1. "Yizhao" and "One Point" in "Playing with the Moon Presenting the King of Hanzhong"
Du Fu's "Playing with the Moon Presenting the King of Hanzhong": "The dew is clear in the deep night, and the moon on the river is clear." Manjiang City. The floating guest is sitting in danger, and he should go alone when he returns to the boat. The bird is frightened by the same photo of Guanshan. The wind blows him and makes him faint. Make "a little bit". In the dispute over the different texts, those who annotate Du and interpret Du in ancient and modern times each have their own merits. The main speakers of "Yizhao" include Zhao Cigong ("Du Shi, Zhao Cigong's successive interpretations, compilations and proofs", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2012 edition), Wang Sishi ("Du Fu", Volume 5, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1983 edition), Qiu Zhaoao ("Du Shi Detailed Annotations"). 》, Zhonghua Book Company), etc., modern scholars also often use this theory. Those who advocate "one point" include Huang Xi and Yang Shen ("Guanshan one point" article in Volume 14 of "Sheng'an Poetry Talk"), etc. Modern scholars such as Cao Mufan also hold this view.
Those who focus on "Yizhao" mostly start from the inheritance and poetic context analysis of the "Guanshan" image. For example, the article "Guan Shan Yue" in Volume 6 of "Neng Gai Zhai Man Lu" says: "The king of Zhou praised the poem "Guan Shan Yue" and said: 'The moon is bright at night in Guan Shan, and its sad color shines on the lone star. Half the shape is the same as the Han formation, and the whole shadow is Chasing the Hu soldiers... Gu Zimei chanted the words "Guanshan is empty and cold" in "The First Moon", "Guanshan is shining in the same light" in "Wanyue Presenting to the King of Hanzhong". "It's bright in several places." Another poem in "Send to Zhang Biao" says, "The letter in Guanshan is bright"..." (Volume 6 of "Neng Gaizhai Man Lu", published by Zhonghua Book Company in 1960). This article in "Neng Gai Zhai Man Lu" closely follows the traditional images of "Guan Shan" and "Moon", and points out the relationship between "light" and "shadow" between the two; in it, Du Fu sorted out several "Guan Shan" The poems written by "Moon" all inherit this tradition of "light" and "shadow". From this point of view, it can be said that Du Fu's poem "Wandering with the Moon Presents the King of Hanzhong" is regarded as "a photo" rather than a "point", which can be said to be based on solid evidence. Huang Sheng's "Du Shi Shuo" said: "'The same photo', 'Zi Duo Jing', the tone is corresponding. The old note said that the rare book is 'dian' to prove Dongpo's sentence 'a little bright moon'. This Song Dynasty person intended to flatter Su "Ear." ("Du Shi Shuo", Huangshan Publishing House, 1994 edition). Huang Sheng holds the theory of "one photo" and proves its credibility from the poetic context. What he calls "'same photo', 'self-surprised' and corresponding tone". For example, "dot" and "the word is sincere, but what if the sentence does not correspond to it?" refers to the smoothness of the poetic context and syntactic structure. "Du Shishuo": "The poem "Wanyue" in the poem "Guanshan is illuminated by the same light, and the crows and magpies are frightened by themselves." There is no need to refer to it, it is a good sentence. I am afraid of the bright light, so I "illuminate" the same but startle alone, and the meaning is from Cao Mengde. "The moon shines and the stars are few" comes from four words. Maybe changing "zhao" to "point" doesn't make sense. Dongpo's "one point bright moon" must be original." ("Du Shijue" Volume 2, "Sikuquanshu") "Book). Perhaps because it is difficult to unblock the poetic meaning by insisting on the "one point" theory, which destroys the aesthetic realm of the moon shining on Guanshan, Yuan Mei and others disagree, thinking that changing "Guanshan's same photo" to "the same point" is a "touch of gold" ("Sui"). "Garden Poems", Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 2006 edition).
The main basis for the "one point" is Su Shi's "Dong Xian Song" poem "A little bright moon can peek at people". Huang Xi from the Song Dynasty said: "'Zhao', or 'Dian', is like this in rare books, so Dongpo has the word 'A little bright moon'." ("Supplementary Notes on Du Shi" Volume 23, "Sikuquanshu" "Book). Huang Xi has two basis for this statement: First, the so-called "rare book" is called "one point". The traditional Chinese version of "Point" is "Point", which is similar in shape to "Zhao", so errors are prone to occur when copying and engraving. Therefore, Huang Xi's theory of "rare books" is not convincing. Therefore, later generations who advocate "one point" often take Huang Xi's second reason and think that Su Shi's poem "a point of bright moon peeks at people" uses "point" to write the moon, which is inherited from Du Fu's "Wanying at the Moon Presents the King of Hanzhong". For example, Chen Xiumin of the Yuan Dynasty recorded in "Dongpo's Poems": "Du's poem 'Guanshan is at the same point' has a wonderful word for 'point'. Dongpo also loved it very much. He wrote "Dong Xian Song" and said, 'A little bright moon peeks at people' using his words. Also. "Red Cliff Ode" says, "The mountain is high and the moon is small," which is what it means. , quoting Du Fu's "Zhang Twelve joined the army and went to Shuzhou because he was Yang Wu's servant" "Two rows of Qin trees are straight, and ten thousand points are on the top of Shushan Mountain" as the basis ("The Complete Collection of Du Poems and Miscellanies", Sanlian Bookstore 2009 edition).
In comparison, "yi zhao" means plain and "yidian" means twists and turns. The previous quotation from Chen Xiumin's "Dongpo Poetry Record" said that "the word 'point' is exquisite". If it is used as "zhao", "children can do it, why should Du Gong do it", which reveals this meaning.
There are three grounds for the "Yidian" theory: first, the so-called rare book is "Dian"; second, Su Shi's "Ci of Dongxian" "A little bright moon can peek at people"; third, Du's poem "Zhang Twelve joined the army and went to Shuzhou because he was Yang Wu's servant" "Two rows of straight Qin trees, thousands of points on the top of Shushan". There are many doubts about the "one point" theory, which seems undesirable, so I will summarize them as follows.
Because the so-called good book is a vague term, and the "Yizhao" theory also means that the word "dian" is tampered with by ignorant people. The traditional Chinese version of "Point" is "Point", which is similar in shape to "Zhao", so errors are prone to occur when copying and engraving. Therefore, the first point can be ignored.
Let’s look at “A Little Bright Moon Peering into People” first. Su Shi's poem goes like this: "Icy muscles and jade bones, naturally cool and sweat-free. The wind coming from the water palace is full of secret fragrance. The embroidered curtain is open, a bright moon peeks at people, but they are not sleeping, and the pillows and hairpins are messy." Among them, "embroidered curtains" "Open a little bright moon to peek at people", generally translated as "Open the embroidered curtain, peek at people with a little bright moon". However, there are also different sentences, which are said to be "open the embroidered curtain a little, and the bright moon can peek at people" (Hu Yinglin, "Shaoshi Shanfang Brush Collection", Shanghai Bookstore, 2001 edition).
Even if it is based on "the embroidered curtain is opened and a bright moon peeks at people", its "a little bright moon" may not follow "Wanyue Presents the King of Hanzhong" and uses "dot" to write the moon. Writing the moon with "point" focuses on describing the shape of the moon, while writing the moon with "zhao" focuses on the moonlight. There is an obvious difference between the two. Su Shi's "A bright moon peeks at people" is similar to the Tang Dynasty poet Cen Shen's "Send Li Ming Mansion to Muzhou to pay homage to Mrs. Tai" and "Yantan is a little bright and the moon is in the boat" (Zhou Ying's "卮林" Volume 8 "Guanshan is a little" quotes a lot of relevant information , you can refer to it. It is mentioned that "Zizhan's 'Yidian Ming Yue' is a sentence of Cen's 'Yantan', which is not the ancestor of Shaoling"). Modify "Mingyue" with "a little bit", its focus is on the moon, which is small. Du Fu's poem "Guanshan is illuminated by the same light" focuses on the moonlight, which is different from Cen and Su's poems that focus on the moon. For example, Du Fu's "Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou" has the sentence "...the vast mountains are surrounded by thousands of mountains, in the valleys of the lonely city. There is no wind or cloud outside the fortress, and the moon is never dark when approaching the pass...". "Lin" and "Zhao" agree. Many people in the Tang Dynasty used "Yizhao" to describe the arrival of moonlight. For example, Bai Juyi's "In the First Summer I Visited Kaiyuan Temple with Zhu Zheng because I Stayed and Wandered in the Moon": "...The sky became clear again in the evening, and the afterglow clouds hung in the southeast. I placed the wine on the west porch and waited for the moon cup to arrive late. In a moment, the golden soul was born, as if it were with my disciples. When the brilliance shines, the buildings and halls are different..." (Volume 5 of "Bai Juyi Collection", Zhonghua Book Company, 1979) Ouyang Zhan's "Autumn Moon Ode": "Fortunately, the gentleman looks like the moon, and the remaining light shines." ("Wenyuan Yinghua") Volume 7, Zhonghua Book Company 1966 edition). In both cases, the emphasis is on the moonlight rather than the moon itself, which is the same as Du's poem "Guanshan is illuminated by the same light". There is a long tradition in classical poetry to write about moonlight as "shine". If we cite Su Shi's poems as evidence, a more appropriate one would be the poem "Meng Xue" which says "Before the door opens, the mountains are white, and the mountains look up and look the same" ("Chronological Notes of Su Shi's Collected Works (with Poems)", Bashu Publishing House, 2011 edition). The so-called "same picture of pitching" seems to be born out of "the same picture of Guanshan". What reason do we have to ignore Su Shi's "Looking down at the same photo" and choose the questionable sentence "Open the embroidered curtain a little and let the moon peek at people" as evidence?
Let’s look at “Ten Thousand Points of Shushan Peak” again. Mr. Cao cited Du Fu's "Zhang Twelve joined the army and went to Shuzhou because he was Yang Wu's servant", "Two rows of Qin trees are straight, and thousands of points are on the top of Shushan" to argue that "one point" is true. According to this, "ten thousand points at the top of Shushan Mountain" cannot prove that the poem "Wanyue Presents the King of Hanzhong" is "one point". "Ten thousand points" describes the various and dangerous mountains in the Shu region in imagination, and uses this to take "the same point in the mountains". Then what is "one point"? "Guanshan and the moon are both one point" or "Guanshan and the moon are both one point"? What is the relationship between this kind of explanation and the next sentence "The crow is frightened by itself"? The "point" of "Ten Thousand Points on the Top of Shushan Mountain" can be found in Du Fu's "Xi Feng": "The light coming from the fortress is small, but the point falling on the edge of the clouds is incomplete": if the distance is small, it can be tied to the "point". And "Guanshan is in the same photo, and the black magpie is frightened", which is related to the three elements of "Guanshan", "moon" and "crowd magpie", and the center is not the slightest shape of the moon. If there is no light "shining" as the connection between the three, the interpretation of these two poems may be in a state of fragmentation. In short, no matter whether it is based on the inheritance of poetic intention or focusing on syntactic analysis, the "one point" theory is unconvincing.
2. "Few families" and "Thousands of families" in "Ge Night"
Du Fu's poem "Ge Night": "At the end of the year, the yin and yang rush to shorten the scene, and the frost and snow at the end of the world are cold at night. The sound of drums and horns is solemn at the fifth watch, and the shadows of the Three Gorges stars are shaken. Several families are crying in the wild, and fishermen and woodcutter are rising in many places. The horses are crouching in the loess, and the people are lonely. "There are two variations in the third couplet of this poem: "Several families" versus "thousands of families", "this place" versus "several places" and "several places". Among them, "several families" and "thousands of families" are the key. The choice of "this place", "several places" and "several places" is related to the choice of "several families" and "thousands of families" in the previous sentence. Here is a brief examination of the different texts of "a few families" and "a thousand families".
Those who choose "several families" include the Song version of "Du Gongbu Collection", "Jiujia Collection Annotating Du Poems", "Du Poems Zhao Cigong successively interpreted", "Qian Annotated Du Poems", etc. Those who have taken "Qianjia" include "Divided Collection and Annotation of Du Gongbu's Poems", "Collection and Annotation of Du Gongbu's Poems", etc. Modern scholars also have different choices about the variations of "several families" and "qianjia". For example, Mr. Chen Yizhen chose "The wild cries when thousands of families heard about the war" ("A Critical Biography of Du Fu", Peking University Press, 2003 edition), and Mr. Zhang Zhonggang chose "The wild cry when several families heard about the war" ("Selected Poems of Du Fu", 2009 edition by Zhonghua Book Company) ).
Regarding the distinction between "thousands of families" and "several families", although each family has adopted different texts throughout the history, few have stated the reasons why they adopted them, so it is difficult to judge which one is better and which one is worse. Huang Sheng from the Qing Dynasty was slightly different. He differentiated between "thousands of families" and "several families" and gave the reasons for his choice. It is said that if you take "thousands of families", "it seems too noisy" ("Du Shi Shuo", Huangshan Publishing House, 1994 edition). The so-called "too noisy" should come from the experience of poetry. If we take "Thousands of Houses", the night sky is filled with the sound of "Wild Crying", how can we get the realm of "Yi Song" and "Fishing and Woodcutter"? If you take "several families", the poetic scene will be clear. The "wild cries" and "barbarian songs" in Du Fu's poem should belong to the current situation and are not entirely imaginary. His poem of the same period, "The Powdering of Rice and Yong Huai" also has the same description: "The weeping in the wilds is the first to hear the war, and the woodcutter songs have left the village a little." If the local population involved in Du Fu's poem is taken into view, we may also get "several families" "To be credible. The poem "Baiyan Mountain" has the sentence "Bai Xuan has thousands of families", the poem "Bai Di" has the sentence "Thousands of families now have hundreds of families", and the third poem of "Eight Poems of Autumn Xing" has the sentence "Qianjia Mountain Guo Jing Zhaohui". Baidi City is a city of thousands of families, and there should be no scenes of "thousands of families" crying wildly in the nearby mountains and fields. Based on this, the difference between the two sentences in the poem "Ge Ye", "A thousand families cry in the wild when they hear about the war" and "A few families cry in the wild when they hear about the war" may be regarded as "a few families".
(Author’s unit: College of Liberal Arts, Anhui University)