Zhu's Preface to Notes on Poetry in the late Ming Dynasty pointed out that the ancients often misunderstood Li Shangyin's poems. He said, "Literati don't look at the ending of the story, but they like' gifted scholars' and' prodigal sons', that is, they love their poems, but they just feel embarrassed. This cannot be said that the world knows people's principles. " This misunderstanding still exists in the study of modern Li Shangyin, and Mr. Su, a modern writer, can be regarded as a representative in this respect.
1927, Su's monograph "An Investigation of Love Stories" (the title of Yu Xi Poetry Mystery was published by the Commercial Press 1947 reprint), which gave the academic community a refreshing feeling. Su inherited the research results of harmony between people in Qing Dynasty, and pointed out that Li Shangyin had an affair with a female Taoist in his early years, which was still based on certain facts. The problem is that the novelist Su's imagination is too rich, and her interpretation of poetry is different from others' cautious attitude. Notes on Yu Xi Sheng Shi is a non-chronological poem, and its notes on Saint Hall (Songhuangtai Hall) say: "The successful work is called the female crown, which is similar in shape but not detailed." Feng is good at poetry, but he still dares not try to explain people word for word. This suspicious attitude is the attitude of seeking truth from facts. Now, let's compare with Su's different comments on the poem "Galaxy blowing sheng". There is a poem that says: I hope the Milky Way blows jade, and the cold building is cold and bright.
Dream about the end of your life again, don't hold a woman's night terrors.
The moon pavilion is fragrant because of the rain, and the residual candle in the wind curtain is self-frosted.
There is no need to make waves. Qin Xiao has his own feelings. Feng Hao wrote: "The last four sentences are full of dreams. It's only been a year, and it was hard to ban last night. It started before dawn. I hope the Milky Way in blowing sheng can relieve boredom. It's always confusing because you refuse to say it directly. Lushan Mountain specializes in fairyland, and the color of the piano is married to the Milky Way. This must be a female crown, not a funeral. " The poet fell in love with a female Taoist in his early years. He was married, so he refused to tell him directly, but he couldn't help writing poems to express his feelings. Feng Hao can see from the mythological allusions of Xiangling playing the flute and Shaw History playing the flute that he married the female crown, which is very consistent with the implicit allusions and rich connotations of Li Shangyin's poems, and this is exactly how to know people and discuss the world.
Su's explanation inevitably smacks of novel creation. She said: "Since the female Taoist priest left a mountain, the lingering feelings of a mountain are not as good as her attachment." The building in the cold courtyard is cold "and it is said that no one is there and the building is colder." ..... Female Taoist hates Yishan, so she will concentrate on monasticism, not to mention the affection of her children. In fact, he fell in love with another feather. Yishan also knew that what she said was a pack of lies, so the last two sentences advised her in a tone of hatred and ridicule: Why do you pretend to be a monk to cheat me? I'm afraid you think Qin Xiao has long advocated peace there! "(3) This is really a great injustice! Li Shangyin became a loser in a love triangle, and such a beautiful poem became a sour word to his lover. Ancient fairy tales were distorted into the harmony between Li Shangyin's lover and rival in love. This interpretation of poetry is really bizarre!
Even more bizarre, Su was the first to discover from Li Shangyin's poems that he had an affair with the emperor's two concubines. "Say, Sue? A href=mailto: Arthur is a souvenir given by the imperial secretary to Yishan. Their love is "a rare adventure among literati since ancient times, and the first tragedy in the history of love." Mr. Su's imagination is too rich. Her thesis is a sad novel, but it is not a scientific paper on Li Shangyin. Readers must not be fooled. Fei Luan and Qing Feng stayed in the palace for a long time. At that time, Li Shangyin was only fourteen years old. Poor mountain, entrusted by family. Less than twenty years old, he began to make a living under the protection of local officials and tried to solve his family's livelihood. Li Shangyin, a poor and helpless young man, was able to break into the palace and fall in love with the emperor's maids. This is a dream made up by Mr. Su. Because some young college students still don't know the book "Yu Xi Shi Fan", I have to make a brief evaluation of this book when I talk about Li Shangyin's early love poems. & gt Arthur is a souvenir given by the imperial secretary to Yishan, and their love is "a rare adventure among scholars since ancient times, the first tragedy in the history of love." Mr. Su's imagination is too rich. Her thesis is a sad novel, but it is not a scientific paper on Li Shangyin. Readers must not be fooled. Fei Luan and Qing Feng stayed in the palace for a long time. At that time, Li Shangyin was only fourteen years old. Poor mountain, entrusted by family. Less than twenty years old, he began to make a living under the protection of local officials and tried to solve his family's livelihood. Li Shangyin, a poor and helpless young man, was able to break into the palace and fall in love with the emperor's maids. This is a dream made up by Mr. Su. Because some young college students still don't know the book "Yu Xi Shi Fan", I have to make a brief evaluation of this book when I talk about Li Shangyin's early love poems.
Li Shangyin's puppy love object is a girl named Liu Zhi. There are "Five Poems of Willow Branches" on a mountain. In the preface, it says: Her father is a wealthy businessman in Luoyang. When he was doing business, he was caught in a storm and capsized and drowned. Liu Zhi has several brothers, but her mother likes this daughter best. The poet is only twenty-three years old, just when he is brilliant and full of youthful enthusiasm. He fell in love with Liuzhi, a seventeen-year-old girl, on his journey from Luoyang to Chang 'an. Naive willow branch girl can play the piano and pipe, and can make songs of the sea and the sky; Their understanding and appreciation of poetry is also very high, and their love medium is poetry. Li Rangshan, the poet's cousin, lives in Luoyang and is a neighbor of Herry Liu. That spring, let Shan read aloud the poet's poem Yantai. Herry Liu listened to this meaningful love poem and asked who wrote it. Let Dashan say it was my cousin Li Yishan. So, the willow branches broke their clothes and asked Rongshan to give Yishan a poem. The next day, the poet rode with Rangshan to the alley of Liu Zhifu. Six branches were wrapped in a double bun and their arms crossed under the door, pointing to the poet and saying, "Burn incense in three days, please come to Mr. Lang." The poet happily agreed to Herry Liu's invitation, but a friend of Li Shangyin mischievously took him to Chang 'an, so the poet had to catch up with the joking friend and lost his appointment with Herry Liu. This winter, let the mountain come to Chang 'an with snow and tell Li Shangyin that "the willow branch has been married to be a concubine by a local governor in Kanto". Yishan was very sad and wrote five poems about willow branches. Please let the mountain be engraved in the former residence of Liuzhi. Let's take a look at these five sad and touching poems: greenhouse and honey spleen, bee is male and butterfly is female. At the same time, different classes, so more lovesickness?
This is a lilac tree, and the spring knot begins to grow. Jade plays chess, and the center is uneven.
Good melons attract vines, jasper is cold and cold, although Dongling is colorful, it can't bear to be fragrant.
The willow branches on the well are flat, the lotus leaves in the middle are withered, and the embroidered feathers on the land and water are residual.
The screen is embroidered with obstacles, and things are self-contained. How to look at the lake is just to see mandarin ducks. The poem shows his deep yearning for the willow branch, his considerate care for her life, and his dedication? A href=mailto: I'm still worried, and I feel endless regret that I can't combine with her. The love between the poet and the willow branches is by no means what is said in the preface to Five Poems of the Willow Branches. It seems like an accidental meeting. In fact, there may be a more sad and touching inside story, which is deliberately avoided in the preface. These five poems show Li Shangyin's sincere love, his seriousness, his deep affection and his righteousness. The third song "The first two sentences praise Herry Liu's wisdom and beauty, and the second sentence says that although she is so wonderful, she can't bear to underestimate her enemy" (5) His respect and consideration for Herry Liu is by no means comparable to that of romantic poets Du Mu and Wen at that time. The fourth song, Brocade Embroiders Feathers, Both Land and Water are Disabled, describes the destruction of Hui Mei willow branches by the governors of the Eastern Jin Dynasty with rare birds and fish. He is deeply worried about the fate of his relatives. The fifth sigh, there are many beautiful things in the world that can be paired, but they can't be combined with the beloved willow branches, leaving endless regrets. & gt He is worried and feels endless regret for not being able to combine with her. The love between the poet and the willow branches is by no means what is said in the preface to Five Poems of the Willow Branches. It seems like an accidental meeting. In fact, there may be a more sad and touching inside story, which is deliberately avoided in the preface. These five poems show Li Shangyin's sincerity and deep love, as well as his seriousness. In the third song, "The first two sentences praise Herry Liu's wisdom and beauty, and the second sentence says that although she is so wonderful, she can't bear to underestimate her enemy" (5) His respect and consideration for Herry Liu is by no means comparable to the "fickleness" of romantic poets Du Mu and Wen towards women at that time. The fourth song, Brocade Embroiders Feathers, Both Land and Water are Disabled, describes the destruction of Hui Mei willow branches by the governors of the Eastern Jin Dynasty with rare birds and fish. He is deeply worried about the fate of his relatives. The fifth sigh, there are many beautiful things in the world that can be paired, but they can't be combined with the beloved willow branches, leaving endless regrets.
Five Poems of Willow Branches is the best love poem of Li Shangyin's early period, which shows that he is right. A href=mailto: Pursuing love and noble sentiments. This is based on the poet's love confession in fact and experience. We shouldn't believe Sue's exaggerated or even fabricated statement that Yishan fell in love with the crown of a woman in a triangle relationship and had an affair with the wives in the palace. But to grasp the poet's character and poetry from these authentic and reliable works "Five Willow Branches". & gt the pursuit of love and noble sentiments. This is based on the poet's love confession in fact and experience. We shouldn't believe Sue's exaggerated or even fabricated statement that Yishan fell in love with the crown of a woman in a triangle relationship and had an affair with the wives in the palace. But to grasp the poet's character and poetry from these authentic and reliable works "Five Willow Branches".
3. Li Shangyin's later love poems I call the love poems after Li Shangyin's marriage with Wang the latter love poems of Wang.
Knowing people and discussing the world, the object of Li Shangyin's later love poems is mainly the wife-loving king. Zhang Caitian, a research expert of Li Shangyin, commented under the poem "House Worship in the First Month": "The best mourning poem was dedicated to it, which increased the weight of the couple, and Pan Huangmen never sang again." ⑥ Li Shangyin's marriage to the Wangs was related to the social atmosphere of choosing Jinshi as his husband at that time. This matter is revealed in his poem "Han Xiying's drama as a gift from Han Xinju in the same year". Shi Yun: I was born in West Wan Huhou, and my new husband started from Zhulou.
I'm in the first place, with 1000 riders on it.
Yunlu beckoned Cai Feng back, and Tianhe smiled at Penny.
In the Southern Dynasties, no one was near the forbidden area, so I memorized Four Sorrow. This poem was written in the second year of Kaicheng, when he and Han Zhan both won the Jinshi. The third volume of "Tang Yanyan" said: Jinshi banquet Qujiang Day, "through this, there are 189 beds in the middle and east." Han Zhan and Li Shangyin were successively elected as husbands of Dong Chuang by Wang Maoyuan. When he married Wang Maoyuan's eldest daughter at the beginning of the Korean War, the poet joked with the Korean War that you went west to Jingyuan, and we married Feng Cai in Fukui Prefecture (now Jingchuan, Gansu Province), but my lover was like a cowherd and a weaver girl. Quote Chen's "Zhai Youyou": "Today's people choose their husbands for their names". Therefore, Li Shangyin called himself "forbidden". At the end of each chapter of Zhang Heng's Four Sorrow Poems, I begin with "I'll think about it" to express my deep thoughts on Wang Maoyuan's little daughter. Although this poem is called "A Play", it has clear pronunciation and mellow voice and beautiful sentences, which shows its sincere yearning for my fair lady.
Li Shangyin got what he wanted in three years and married Wang Maoyuan's youngest daughter. However, his marriage was unexpectedly envied by some people, which led to his being selected by the official department and being erased by a chief executive of Zhongshu Province. Shang Yin's wife was indignant. At that time, Yishan wrote in Untitled: According to Liang Chuqing, water is old and famous.
Skirts are smaller than hibiscus and hair is lighter than jade.
The brocade book is solemn, and the eyebrows are fine.
Don't play games nearby, the center is the most uneven. The first four sentences of the poem write that his wife is like a hibiscus out of water, and her clothes are luxurious and beautiful. The last four sentences are her concern for her husband and her resentment at his unsuccessful election. The poet and Wang fell in love in their first marriage and felt like bosom friends. Li Shangyin cherished Wang's love all his life until his death, and this poem "Untitled" really began to appear.
Although Wang Maoyuan's family is rich, Li Shangyin is a scholar with independent spirit. After marrying Wang, he actually led a cold life. In the third year of Huichang (843), five years after marriage, his father-in-law Wang Maoyuan died of illness. He told me in the document "Heavy Sacrifice to Uncle Stuart" that the husband and wife "plow before paying, eat easy clothes, and don't expect anything, yue? A href=mailto: Yes. " 7. The husband and wife are poor, dependent on each other, and their feelings are more pure, which shows that Wang, who was born in a famous family, has a high degree of trust in her husband's talent and character. Li Shangyin's later love poems are in the same strain as Yuan Zhen's three poems, "Oh, thank the youngest and favorite daughter, and unfortunately marry this penniless scholar", which breaks through the secular tradition of wealth and shows the noble sentiment of loving talents and cherishing talents. & gt yes, yes. 7. The husband and wife are poor, dependent on each other, and their feelings are more pure, which shows that Wang, who was born in a famous family, has a high degree of trust in her husband's talent and character. Li Shangyin's later love poems are the same as those written in Yuan Zhen's "Regret for the Past": "Xie's youngest and favorite daughter happened to marry this penniless scholar", which broke through the old habit of Langshrugging off his wealth and showed the noble sentiment of loving talents to learn the Tao.
"There is no parting before the world, and the spring breeze tries its best to cherish the long strips" (one of the two poems on leaving the pavilion to fold the willows). After marriage, the poet left his wife again and again to help the town for fame and fortune. In the first year of Dazhong, he went to the laurel for one year with Zheng Yayuan. At the end of junior year, he went to Wu Ning, Lu Hongzhi's office as a judge. In the spring and summer of the fifth year, when Dazhong returned to Beijing, Wang had died of illness, and his wife and husband had never met before. Song in the Room is the poet's first mourning poem. The poem wrote painfully: "I remember the spring of the year before last, and there was no sadness in my words." The return is gone. A href=mailto: She is better than others. These inner monologues about his dead wife contain the following official experiences of the poet. In the first year of Dazhong, he went to the laurel with Zheng Yayuan, but after Zheng Ya was demoted, the poet returned to Chang 'an at the turn of autumn and winter the following year. "Recalling the spring of the year before last" means that in the spring of three years, Li Shangyin was selected as the No.1 scholar in Zhengjiupin. He is thirty-eight years old and has been an official for ten years. He worked hard for his country for ten years, but he made no progress at all. "No sorrow, no sorrow", husband and wife meet separately, life is hard and painful, and there are thousands of words, only two hearts know each other, which is beyond words. For his ideal and life, he left his wife for Xuzhou in the winter of three years and became a judge under the door of military commander Lu Hongzhi. In the spring and summer of five years, Wang was seriously ill, dismissed from office and returned to Beijing, failing to see his beloved wife for the last time. There is only the golden harp played by Wang before his death in the room, and it is even sadder when people die. Therefore, one of his most famous poems, Jinse, contains the meaning of mourning for his dead wife. As a husband, he feels infinite regret. He told the dead again and again, but did his wife know it secretly? Three poems, Xiting, Wang Twelve Brothers' Visit to Terror, Drinking and Mourning, Going after Snow Mourning, and Visiting the House in the First Month, are all works of the poet mourning his wife. Let's recite Zhang Caitian's famous seven-rhythm poem "Worship the House in the First Month", which is called "reading to increase the weight of husband and wife"! & gt He is longer than people. These inner monologues about his dead wife contain the following official experiences of the poet. In the first year of Dazhong, he went to the laurel with Zheng Yayuan, but after Zheng Ya was demoted, the poet returned to Chang 'an at the turn of autumn and winter the following year. "Recalling the spring of the year before last" means that in the spring of three years, Li Shangyin was selected as the No.1 scholar in Zhengjiupin. He is thirty-eight years old and has been an official for ten years. He worked hard for his country for ten years, but he made no progress at all. "No sorrow, no sorrow", husband and wife meet separately, life is hard and painful, and there are thousands of words, only two hearts know each other, which is beyond words. For his ideal and life, he left his wife for Xuzhou in the winter of three years and became a judge under the door of military commander Lu Hongzhi. In the spring and summer of five years, Wang was seriously ill, dismissed from office and returned to Beijing, failing to see his beloved wife for the last time. There is only the golden harp played by Wang before his death in the room, and it is even sadder when people die. Therefore, one of his most famous poems, Jinse, contains the meaning of mourning for his dead wife. As a husband, he feels infinite regret. He told the dead again and again, but did his wife know it secretly? Three poems, Xiting, Wang Twelve Brothers' Visit to Terror, Drinking and Mourning, Going after Snow Mourning, and Visiting the House in the First Month, are all works of the poet mourning his wife. Let's recite Zhang Caitian's famous seven-rhythm poem "Worship the House in the First Month", which is called "reading to increase the weight of husband and wife"! Close the lock and cover it with moss, and the corridor and deep pavilion are idle here.
The prophet is dizzy in the windy month, but the cold flowers still bloom.
The bat blows the curtain and turns, and the mouse guesses through the window net.
A person can't help singing "Night Up" when he is with the lamp. This is a memorial work made by Li Shangyin for his dead wife at Chongrang Building in Luoyang after his return from Dongchuan. The poet has reached the last stage of his life, but his memory of his dead wife is increasing day by day. Chongrang Building is the first residence of his father-in-law Wang Maoyuan, where the poet and Wang once lived. Nowadays, gambling and thinking about people are touching the scene. In the old days, the first residence of the Wang family was locked and closed, and the cloister was deep and spacious, desolate and desolate, adding to the sadness. This is a sad feeling and a sad scene. The wind blows the moon dizzy and hazy; Cold flowers close, mice turn over windows. In a trance, my wife's fragrance is still there, like a dream, and the immortals can communicate, and they can't help but sing the old topic of Yuefu in The Night is Quiet. This song "Solving Problems in Yuefu" said: "His words still miss the past and miss Junlai." It has been six or seven years since Shang Yin lost his wife, and he himself has come to the end of his life. He is still faithful to love, just as his famous sentence "Untitled" said: "Spring silkworms die, and the candle burns to ashes." Knowing people and discussing the world, in Li Shangyin's emotional world, who can bear it except this good wife who shares weal and woe with the poet and has a heart to rely on? Untitled: It was a long time before I met her, but even longer after we parted, the east wind blew and a hundred flowers blossomed.
Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will turn to ashes before tears dry.
In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror, but she bravely faced the cold of the moonlight with her evening song.
There are not many roads to Pengshan. Oh, Bluebird, listen! -Give me what she said! . Yishan husband and wife love each other and cling to each other, but for the sake of ideals and livelihood, the poet travels far away from his wife again and again, and it is even more unbearable to meet each other. The second sentence is that the wind is weak and the flowers are residual, and the spring scenery is hard to stay, which means how difficult the future is. These famous couplets not only symbolize the poet's deep love for his dead wife, but also symbolize Wang's gentle and persistent love for the poet who suffered from life hardships before his death. Neck ties imagine that after his wife's death, the world will be separated from the nether world, and then their love can break the boundary between the two worlds, and his wife will still decorate me as before; I am homesick and haggard for Iraqis. My wife is in Penglai fairy mountain, and I am connected with her fairy, not far away. With the Jade Bird coming to see me, their feelings can still be linked from time to time. In Yishan's life, no one can write such a passionate and touching love poem except Wang. Zhang Cai Tian Yun: "Reading increases couples' weight". What a big lie!
Li Shangyin's excellent love poems originated from his noble spiritual sentiment, especially in the early stage. Reading increases the weight of husband and wife, which is its important value.