion to fight for freedom of marriage and oppose feudalism.
Modern poetry
My motherland, the Yangtze River and the Yellow River cross the mountains and rivers of China, showing splendid journeys everywhere, such as golden lamps illuminating the sails of a long voyage. My motherland, with your wise soul, led all the people in the world to open up a broad road, making the motherland as beautiful as a flower and depicting the glory of the East. My beautiful motherland, reading the burning soul from your spirit and your blueprint, has the difficulty for you to open up a brilliant tomorrow. Charming and beautiful, I am full of simple feelings, and I wish my motherland more prosperity and brightness. My motherland, the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Great Wall, has created a vision to illuminate the world's reform and opening up. I am proud of the glory of my motherland. The dawn-like sun of my motherland holds firm beliefs and turns surging fighting spirit into eternal persistence to create a better tomorrow. The cradle of oriental civilization of the great motherland is like a Mercedes-Benz train, facing the dawn of the century with burning faith and heading for a more brilliant future.