What kind of poems are the most popular among folk songs in Han Yuefu?

Third, the folk songs of Han Yuefu (1) The concept and evolution of Yuefu 1. Concept: Yuefu was originally the official name in charge of music in Han Dynasty, and was formally established in Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Its duty is to collect folk songs or literati's poems for music, so as to prepare for court sacrificial ceremonies or banquets. These collected poems were later called "Yuefu Poems", or simply "Yuefu Poems". The Yuefu poems compiled by Guo Songmao Qian are divided into: (1) suburban temple songs, (2) She Yan songs, and (3). (8) Qin Ge, (9) Zage (10) near-style songs, (1 1) Zage, (12) New Yuefu songs. 2. Evolution of Yuefu (1) Yuefu is a new poetic style after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South, which was established in the early Qin and Han Dynasties. (2) In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the music of the palace was generally inherited from the Qin Dynasty, and the official in charge of music was Tai Yue Ling. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "Apart from Taiyue, it was Yuefu", and Yuefu official office was formally established to take charge of Li Yannian. When I went to mourn the emperor, I cancelled Yuefu. Elegant music was not popular in this period, and the court and the people loved the new sound of folk songs. In addition, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty adopted the employment policy of listening to the wind and observing politics, and superstitious divination prevailed, which led to the abnormal activity of folk songs and prompted the five-character folk customs to replace the four-character elegant style. The well-preserved Yuefu is a Yuefu poem compiled by Guo Maoqian in Song Dynasty. According to the classification of Yuefu poems, Yuefu poems are generally preserved in suburban temple songs, advocacy songs and harmony songs. Harmony is a wonderful folk music, and the so-called harmony is a singing method, which contains two meanings: "harmony of silk and bamboo" and "harmony of human voice"; Drum music is a new voice of northern nationalities absorbed by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, which was mainly used as military music at that time. Zaqu is just a kind of miscellaneous music that has lost its sound. (3) Six Dynasties: The so-called "Yuefu" in the Han Dynasty refers to a musical organ. Music is music, and the government is the government, which is its original meaning. But in the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, the poems sung by Yuefu were also called "Yuefu" by Han people, so the so-called Yuefu changed from the name of organ to a poetic name with music. Although people in the Six Dynasties regarded Yuefu as a poetic style, they still focused on music. (4) By the Tang Dynasty, music had been shelved, and social contents such as Bai Juyi's "New Yuefu" and Pi Rixiu's "Zheng Yuefu" were all ignored, but they all called themselves Yuefu, so the so-called Yuefu became a satirical poem criticizing reality. (5) After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, some people called Ci and Qu Yuefu, leaving the essence of Yuefu spirit revealed in the Tang Dynasty. However, just starting from the point of entering Yuefu is an abuse of Yuefu, which is not sufficient. (2) Ideological content: 1. Resist the oppression of the ruling class: Sang, East Gate Line 2. Exposing war and corvee: the war in the south of the city, the fifteenth conscription 3. Love and marriage: pursuing faithful love, opposing evil, protesting feudal ethics and marriage system II. Han Yuefu folk songs laid the foundation of China's ancient narrative poems. About 1/3 of the existing folk songs in Han Yuefu are narrative works, which is not low. The history of Chinese arts and literature says that the folk songs of Han Yuefu have the characteristics of "feeling sadness and joy, starting from things", mainly from this point. The first feature of the folk songs of Han Yuefu mentioned earlier, that is, the strong flavor of life and the profound and concrete reflection of the hardships and pains of the daily life of the lower classes, is also due to the adoption of narrative poems. 3. The folk songs of Han Yuefu show strong and direct feelings. In the pre-Qin literature, we analyzed the emotional expression of The Book of Songs and pointed out that the overall characteristics of The Book of Songs are introverted, peaceful and meaningful. The ancients summed it up with the word "gentle and sincere", and there is nothing wrong with it. In Qu Yuan's works, emotion is quite strong; But as a failed politician, lyricism has its particularity. It can be said that the folk songs of Han Yuefu not only accepted the influence of Chu cultural tradition, but also showed this feature in a wider range of life and a stronger degree. No matter how they express war, love and even homesickness, they try their best to release their emotions. This is true of narrative poems, especially lyric poems. 4. In the folk songs of Han Yuefu, many works show the sorrow of short life and impermanence. Two popular funeral songs in Han Dynasty, Autumn Record and Good Calendar, are such works. The shortness of life is a fact that human beings can never overcome. It is also natural to feel sad because you cherish a better life. It is also from this sadness that people show different attitudes towards life. "Long Songs" emphasizes hard work; Facing the same fact, in Song of Hatred, the conclusion is that "when you have to swing in love, you can do whatever you want"; The Journey to the West went further: "The days are short and the nights are long. Why not travel by candlelight? " From today's perspective, what "Long Songs" advocates may be more positive and desirable. The "eat, drink and be merry" advocated in Li Sao and The Journey to the West also contains the consciousness of grasping the life that may die at any time. 5. The folk songs of Han Yuefu show vivid imagination. For example, the dead fish (dried fish) in "Dead Fish Crossing the River Crying" will cry, regret it, and write letters to other fish to warn them to be careful; The undead in "The Battle of the South" actually talked to the crow and asked the crow to mourn for him. A series of impossible things envisaged in Up Slope are all whimsical. Its metaphor is often unexpected. For example, "Ancient Songs" refers to the endless cycle of sadness with "wheels turning in the belly"; Dew on the grass symbolizes the shortness of life. "Yu" refers to the fact that poplars on the mountain are cut down and transported away, uprooted, and people are forced to leave their homes. This vivid imagination is rare in pre-Qin poetry and Han literati poetry. 6. The folk songs of Han Yuefu used new poetic styles: miscellaneous words and five words. The whole trend is that the neat five fonts are more and more dominant. Han Yuefu's folk songs and miscellaneous poems are completely free and flexible, ranging from one or two sentences to ten sentences at will. It should be said that the ballad writer only writes poems according to the needs of the content, and does not intend to do so, that is, he does not intend to create a new poetic style. However, its miscellaneous language form does have special aesthetic feeling and flexible and vivid artistic expression. Therefore, when Bao Zhao and other poets arrived, they began to consciously use Yuefu miscellaneous words to pursue certain effects; In the hands of Li Bai, the beauty of miscellaneous words is brought to the extreme. Therefore, miscellaneous words have become a common type of China's ancient poems.