Inquiry learning: This session aims to enable students to discover beauty on the basis of understanding the text. Teachers should never exceed their authority, because the improvement of appreciation ability is imperceptibly obtained by students in practice. Therefore, teachers should let students speak freely, and at the same time affirm students more, let them taste the sweetness of appreciation and go on firmly. Of course, when students don't know where to start, teachers can throw a brick to attract jade.
2. What is the practical significance of writing Jiange in the last paragraph of the poem to Tang society in the early days of Tianbao?
Research study: in the changing situation, sword gate
In a dangerous atmosphere, I finally wrote Jiange, a fortress in the middle of Shu. There is a 30-mile plank road between Dajianshan and Xiaojian Mountain. The peaks are like swords, the mountains are towering, and the walls are cut like doors, forming a natural fortress. Because of its dangerous terrain, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. Historically, there were many people who claimed to be kings here. The poet described a political situation from the danger of Jiange. He used it in Sword Ming Ge written by Zhang Zai in the Western Jin Dynasty? Where did you win, not living with relatives? The purpose of the statement is to persuade people to take warning, be alert to the occurrence of war, and expose the jackal in Sichuan in connection with the social background at that time. Get their teeth and fangs ready and kill like hemp? This is a pun that not only describes the beast of Shu Dao, but also alludes to the political darkness, expressing anxiety and concern about state affairs and adding realistic connotation and profound implication to the poem.
Instructional Design of the Open Course of Difficult-to-Learn Road Ⅰ. Introduction
Mr. Yu Guangzhong once wrote a poem with many lines. Please read it together.
Multimedia courseware display: (Yu Guangzhong's "Looking for Li Bai" fragment)
Wine enters the intestines, and seven points enter the moonlight.
The remaining three points into a firm but gentle roar.
As soon as Xiukou vomited, it was half a prosperous Tang Dynasty.
[Question] Who is the poet?
[Qing] Li Bai. This poem is called Looking for Li Bai.
[Question] We have learned a lot of Li Bai's poems and songs. What impressed you most about Li Bai's poems? Please ask some students to speak.
[Reference] Li Bai is a romantic poet, and there are many exaggerated elements in his poems. It gives people a very bold feeling, and what he said is unforgettable after reading it.
② Li Bai's poems are full of elegant and bold feelings. His poems have always been straightforward, wild and unrestrained, with romantic passion. Although we can't understand the true meaning of some of Li Bai's poems when reading them, the lines in Li Bai's poems are full of their own romantic passion. We should appreciate Li Bai's poems in this mood.
(3) Li Bai is bold and unrestrained, and there are many fantastic ideas in writing poems, which will make us read vividly, concretely and deeply.
[Summary] Bold, exaggerated and rich imagination are the most concrete manifestations of the romantic style of Li Bai's poems. Today, we are going to learn one of Li Bai's Difficult Shu Dao. Feel the artistic charm of Li Bai's romantic poetic style again.
Second, overall perception.
Multimedia courseware display: the cover of Shu Dao is difficult.
1. [Activity] Listen to the text first, and pay attention to the pronunciation of the words when listening. In addition, underline the words that you can't understand in preview.
[Question] Reading is wonderful. How do you feel after listening to it? What is your biggest feeling? Feel very scared, scared, even creepy.
[Activity] Look at the words first. What are the problems in the preview process? You can ask questions.
[reference]? Do you feel threatened by the well? . Interpreted as? Hold your breath? Why is it interpreted as? Hold your breath?
[Clear] The purpose of the author's writing this article is to explain to friends that the Shu Road is difficult to walk and the road is steep. People will have fear in this situation, so the author says to hold your breath. Holding your breath is related to the steepness of the road. It is fear.
? Ping-pong cliff fossils are thunder? what's up Ping? Word: make a scene.
Let me ask you a few words.
Multimedia courseware display:
Danger is high and dangerous: it is repetitive and synonymous with high behind. Li Bai also has poems. Dangerous buildings are tall and white, and hands can pick stars. ?
On the white mountain in the west, there is still only one path for birds: stop, stop.
Sit with your head in your hands and sigh: chest. Idiom: indignant.
Although the Diaolouguan is firm and majestic, the rocks are towering.
If he is disloyal or: if, if. Table hypothesis.
3. [Question] When I first read this poem, I felt the deepest sentence. What is the most unforgettable sentence?
[Qing] it is difficult to go to the sky.
Multimedia courseware display:? Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky? .
This sentence is repeated three times in the whole poem, which can be said to be the theme sentence running through the whole poem. From this topic sentence, we can basically grasp the basic content and emotion of this poem, and lament that the difficulty of Shu Dao is the basic content and emotion of this poem. Why does the author lament the difficulty of Shu Dao? Let's read the text together.
Third, study the text in detail.
1. Enjoy the first part
(1) feeling
[Activity] Read the first section first, then read the first section freely. Find the sentences described and described in the first section. See what it describes, what it describes.
[Activity] Ask a classmate to find a narrative sentence.
[Clear] Narrative sentence: Until the two rulers of this area forced their passage in the foggy age. Forty-eight thousand years have passed. Don't talk to Qin Sai. And Dabaishan, to the west, still has only one bird path, which can pass through Emei. It was once destroyed by earthquakes, and brave people lost their lives, and then the stepped stone piles were connected.
What does [the question] describe? Ask a classmate to sum up.
[Clear] Described the long-term occlusion of Shu Dao and the mountain landform between Shu Dao and its origin.
【 Summary 】 Explain the origin of Shu Dao and the long-term isolation between Qin and Shu.
[Question] What sentence is described? Ask a classmate to answer.
[Clarity] Sentence description: As high as a banner, six dragons drive the sun, and the river runs low, so high that even the yellow crane says that apes are fighting for climbing. The Green Mud Mountain is made up of many circles. For every hundred steps, we have to turn nine times in the middle of its mound. Panting, we passed Orion and passed the well star. Then, holding his chest with both hands, he collapsed to the ground with a groan.
What does [the question] describe?
[Clear] Describe the steep Shu Road.
[Summary] These narratives and descriptions are very vivid. This vividness is closely related to the poet's romantic passion. Please read the sentences freely and choose the one you think is the most wonderful to enjoy.
High as a high banner, six dragons drive the sun, while the distant river below lashes its twisted channel. ? Used? Six dragons return to Japan? In this fairy tale, the author also uses the up-and-down way to illustrate the arduousness of Shu Dao. I wrote that the mountain is high and endless. Wan Ren was deeply impressed and looked forward to turning Gankun around. Write the dangers and heights of Shu Road in a frightening way.
[Summary] The myth is mainly used to highlight the sublimity of Shu Dao, and even the sun god has to detour when he sees it. The image can be described as vast and magnificent.
②? It was once destroyed by earthquakes, and brave people lost their lives, and then the stepped stone piles were connected. Clever use? Wuding Kaishan? This fairy tale illustrates the difficulty of opening the Shu Road. It is about the struggle between ancient people and nature, the strong desire to transform nature and the difficulty of transforming nature. This sentence is very imposing, and it is written about the tragic achievements of ancient working people in the process of road construction. And this sentence also uses legends and stories. Very romantic.
③ ? The Green Mud Mountain is made up of many circles. For every hundred steps, we have to turn nine times in the middle of its mound. It rhymes and reads catchy. In the second sentence, the mountains of Shu Road are circuitous and the terrain is extremely complicated. It's a confusing mountain road, and it's like a maze when you walk in. It highlights the twists and turns of Shu Road.
④? This height is difficult to climb, even though the yellow crane says that apes are eager to climb. It stands to reason that the yellow crane flies so high that even the yellow crane can't fly, which shows that the mountain of Shu Road is steep. The climbing skills of apes are generally better, and this kind of mountain can't even climb the ape's, which means that the mountain is steep.
[Summary] The height of the Shu Road is highlighted by the fact that neither the yellow crane nor the ape can fly nor climb. In fact, it is a way of writing with virtual reality. It can be seen that the first section has bold exaggeration and rich imagination, and also quotes myths and legends. The combination of reality and reality makes the image very magnificent, magnificent and unrestrained, and it really has a thrilling effect. It fully embodies the characteristics of Li Bai's romantic poems.
(2) Read aloud
[Question] How to express his romantic passion by reading aloud?
[Activity] Look at the narrative sentences first. How to read better? Ask a classmate to demonstrate reading. (Original reading)
[Question] Why is this handled?
[reference]? Until the two rulers of this area forced their way through in the foggy age? Emei Temple? It's a narrative, it's a foreshadowing. Reading is relatively flat. ? It was once destroyed by earthquakes, and brave people lost their lives, and then the stepped stone piles were connected. ? This part is the most important sentence in this paragraph. Because the first paragraph of the article should mainly introduce the origin of Shu Dao. Read the tone more heavily.
[Activity] Read aloud by the whole class. From where? Can Cong? Arrive? Then the ladder and the stone pile were hooked. ?
[Question] What should I do with the sentences described below? Why?
[Reference] The sentences described below should be read slowly at first. Because this paragraph describes the height and danger of Shu Dao, people have an idea that they are in the middle of Shu Dao and can't reach it. Especially? Green Mud Mountain is made up of many circles. Every hundred steps, we have to turn nine times in the middle of its mound? This sentence should be read slowly, which reminds people of the hovering of Shu Road.
? This height is difficult for the yellow crane? what's up Shang? , apes rush to climb? Worried? Should be reread. Because these two words emphasize the height and danger of the Shu Road, even the flight of the yellow crane can't pass. ? Shang? And then what? Worried? Modifying these two sentences is the key point. So when you reread it,
[Opinion] Normal reading and correction. (Contrast reading, ① emphasize harmony and sadness. 2 elongation? Shang? And then what? Worried? The last two poems are slower and lighter. )
[Activity] Let the students compare which is better. Jane said the reason.
[clear] the second one. ? Shang? And then what? Worried? Enduring, it plays the role of emphasizing two words. And the speed of speech makes people feel that the point is? Not allowed? And then what? Worried about climbing mountains? Up there. It is completely in line with the key points of highlighting high mountains and steep slopes.
[Summary] It is precisely because of the steep mountain that even the yellow crane and the ape can't pass, and neither can people. So sometimes you have to highlight a meaning, not just emphasize it. Sometimes you can lower your voice and read slowly, which can highlight the meaning of this word.
[Activity] Read all the students. (? High, just like on a high banner, six dragons drive the sun, holding our chests in their hands and groaning and falling to the ground? . )
[Summary, Question] These words express the helplessness of people who are difficult to climb the mountain. The last two sentences are left. How to pronounce these two sentences?
The first two sentences are more powerful to read. Because? Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky? It appears three times in the full text, which is the main sentence of the full text. If you read it with momentum, you can highlight this key point of the full text.
[Question] How to read to have momentum? How to read?
The word order should be slower. Should we get to the point? Difficult? . The structure is relatively compact. (Students read)
[Clear] You should read faster and emphasize? Difficult to go to the sky? . Emphasize it again? Blue sky? . Because Shu Dao is harder to walk than Qing Dynasty. Highlight the height of Shu Road. The first two straight words, the first three sighs? Hey hey hey? Read it for a while. (Normal reading) The last sentence? Is it dangerous? Huh? And then what? Hey? Do you want to read slowly and highlight the front? Dangerous? And then what? Tall? .
Students read by template.
[Activity] Read it together. From the beginning? It is difficult to go to the sky. )
[opinion] if it is difficult to get to the sky, you should read it louder. More decisive and powerful. Fully highlight the main idea of this poem. Because it laid the bold tone of this poem from the beginning. We should reflect it by reading aloud.
[Activity] Read all the students again.
[Activity] Read the whole first section again. Pay attention to Li Bai's romantic passion when reading.
2. Enjoy the second part
[Activity] ① This is the first section. Let's enjoy it together. Next, look at the second section. There are two descriptions in the second section. Please draw them separately.
I want to give you an appreciation of this passage. Please choose one of them and rewrite it into prose to reflect the romantic style of this poem. Don't expand it, just broaden it a little on the basis of the original, and reflect his romantic style. )
(3) (A few minutes later), first communicate what you have written in groups of four, and then each group chooses a classmate who writes best to communicate in the class.
[Rewriting References 1] I saw a thin bird standing on the thinnest branch of that thousand-year-old tree, as if its heart was full of sadness. Pairs of birds shuttled back and forth in the Woods, so uncomfortable. The empty mountain is lonely, the night is quiet, and only the cuckoo is singing.
[Rewriting References 2] The continuous peaks are high and steep, as if towering into the sky. A dead pine tree hangs on the cliff and seems to be about to fall into a deep valley. The current is swift and the achievements are remarkable? Flying down from 3,000 feet? The waterfalls of the tide seem to be competing with each other. They tried their best to crash into the cliff. Make a thunderous sound.
[Rewrite Reference 3] I saw birds singing sadly in the tall old trees, and the female birds followed the male birds in the forest. I heard the cuckoo's sad cry in the dim light, as if mourning for the empty mountain.
[Rewriting References 4] The continuous mountains go straight into the sky, which is even more frightening in the night. Several pine trees on the edge of the cliff hang warily on the edge of the cliff, enchanting like ghosts. The rushing torrent collided with the waterfall, making a thunderous noise and hitting the cliff. Pieces of rubble rolled into Taotao River along the almost vertical cliff surface and disappeared instantly.
Other students commented, which is the best change, and why? Please ask two students. ]
[Opinion] The first description creates a frightening and very bleak atmosphere. The first paragraph is uncomfortable to write and does not conform to the artistic conception of the original text. Rewriting is not only to expand imagination, but also to be loyal to the original.
[Question] How does this passage reflect the poet's romantic style through reading aloud? Look at the second paragraph first. The description is divided into two parts. Are these two parts the same? Why?
[Mingming] is different, because what is the first paragraph about? Sad bird? And then what? Sub-rule , reflecting a rather sad atmosphere. You should read slowly. It seems that the atmosphere is rather sad. The following sentence describes the dangers of the mountain and the horror of the scene. Read quickly, with some momentum. It makes people feel dangerous.
[Activity] Students demonstrate reading. (from? Nothing can be heard except the cries of birds surrounded by ancient forests. Only the melancholy voice of cuckoo comes to us. jathyapple, sad empty mountain? ,? The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven. Ping-pong cliff turned into stone? . )
[Opinion] Reading the second place is faster. It's better to emphasize a little more.
[Activity] Read the two descriptions together. (from? Nothing can be heard except the cries of birds surrounded by ancient forests. Only the melancholy voice of cuckoo comes to us. jathyapple, sad empty mountain? ,? The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven? Ping-pong cliff fossils for thunder? . )
[Question] There are several lyrical sentences in this paragraph. How should I pronounce them?
[Clear] The lyric sentence in this paragraph is read to express concern for a friend and to persuade him not to go to Sichuan.
[Activities] Read together. Combine two sentences about scenery. (from? We want to know if this road to the west will never end. Why do you come from afar? )
3. Appreciate the third quarter
[Question] What is the difference between the sentence pattern in the third paragraph and the first two paragraphs? What are the advantages of writing like this?
[Clear] The first two paragraphs are mainly long sentences, such as seven sentences and nine sentences, but the third paragraph is mostly short sentences, mainly four sentences. Advantages: Compared with the first two paragraphs, the language is uneven and integrated. Express the author's passion more freely. This also reflects the diversity of poetic language.
[Summary] It can be seen that the romantic style of Li Bai's poetry is not only reflected in the content of poetry, but also in the language of poetry. The language is flexible and changeable, the sentence patterns are uneven, and the poet's feelings are freely expressed, which is also a major feature of romanticism.
[Question] Let's look at paragraph 3. What has happened to the rhyme of this paragraph? First, find the rhyming words.
[Qing] The first one: press ai rhyme on.
The second song: Ma and Jia Yun
The third one: Uh
[Summary] In the first few paragraphs, the rhyme changes in the first paragraph and the second paragraph are relatively small and basically the same. The rhyme of the third paragraph changed three times. Why do you ask such a question? Because the third paragraph mainly talks about lamenting the tragic war disaster in Sichuan. Mainly to express the author's strong feelings. The change of rhyme also expresses the author's strong feelings more flexibly and freely. In other words, the author's strong feelings are expressed through the change of rhyme.
[Summary] From these two questions, we can know that another feature of romanticism is its flexible composition.
[Question] There are many four sentences in the third paragraph. How to read these four sentences?
Read four sentences quickly. Because it shows that there are many wars in Sichuan, he hopes that his friends will not go to those places. This is a kind of advice that he is sincere and really hopes. You should read faster and more firmly.
The rhythm of four sentences is short and powerful. When reading two words, be a little faster.
[Activity] Read together (from? Although the knife tower is firm, but cold sideways looking at Xilong consultation? . )
[Question] From what angles do these two paragraphs highlight and lament the difficulty of Shu Dao?
[Qing] The second paragraph lamented the danger of Shu Dao. The third paragraph highlights the frequent wars in Shu Dao. Highlight the chaos in Shu.
Multimedia courseware display:
Sigh the height of Shu Dao (the first paragraph)
It's hard to lament the danger of Shu Dao (paragraph 2)
Sigh about the fierce disaster in Shu (paragraph 3)
Through the repeated appearance of a chanting sentence, the feelings of chanting are gradually deepened.
Multimedia courseware display:
The predecessors spoke highly of the difficulty of Shu Dao;
Realistic vertical and horizontal, such as flying, such as moving, like thunder between your fingers.
? Shen Deqian's Tang poems
Articles such as Shu Dao Nan can be described as strange and strange, and are rarely answered by poets.
? Fan Yin's Yue Ying Ling He Ji
The first two sentences begin with exclamation, and the last two sentences end with exclamation, which correspond to each other and are meticulous in key. Bai's poems are extremely magnificent, but they are well described, well written and well stopped, which is the swan song of Tang poetry.
? Zhu Jian's Notes on Selected Poems of Li
[Activity] The above are the comments made by predecessors on Difficult Roads in Shu. I'd like to invite some students to comment on this text. In a very concise sentence. Write down your reading feelings and understanding. Other students also think about it and write it in the book.
[Reference] ① Bold feelings and elegant brushwork.
(2) magnificent and fascinating.
Sentences are not limited in length, sounds are not limited in height, rhymes are not limited in similarities and differences, and the pen is natural and true.
(4) The sentences are uneven and the brushwork is vertical and horizontal. The sky is like the sky, not too white.
[Summary] 1. Characteristics of Li Bai's Romantic Poems
(1) Li Bai's poems have very strong thoughts and feelings.
(2) distinctive personality.
(3) Full of imagination and peculiar exaggeration, with the help of unrealistic myths and amazing fantasies, it depicts a colorful real world and fantasy world, expressing beautiful ideals and strong feelings.
(4) structural jump change.
(5) Various styles, but mainly gorgeous and elegant. The language is warm, fresh and natural.
2. [Class Summary] This class mainly appreciates the characteristics of Li Bai's romantic poetry style. As for the content of this poem, such as its theme, the purpose of his writing and even the writing time, it has always been controversial and inconclusive. I hope you can read more about these materials after class and form your own opinions.
[Activity] Read the text together. ?