Berthing Guazhou
Song Dynasty: Wang Anshi
Jingkou and Guazhou are just separated by a water, and Zhongshan has only a few heavy green mountains.
The gentle spring breeze turns green again, but, moon in the sky, when can you take me home?
translate
Jingkou and Guazhou are only separated by a water, and Zhongshan is only separated by several heavy green mountains.
The gentle spring breeze has blown the south bank of the great river green again, but, bright moon in the sky, when can you come home with me?
To annotate ...
Berthing: Stop the ship. Park. Park. Refers to berthing and landing
Green: Blow green.
Jingkou: the name of the ancient city. So the address is in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu.
Guazhou: The town name is located in the north bank of the Yangtze River and the southern suburb of Yangzhou, which is on the Yangtze River in the south of Yangzhou today. The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal branches into the river here.
Yishui: a river. The ancients called the Yellow River "river" and the Yangtze River "river", and in most cases called the river "water", such as
Such as water, Hanshui, Zheshui, Xiangshui, Lishui and so on. "Yishui" here refers to the Yangtze River. Waters refer to waters.
Zhongshan: East of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.
Creation background
In the second year of Shen Zongxi Ning (1069), Wang Anshi was appointed as the Deputy Prime Minister. The following year, he was appointed as the prime minister of the same chapter and began to carry out political reforms. He resigned as prime minister several times because of the attack of the opposition armed forces. This poem was written in February of the eighth year of Xining (1075), and it was Wang Anshi's second visit to Beijing.
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"The first sentence, Guazhou, Jingkou, is the booth. He crossed the river from Jingkou to Guazhou in a pleasant way. The word "Yishui" describes the speed of the ship and its instantaneous arrival. The second sentence "Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains" describes his attachment to Zhongshan, and the third sentence "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan" describes the vibrant scenery, echoing the poet's mood of returning to Beijing. The word "spring breeze" is both realistic and political. Song Shenzong wrote a letter to restore Wang Anshi's phase, indicating his determination to implement the new law. In this respect, the poet is delighted. He hopes to warm the spring breeze, dispel the cold current of politics and create a new situation of political reform. The word "green" also expresses the poet's inner contradiction and expresses the author's desire to resign and return home as soon as possible. This wish was not clearly revealed until the conclusion. " -it is very representative to analyze the poetic nature of the poem "boating in Guazhou" by strengthening political color.
However, there is an unreasonable contradiction in this analysis: the poet can neither have the joy of being recalled to Beijing if he wants to resign as soon as possible, nor have the idea of resigning as soon as he takes office in Beijing. The two are like fire and water, and fire and water are incompatible. Some critics also asserted that the poet's return to politics this time can be described as a triumphant return, and he was overjoyed. The homesickness of the so-called "when the moon shines on me" is just an affectation and cannot be taken seriously. "The spring breeze is greener in Jiang Nanan" means gratitude to the emperor, an optimistic description of the implementation prospect of the new law, and the poet's inner empathy for the joy of governance. The emotional tone of this poem is cheerful and optimistic.
The above two theories are the representatives of the arguments that have always been used to interpret the poem "Sailing in Guazhou". However, interpreting this poem as a political lyric is not in line with the poet's specific fate and mood when he wrote this poem, nor with the connotation of the artistic image constructed by this poem itself. "Boating in Guazhou" should be a pure homesick poem, and its emotional tone should be melancholy and sad, without the color of relaxation, joy and optimism.
The poet was 55 years old when he wrote this poem. In recent years, the court has been arguing and criticizing the new law and the old law endlessly, which makes the implementation of the new law very difficult. Therefore, Wang Anshi, who had some negative thoughts, experienced two setbacks and was exhausted because of the implementation of the new law, and he had a strong sense of boredom with politics. During his dismissal from office, he wrote many poems describing natural scenery and expressing leisure. Wang Anshi resigned twice, so he could not reuse the imperial court, which was responsible for "harmony". Therefore, his appointment this time was very reluctant in terms of mood. After he came to power, he repeatedly requested to remove the post of Prime Minister. Finally, in the second year after his comeback, he got his wish and returned to his hometown Jiangning to live a comfortable and secluded life. It can be seen from this short comeback process that returning to power in the DPRK is not what Wang Anshi expected, but what he is keen on. On the contrary, he regarded his comeback as a fearful road and refused to resign many times. Obviously, writing "Boating in Guazhou" in such a state of mind is inevitably filled with melancholy, sadness and depression, and it is inevitable that there is no deep attachment to the hometown where you are about to leave. How does he express his joy at the return of "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan"? Look at the poem itself. At the end of the poem, "When will the bright moon shine on me?" It is the main theme of the whole poem. It sets a melancholy and sad emotional tone for the whole poem in the form of expressing one's mind directly, and clearly tells people that the poet is not happy to return to politics as he wishes, but is more eager. On the contrary, the poet is far from reaching the capital, and his hometown has not disappeared from sight. In his mind, he has sincerely sent out the idea of going home. Isn't this homesickness deep and sincere? The bright moon sent me away today. When will the bright moon send me back? The official career is sinister, and good or bad luck is unpredictable. The word "dang" is a heavy sigh from the poet's heart, which contains the poet's concern about the sinister career and the future of the implementation of the new law. Poetic worries are deep and the style is desolate. It was a sigh as deep as his voice, a true and natural expression of the poet's depressed mentality.
On the other hand, judging from the emotional tone of homesickness set in the conclusion, it is impossible to emphasize the speed of the ship in time to write the poet's relaxed mood in A Water between Guazhou and Jingkou. Like "Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains", it emphasizes the distance between the mountains and rivers in my hometown and the poets who traveled to Guazhou in Jiangbei at this time. At this time, the poet "berthed in Guazhou", looking back at the south, the familiar and cordial "Jingkou" is only separated by water, and "Zhongshan" is only separated by several mountains, which is really close at hand. However, the spatial proximity reflects the poet's psychological distance. Because my hometown is so close, but it is out of reach. And with the passage of time, the distance will get bigger and bigger, what's more, I don't know when I will come back, and I don't know when I will see the mountains and rivers of this hometown again. Even he may think more pessimistically whether he can return to his hometown in the future. Here, the poet used the artistic technique that the opposites complement each other from the near to the far, euphemistically and implicitly expressed the sadness and helplessness in the poet's heart, and showed the great sense of loss and loneliness in the poet's heart. In fact, the Yangtze River, several mountains, the spatial distance between them is also very large. The poet writes in a short way to emphasize the poet's strong attachment to his hometown, which is a natural expression of his nostalgia for his hometown. How can he be relaxed and happy?
It is precisely because the theme of this poem is to express deep homesickness that the focus of the third sentence "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan" in the poem does not fall on the description of the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, as the general theorists say, and its language focus is not the word "green" but the word "tour". The reason why people especially appreciate the vivid, colorful and infectious description of the beautiful scenery of spring with the adjective "green" as a verb lies in the well-known story of refining Chinese characters recorded in Hong Mai's Rong Zhai Xu. In fact, Wang Anshi does not want to describe the beauty of spring scenery in Jiangnan. He is concerned with the word "you", not the word "green". What he wants to express is that the spring breeze is still affectionate. He knows the annual "Green Jiang Nanan", but the poet himself has to leave his hometown in the south of the Yangtze River against his will and re-embark on his official career when the spring breeze turns green in Jiang Nanan. The future of this trip is unpredictable. I don't know when I can "go back" to my hometown in Jiangnan. The word "you" is a true portrayal of the poet's infinite homesickness, which is hard to get rid of.
It is precisely because of the first three sentences that the feelings of layering in the landscape have led to the pen of homesickness, which ended the sentence "When will the bright moon shine on me?" Naturally, it came out and brought homesickness to the extreme. From this perspective, Wang Anshi's visit to Guazhou is not a political lyric poem, but a pure homesickness poem.