As long as we read polyphonic words, we will encounter polyphonic words. According to preliminary statistics, there are more than 600 polyphonic words listed in Xinhua Dictionary, and there are as many as five pronunciations of individual words (for example, the word "He" has five pronunciations of hé, hè, hú, huó and huò).
So many people will inevitably make mistakes. How to master the different pronunciations of polyphonic words? Is the pronunciation of polyphonic words regular? When we study classical Chinese, we will also encounter polyphonic words, which are called "different readings" in ancient Chinese.
The Chinese textbook for senior high school published by People's Education Press divides the different pronunciations of classical Chinese into three categories: broken pronunciation, vulgar error and archaic pronunciation. This classification reflects the laws of different reading and helps students to read classical Chinese accurately.
This enlightens us that classification can also be used to help students master the rules of polyphonic words in vernacular Chinese. The author sorted and classified more than 600 polyphonic words in Xinhua Dictionary, and put them into teaching practice, which achieved satisfactory results.
These more than 600 polyphonic words can be divided into six categories. 1, with different parts of speech, different meanings and different pronunciations.
Pronunciation has the function of distinguishing part of speech from meaning. For example, long cháng (adjective) is very long, very long and lasting? The loNger the ng (verb), the bigger it is. The number of knowledge sh incarnation (verb) is countless. It is not uncommon to find the number of words (nouns) and adverbs. Wéi (verb) has a future. Who is the de (helper) who thinks Wé i (intermediary) serves the people and leaves a bad impression? That's true. When (proper) dì (noun) has a clear purpose, jiàng (verb) drops rain (meaning falling) xiáng (verb) surrenders dragons and tigers (meaning submission and obedience, making them tame) Yin yān (adjective) is crimson, and yān (adjective) is earnest and diligent. The last two words have the same nature, but different meanings, so their pronunciations are different.
This kind of polyphonic word is called "broken sound" in classical Chinese, but no one gives it this name in vernacular Chinese. Among more than 600 polyphonic words, there are about 500 polyphonic words of this type. Mastering such polysemous words means mastering most polysemous words.
Although there are a large number of these polyphonic words, due to their different parts of speech and meanings, their different pronunciations are relatively easy to master as long as they are carefully compared. 2. Some interchangeable words in classical Chinese continue to be used in modern times, forming disyllabic words.
For example, Juan à n's meaningful jūn follows Jun Juan to repair Juan's turtle-pulling and turtle-shrinking (figurative reference) jūn follows diàn to split tenants, tenants rent tián and follow Zhen (hunting) to pull zhàI on the door; Y ū is the same as "Abandoning armor and dragging soldiers" 3. Common usage is different from the usage of names and places, resulting in polyphony.
For example, the simple menu of a single dān unit is simple. shàn surname is Shan Shan County (place name). chán Khan (ancient Xiongnu monarch) is white B? I cypress, pine and cypress evergreen asphalt road bó Berlin (place name) bò Huangbai (scientific name of traditional Chinese medicine) Park pǔ Simple, hardworking and simple Pio surname Park pūju (an ancient weapon) pò Pu Shu (tree name) Magnolia officinalis (scientific name of traditional Chinese medicine) This type is called "ancient reading" in classical Chinese, and the pronunciation of these words has been passed down from ancient times to the present.
The above three types are in one-to-one correspondence with the different readings of classical Chinese. It is of great benefit to clarify this relationship for students to master the polyphonic words in vernacular Chinese.
4. Different usages have different pronunciations and usages. For example: peeling bāo (for single use only) peeling peanut sheepskin bū (for compound words) depriving exploitation, peeling, peeling, peeling xiāo (for single use only), peeling, sharpening pencils, thinning and thinning báo (for single use only). Tissue paper is worn too thin. Bó (for compound words) is weak, cheap and light. I (for single use only) catch the mouse dragonfly dài (used as a compound word). The number of this polyphonic word is very small. The reason why they are grouped together is that they are frequently used and have a high mispronounced rate, so it is not easy to distinguish them in meaning.
Understand that it is different from usage, and it is easy to master it. 5. Different styles and pronunciations can distinguish styles.
For example: blood deficiency (pronunciation) blood feud blood pressure blood vessel xi? (Pronunciation) Hemorrhage and hematemesis Two blood nuclei hé (Pronunciation) Walnut kernel hú (Pronunciation) Almond coal ball Seeking xún (Pronunciation) Seeking common chapters Abstract xín (Pronunciation) Seeking pleasure and dying, thinking out of date (Pronunciation), backward, Loà o (Pronunciation), sleeping on the kang, fading 6. The existence of dialect vocabulary leads to polyphony. Te Te Te (wrong meaning) Tuρ (dialect) wind Te big house (te: Tai) open chāi open letters and open quilts cā (dialect) open dirty (metaphor irresponsible) roll ya, roll cotton, roll accounts (audit accounts) roll friends (make friends) Many people roll very hard (squeeze). In these two kinds of polyphonic characters, the pronunciation and dialect are
In order to facilitate the explanation, the author divides the pronunciation of polyphonic words into the above six categories. In fact, many words have several types of pronunciation.
But as long as you master the method of distinguishing, you can draw inferences from others, get twice the result with half the effort, and it is easier to master polyphonic characters.
2. Do you need to read ancient sounds when reading ancient poems and prose? You can read it in ancient pronunciation or in southern dialects such as Cantonese.
If you read any old slogan or poem in Cantonese, you will find that they rhyme amazingly. take for example
Boiling beans and burning beans, black beans seeping juice, zap 1 will enter the shade.
The fermented grains are burned in the kettle, the beans weep in the kettle, and jap 1 enters the kettle.
We were born from the same root, so why should we speculate with each other! Gap 1 yin-zhong
They all rhyme. I can't express Cao Zhi's emotions at that time in a plain voice.
Heaven is dead, and Huang Tian should set up lap6.
At the age of 60, Jiazi, the world university gat 1.
In addition, you can also try "Man Jiang Hong" and listen to this song sung by Tam, which also rhymes to express your grief and indignation.