lyrics
Lyric poetry is a literary style in which the author directly expresses his inner thoughts and feelings in the tone of the protagonist. Generally speaking, this kind of poetry does not express the feelings of the characters according to their actions or stories, nor does it describe the characters completely, but directly reveals the soul of the lyric hero, with obvious self-color. Adolescent children prefer this most lyrical literary style, such as Qiao Yu's "Let's paddle" and Ke Yan's "My Grandpa".
ballad
Narrative poetry is a literary style that uses the language of poetry to express the relationship between characters or events through specific life scenes, create beautiful artistic conception and truly express emotions. Narrative poems mostly rely on plots or characters to start the preface, but it does not necessarily require the integrity of the story, and the plot structure allows a big leap to express people and things full of poetry. The famous poet Guo Xiaochuan once said that "strangeness, beauty and affection" are three elements. "Beauty" means that poetry should form a beautiful artistic conception, with concise language and vivid image; "Emotion" means that poetry is full of emotion and interest. Li Ji's A Boy on Three Sides, Ren Rongrong's Dad's Teacher, The Secret of Ke Yan's Hat and Jin Jin's The Good Hunter of Tianmu Mountain are all representative works of narrative poetry.
fairy poem
Fairy tale poetry is a work that tells fairy tale (or legend) stories full of fantasy and exaggeration in the form of poetry. This is a combination of fairy tales and poems. It is generally regarded as a unique style of children's poetry. At the same time, it is a popular literary style for preschool children and preschool children. A poet said: "I often think that poetry should be full of the fantasy color of fairy tales, and I often think that the fantasy fairy tale world should be poetic." I like fairy-tale poems. I also love fairy tales. " (Zhang Qiusheng) Fairy tale poems include fairy tale poems based on folk fairy tales and folklore, such as Ruan's The Golden Conch and Xiong Saisheng's Ma Lianhua. There are also fairy tales based on real life, such as Tagore's Twilight, Ye Sheng's Adventures in the Bamboo Forest and Xi Yu Xu's Fairy Tales in the Forest.
allegorical poem
Allegory poetry, also known as poetic fable, is characterized by vivid implication and thought-provoking (philosophy or lesson), and is a poem narrated in the form of fable. /kloc-France's La Fontaine in the 0/7th century and Russia's krylov in the 0/9th century both wrote a large number of fable poems which were deeply loved by children, such as The Fly on the Train by Gao Hongbo, a contemporary writer in China, and The Snail Related by Zhang Qiusheng.
satirical poem
Satire poetry is a humorous children's poem that prompts and criticizes some unhealthy phenomena in children's lives by metaphor and exaggeration, and guides children to introspect. This kind of poetry either directly describes the child's wrong behavior and consequences, or mentions one or two shortcomings of the child, or deliberately exaggerates the child's bad habits and ridiculous endings, so that the child can see himself in a smile, be inspired and be vigilant. For example, Ren Rongrong's satirical poem "Pretending to Be Strong" is extremely exaggerated. Describe the slowness of dressing: get up in the morning and wear it until evening. Ironically, some children's habit of playing while doing things. Children's satirical poems are obviously different from ordinary satirical poems. Children's satirical poems are mostly kind, euphemistic and mild satire. Unlike ordinary satirical poems, most of them are aimed at some abnormal phenomena in social life, some people's misdeeds or the enemy's acrimony and incisiveness.
Poetry in prose
Prose poetry is a style between poetry and prose, which has the artistic conception of poetry and the form of prose. It pays attention to the rhythm of nature and the beauty of music. It is short in length and usually full of philosophy, just like prose, it has no branches or rhymes. For example, Guo Feng's "Let's Sing White Clouds, Galaxy" ... is a group of exquisite prose poems. In addition, Tagore, a great Indian poet, also wrote many excellent children's prose poems, such as Golden Flower.
Scientific poetry
Sci-tech poetry refers to sci-tech literary works written in the form of poetry. It is characterized by expressing scientific spirit, scientific phenomena and scientific laws. Such as In the Sun, Li's Defending the Weasel, and Sister in the Sun are all very good works.
poems for recitation
Its main feature is that it is suitable for children to recite. In order to meet the needs of recitation, more attention is paid to colloquialism in vocabulary use and sentence structure, such as Nostalgia, Sorry Dad by Gao Hongbo, Love Life by LULU, Recitation Poetry by Teng, Song of Young Heroes and Song of Hope.
Title poem
Inscription poem is a kind of children's poem written for pictures (or cartoons) suitable for children to enjoy. The poem inscribed by the famous poet Ke Yan is a model.
Children's poetry and children's songs belong to the category of children's poetry. Although both of them have the characteristics of poetry, they each have their own personality characteristics, and there are obvious differences between them. (1) From the reader's point of view, children's songs are mainly aimed at preschool and preschool children; Children's poems are mainly aimed at children in the middle and late school age. (2) In terms of theme expression, the theme of children's poems is often expressed in an indirect way, which is profound and implicit; Children's songs are often simple and easy to express the theme. For example, the children's poem "Little Brother and Kitten" and the children's song "Wash Your Hands" are both works with the theme of paying attention to hygiene, but their expressions are obviously different.
Children's poetry refers to poetry that is mainly accepted by children and suitable for children to listen, recite and read. It should conform to children's psychological and aesthetic characteristics, including poems written by adult poets for children, as well as poems expressing children's feelings. Children's poetry is a branch of poetry. Because it is restricted by the psychological characteristics of specific readers, it reflects the content of life, artistic conception, association and imagination, and the literary language used. They must conform to children's age characteristics and be loved by children. Only in this way can they play a unique role in cultivating children's good moral quality, ideological sentiment, stimulating and enriching children's imagination and thinking ability, especially in cultivating children's healthy aesthetic consciousness and artistic appreciation ability.
(A) full of children's emotions
Lyricism is the fundamental way that poetry reflects life. Children's poetry is no exception. However, due to the particularity of its readers, it is required that the emotions of poetry must be expressed from the depths of children's hearts, vividly conveying children's good feelings, good wishes and interesting feelings, so as to arouse the emotional excitement of young readers. For example, Ye Sheng's Summer Brothers is a poem full of childlike passion, which depicts the greenery of summer. On the surface, the poet is praising the green vitality of nature, but in fact, he is praising "students who study hard in the window covered with green trees for the four modernizations of the motherland ..." These students are the real green scenery in summer. This can not only cultivate children with beauty, but also increase their desire for knowledge, love for life and sense of responsibility for society. Children's feelings expressed in children's poems are often full of children's interest. Not only can children get care and pleasure from it, but also can bring adult readers back to the scene of childlike innocence and relive their childhood dreams. For example, "Fourteen Years Old, Blue Harbor" (Knee Yu Xu) by Chen Bochui, who won the Children's Literature Award, describes the children of this special age's understanding of love, expressing their feelings naturally and appropriately about troubles and naivety, personality differences, aspirations in their hearts, ideals and adventurous spirit. It is really timid to say that girls are timid, and they jump far away when they see bean worms. I hope I can have a few exclamation points to impress adults, but the question mark in my mind is always straight, and strange questions often embarrass the teacher ... "The poet vented the unique inner world and emotional activities of the child in humorous descriptions, which makes people feel that this is what a lively and happy child has, and the child's interest is beyond words. It should be noted that children's poems are full of words.
(B) children's rich imagination
Children are the most imaginative and associative. They always use their creative imagination to understand and interpret everything in the world. In their imaginary poetic world, flowers will laugh, birds will sing, grass will jump and fish will say ... Therefore, children's poetry must create a beautiful artistic conception with rich imagination that conforms to children's psychology, show children's childlike innocence and interest, and let children spread their imagination wings in a wonderful and colorful world. Understand the theme of this poem. This requires children's poetry to talk to children's hearts in the imaginary world. For example, Shao Yanxiang's children's poem "Little Fairy Tale": "In the south of the cloud,/in that distant place,/a leaf says: We want to/bloom like flowers. /A group of flowers said: We want to fly like birds. /A group of peacocks said, "We want to grow like a tree." In his imagination, he reproduced the beautiful images of "bougainvillea", "Little Butterfly" and "Peacock fir", and launched a rich reverie. But the poet's original intention is not only to spread the wings of imagination with children, but also to experience poetry from things and people. The "faraway places" are "Daijia Village" and "Flowers, butterflies and proud as a peacock have all become little girls"
(3) the idea is novel and ingenious
The emotion expressed in children's poems is far less profound than that expressed in adult poems, which is determined by children's emotional characteristics. How to express interest in a less broad emotional level and create a unique expression effect? This mainly depends on the novelty and ingenuity of the idea. This conception, which depends on the accumulation of life and children's imagination, largely determines the artistic level of children's poetry. For example, Ren Rongrong's "Daddy's Teacher" is not very creative in the emotional excavation of similar themes, but it is still a model of similar themes. The mystery is that the author has created a novel and ingenious conception mode. It achieves a unique expression effect. Another example is Lan Shu's "Insects and Birds": "I put my mother's washed socks on the rope,/one by one,/and the rope became a multi-legged insect,/crawling around in the sun. /I put my sister's handkerchief on the rope,/The rope turned into a flock of egrets,/Flying in the breeze.
(D) Simple and concise language
Poetry is the art of language. Only when profound thoughts and vivid images are expressed in concise, vivid and vivid language can they become poems. Children's poetry should provide excellent conditions for children to learn and master the language, so that children can learn the language in a beautiful language environment, enrich their vocabulary, improve their ability to master and appreciate the language, and enjoy the beauty at the same time. For example, in Liu Ruomin's Song of the Sea, the sea is sleeping: "The wind will not fall." /Langer stopped laughing. /In the middle of the night,/The sea fell asleep. /She is holding the bright moon,/She is carrying the stars. /Gentle tide,/That's its sleeping snoring. In a few words, the peaceful sea is presented to the readers, and vividly depicted by anthropomorphic methods with extremely accurate words such as "hug", "carry" and "hit". You can also learn from it and improve your ability to master and appreciate the language. In the beautiful language of children's poetry, in addition to the accurate and appropriate tempering of words, the sound rhythm of poetry should also be musical, that is, the rhyme of poetry should have aesthetic effects. Mr. Zhu Guangqian, an aesthetic expert, said: "The most direct expression of emotion is the rhythm of sound. However, literary significance is secondary. The emotional appeal that literary meaning can't express can often be expressed by sound rhythm. " (Selected Works of Zhu Guangqian's Aesthetic Literature) The musicality of children's poetry is mainly manifested in rhyme and rhythm. Through the change of rhyme and the patchwork of sentence patterns, children of different ages can be taken into account, and poetry can have a strong sense of music and rhythm, forming a neat aesthetic feeling of the whole poem. The younger the child, the child who studies. The distinct sense of rhythm in Wang An's "Di Li, Di Li" and Lu Bing's "Hole in the Chin" gives people a lively feeling of reading poetry like singing, which excites children and gains aesthetic feeling.
(E) the artistic conception of childlike beauty
The combination of emotion and image constitutes the artistic conception of this poem. Artistic conception should also be deliberately created by children's poems, aiming at creating a childlike and beautiful artistic conception. It is often said that the feelings of poetry should be attached to images. Only when this kind of children's poem expresses the real children's feelings implicitly through images, rather than shouting them out abstractly, can it have a childlike and beautiful artistic conception and impress children. For example, Liu Ruomin's The Moon in the Sky is Round. /It looks like a jade plate in the sea. /A group of fish swam over,/The jade plate broke into two or three pieces. /The fish ran away in fear,/all the way to the edge of the rock. /Looking back,/The moon is still round. "In the static beauty of the moon shining on the sea, through the dynamic participation of fish's" escape "and" look ",a group of small fish plays were created in ingenious ideas.
Simile method
Describing the characteristics of things is suitable for describing physical objects and natural scenery. Seems to be a direct metaphor. For example, the cloud is like a busy painter, painting one painting after another in the sky. Yun is like a playful problem children who often forgets to go home. This monkey is like a naughty clown all day. Pull out aunt peach's decorations later. For mice, I like you-a pair of smart eyes and pink ears. Although I love doing bad things, I still like you. If I come to your kingdom, I will definitely ask you to wash your face, wash your hands, take a bath and brush your teeth. I also need to teach you to work, don't sneak around. I also want to introduce you to a friend-his name is cat.
metaphor
Rich associations don't talk about metaphorical things, but readers associate themselves. For example, my mother is an alarm clock that wakes me up every morning. Mother's hands can turn white rice into delicious rice.
Military parade law
Tree: The tree in spring is the stage where flowers compete for beauty contests. The tree in summer is the classroom where cicadas sing. Trees in autumn are the cradle for fruits to sleep. Trees in winter are playgrounds for wind races.
Parallel method
Describe one thing with the same word or sentence pattern: wind, smile. Swing on the tree, race on the grassland, and play darts with leaves in the yard. A smile is the flower on your face and the honey on your mouth. Smiles are sweeter than sugar and more fragrant than flowers.
Anthropomorphic method
Lively, lovely and interesting, comparing things to people's lives. For example: 1. Spring breeze makes flowers open their mouths and sing. When the sun goes down, the light comes on. The moon shyly ran into the clouds to hide. The dew smiled happily when it saw the sun coming out. The grass will cry when it is happy. Soda shakes your hand and you are angry.
Imitation sound method
Add interest and imitate the sounds of all things in nature. For example, the wind is the most annoying. It secretly lifts my skirt every time, and then shouts beside it, shame on you! Shame! Shame! It really pisses me off.
Hypothetical method
Write a beautiful hope and imagination, and express your hope and imagination with "if" and "if" hypothetical statements. For example, if I become the wind, I will go to the place where my mother works and dry the sweat on my face for my mother. If I were a teacher, I would often go to physical education class to avoid disappointing my students. If I were a father, I would give up drinking to avoid my mother.
hyperbole
Create special effects, deepen the impression, embellish the description by describing quantity, time and behavior, and exaggerate the description. Traffic police The most powerful person in the world is the traffic police. Because he has qigong, dozens of cars will not move as long as he pushes it gently with one hand.
questioning method
Arouse interest and think deeply. Crab crab! Crab! Why are you foaming at the mouth? You just had lunch. Are you brushing your teeth and gargling? Are you drooling and want to eat the big apple in my hand?
Covering technology
The "heartbeat" of poetry-rhythm, pay attention to the rhythm and mood. "Egret" flew to the cow's back to rest, flew to the field, soaked in water, and flew to the straw to hide and seek.
Metric story
Write this story into a poem. For example, the grape trellis is very high and purple grapes are hung. Purple grapes are big, round, fragrant and sweet. The fox couldn't catch it for a long time when he saw it jump. He didn't want to rely on it, saying it was sour rather than stupid.
Call method
Call each other directly whether they meet or not, which makes the content more profound and vivid. Example: "New Clothes" Mom! The garden has been changed into colorful and delicious spring clothes; Trees have also changed into light green new clothes; The distant mountain took off its gray coat and put on a light green shirt; The grass put on a new green skirt and swayed in the spring breeze! Mom! Look, they are all wearing new clothes! Mom! People have changed into new clothes!
Dialogue method
Easy-going and easy to accept. Example: Brother, let's play games. My sister is a teacher and you are a student. Where is my little sister? She is too young to do anything. I think-let her be the principal.
correlation method
Highlight the content and nature, including color comparison, shape comparison, action comparison, event comparison, character comparison, space comparison ... "Private money" Dad's private money is hidden in the work hat; Mom's private money is hidden under leather shoes; My private money is hidden in my stomach.