On the Similarities and Differences of Wang Meng's Poetry Styles
(Author: Chen Qing)
Wang Wei and Meng Haoran are the representatives of the pastoral poetry school in the Tang Kaiyuan and Tianbao years. This paper discusses the similarities and differences of Wang Meng's poetic styles.
First of all, talk about the similarities of Wang Meng's poetic styles. Speaking of Wang Meng's poetic style, we can't help but say that Wang Meng lives in seclusion. In the eyes of the ancients, Meng Haoran was a natural hermit. In fact, Wang Wei once wrote: "Xiangyang is tall and long, steep and thin, wearing a white robe?" Wang Shiyuan wrote Meng Haoran: "The bones are beautiful and the wind is scattered." Meng Haoran himself has "Expressing My Feelings for Old Friends in Beijing", in which he said, "I came from Zou Lu first, and my family background values Confucianism. At the age of 30, it won't work. Grateful to win the championship, can you stay poor? When Tu Tu called a bosom friend, he cast a bandit for help. " In "Xiranting Bamboo Pavilion", "I have made close friends with the second and third sons all my life. Chrysanthemum red
Gu Zhi, * * * has a crane pigeon heart. Escape is false, the breeze is in the bamboo forest, it is the fun in the wine, and the piano sounds occasionally. Meng Haoran once wrote in a letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang: "I want to cross the river, but I can't find a boat. It's a shame. I am more idle than you politicians." . When I sit here and watch a fisherman throw fish, I feel like a squid. "Meng Haoran is not a natural hermit. He yearns for a career, but for various reasons, he lives in the contradiction between being an official and hiding. Look at his elegant background, but it's not.
Wang Wei is a versatile scholar in the history of China literature. 2 1 year-old admitted to the Jinshi, Ren Tailecheng. After being demoted for some reason, he was promoted by Zhang Jiuling and returned to the court. However, because Zhang Jiuling's "ruling the country by virtue" could not compete with Li's "ruling the country by the party", Zhang Jiuling was expelled, and Wang Wei also had the desire of "taking care of himself for a long time without a plan, but knowing nothing about Lao Lin". During the An Shi Rebellion, Wang Wei was forced to be a "fake official"; At that time, he issued: "Why do officials want to go to heaven?" Deep feelings! After the Anshi Rebellion was pacified, Wang Wei was reinstated with impunity under the protection of his younger brother, but his career was bumpy and disheartened. Finally, "after retiring from the DPRK, burn incense and watch alone, taking meditation as fun."
In short, Meng Haoran lived in seclusion because his career had no way out; Wang Wei lived in seclusion because of his tortuous career, and they both reached the same goal by different routes. * * * The same life destination makes them have the same poetic style-lightness.
As a light poet, Wang Meng first appeared in Hu Yinglin's poems. Light poems are interwoven by two longitude and latitude lines: pastoral joy and beautiful scenery. Yu Haoran often takes Jiang Cun in Xiangyang and the author himself as the prototype, and through typical creation, he has successfully created an elegant artistic conception and a lyric hero image in harmony with this artistic conception. Such as "Passing through the Old Village" and "Preparing Chicken Rice for me", old friend, you entertain me on your farm. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city. Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. Wait until the sun shines, and I'll come back at chrysanthemum time. This poem describes the scene of the banquet and the pure friendship between the host and the guest, shows a side of rural life, and reveals his joy and intoxication of rural life. This poem is neat, but not delicate, and it is written in a muddled way, which does not hurt the description. Meng Haoran is good at pastoral poetry creation. Where is Wang Wei? He is good at writing poems describing the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers. Such as the autumn night in the deep mountains: "after the rain, the mountains are empty and stand on the autumn night." The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. My friend's prince, what does it matter if spring is over and you are still here? "This poem is poetic and picturesque, which can best reflect the characteristics of painting in Wang Wei's poems. In a limited space, the poet chooses the most infectious natural scenery and mountain scenery, and weaves them into a fresh, harmonious, quiet and lofty picture in a flexible way to express the beauty of mountains and rivers. The fresh and beautiful life picture depicted in the poem reflects the poet's aversion to officialdom. The spring, bamboo and lotus reflected in the picture are not only a portrayal of the poet's noble sentiments, but also a foil to the ideal realm pursued by the poet.
Let me talk about the difference of Wang Meng's poetic style first.
First, from the content, Wang Wei's reflection on the depth and breadth of life is limited, but it is slightly better than Meng Shi's. The theme of Meng's poems is narrow, and besides pastoral landscape poems, it also shows the contradiction and pain between being an official and hiding. In addition to the idyllic mood, Wang's poems also include expressing ideals and aspirations, eulogizing frontier warriors, exposing social reality, propagating Buddhist teachings, and pouring out women's grievances. Meng's poems are self-centered, while Wang's poems are self-centered. Second, from the emotional appeal, Wang Meng is willing to show the leisure and leisure of seclusion. However, Wang's poems are often mixed with "cold silence", while Meng's poems are often mixed with Apollo's mentality. For example, Meng Haoran's "Send a Eight Little Bears in Late Spring" "If you don't visit the forest garden for a long time, how can the vegetation flourish! The narrow flowers will be exhausted, and the leisure will be returned to the net. The green rain plays with orchids, and the red scales play with poplars. Everyone in the world is full of self-love, and customs are rare. Jia Yi is empty and Anren is anxious. " This poem describes the garden scenery in late spring, and its style is fresh and elegant, expressing that "bosom friends are hard to find and career is hopeless"
Disappointed. Meng Ke's "Climbing the Wild Mountain with Friends" is the reincarnation of the world, the reincarnation of ancient and modern times. Now we can climb the mountain to visit the historical sites preserved all over the country. A fishing boat sank beside a waterfall, and Hana dreamed of Zeshen. The monument to the sheep is still there, and I will cry when I say it. "This poem reveals the feeling that the poet is not as good as yang hu.
Wang Wei is not as broad-minded and elegant as Meng Haoran in appearance, but he is silent and indifferent. When Wang Wei appreciates the scenery, he doesn't like to use the words of cutting red and carving green, but uses the words of "light and cold", and often uses the words of "static, cold, light and clear". For example, Qingming Festival, the torrent flows over the stone pile, and the light fades in the dense pine, and for example, Crossing the Ji Xiang Temple and Singing the Song and the Pine Tune the Sun, Wang Wei's "bleak words" are related to Wang Wei's belief in Buddhism. Some people say that Wang Wei is a "contemporary poet who is good at Zen." Wang Wei emphasized the self-liberation of the mind to overcome secular suffering. The realm of "emptiness", "quietness" and "leisure" expressed in his poems embodies the pursuit of "self-purity". For example, "Weishui Farmhouse": "When the sun sets, cattle and sheep return to the lane. There is also a rough old man at the door of the thatched cottage, leaning against the Hou. Pheasant performance, sleeping silkworm, peeled mulberry leaves. Jojo and Fu Tian greet each other cordially. No wonder I long for a simple life and sigh the old song, Oh, I'm back! " . There is also "Shang Qi Yi Shi Yuan": "Ju Ping Qi Shui, Dongye Kuang Wu Shan. The sun hides and the mulberry dries up, and the river is clear and the well is clear. The shepherd boy looked at the village, and the hound came back with people. What's with silence? Fei Jing has a day off. " If we talk about artistic conception, of course, it benefits from the use of Zen. However, this method of expressing farm scenes and rural life completely fails to see the realistic scenes of praising coolness, land annexation, depression of people's livelihood and exile of registered permanent residence in rural areas at that time, but it is just a quiet and leisurely rural atmosphere. Thirdly, from the perspective of artistic conception, Wang Wei advocates the combination of subject and object to produce harmonious beauty of the picture, while Meng's poems are often the integration of emotion and scenery. Wang's poems are not just a blend of scenes. Put the reasons in, too. Make the artistic conception of Wang's poems higher. Therefore, Wang Wei is not as deep as Meng Haoran in artistic conception, and Meng Haoran is not as deep as Wang Weigao in artistic conception. Fourth, from the technical point of view: Wang Wei is good at framing, modeling and layout, and pays more attention to the contrast between cool and warm colors, as well as the cooperation between internal painting and voice-over. The reason lies in Wang Wei's mastery of the theory of poetry, painting and music. For example, Chai Lu: "There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I hear a voice. Sunlight, entering a small forest, reflected from the green moss to me. " This poem uses a sound and silent brushwork, focusing on the corner of the picture where oblique light shines on moss through the dense forest. The warm color of the setting sun is faintly shrouded in moss, setting off the coldness of the empty mountain. The echo of human language in the mountains shows the silence in the deep forest. The contrast between the cold and warm colors of the picture and the dynamic and static contrast inside and outside the painting make the limited picture extend to the infinite space outside the painting. From the perspective of description, the whole poem spreads out from the forest, which makes people want to see the empty mountain set off from the depths of the forest. It expresses the overall ethereal artistic conception by writing a corner. It seems ordinary, but in fact it is ingenious. 5. From the linguistic point of view, Meng Haoran's poems are plain and simple, while Wang Wei's poems are delicate and beautiful. For example, Meng's Passing through the Old Village and Wang's Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains all reflect this feature.
The differences between Wang Wei and Meng Haoran in poetry content, artistic conception and language are closely related to their life experiences. Wang Wei is a man who combines rigidity with softness. In the early stage, Wang Wei had ideals and enthusiasm, and followed Zhang Jiuling politically. At this time, his poems are bold and positive. Poems such as "the desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen" are really "such realms, which can be described as eternal quatrains." In the 26th year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling was banished to the DPRK, and the traitor Li came to power. Wang Wei was unwilling to go with the flow, unable to fight, and gradually became depressed politically, so he devoted himself to mountains and rivers, retired as an official, became a vegetarian and worshipped Buddha, and his ideological creation entered the later stage. At this time, I mainly wrote pastoral poems to express my leisure in seclusion in the south and Wangchuan.
Meng Haoran's life experience is very simple, except that he has been to Chang 'an for seeking official positions. Wandering in wuyue, I spent most of my time in my hometown Xiangyang and lived a quiet and secluded life. This determines that the theme of his poems is relatively simple, mainly reflecting his seclusion or imitating the scenery in his journey, and the ideological content is certainly not rich enough. Compared with the poems in the early Tang Dynasty, Meng's poems have made great progress in subject matter, language and style, showing the traces of the transition from the early Tang Dynasty to the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which is of great significance to the poetry creation in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He has his own contribution.
(Author: Linhai College of Zhejiang Radio and TV University)