1, Jiang, a descendant of Shennong, took Guo as his surname, and his ancestor Gai was Jiang Ziya. According to the materials such as Dialectics of Surnames, Genealogy, Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames and Dialectics of Surnames in Ancient and Modern Times, Zhang was born in Zhucheng Village (now Zhangqiu County), Dongping County, Tai 'an City, Shandong Province, and is an ancient country in Shang Dynasty. Zhang's birthplace is (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jiang Ziya was sealed in the State of Qi, in order to build Qi. Qi Taigong accepted Yan as a vassal state, and Qi Taigong later enfeoffed Yan and neighboring Qi to illegitimate children. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Yan was destroyed by the State of Qi, and the descendants of the State of Yan took the name "Yan" as their surname. Because they thought that the country no longer existed, they removed the "Yi" representing Xinjiang City and became the surname Zhang today. Yan and Qi are descendants of Qi Taigong. After the demise of Yan State, the people of China came to this city as a chapter to commemorate their motherland. This is Zhang. It's a tragedy that the same family is killing each other.
2. In terms of pregnancy surname, it is one of the twelve basic surnames given by Huangdi. According to Yuan He Shi Bian, the Huai family is one of the twelve basic surnames given by the Yellow Emperor, and the ancestor is the eldest son of the Yellow Emperor. According to Zuo Zhuan, the Huai family comes from the surname Feng and is a descendant of the Fuxi family of Taihao. The 25 sons of the Yellow Emperor got 12 surnames, one of which was pregnant, while Xie, Zhang, Xue, Shu, Lu, Zhong, Quan, Bi, Guo and Zhu all came from the original pregnant surnames. Therefore, Zhang is of course a descendant of the Yellow Emperor 5000 years ago, and it is an ancient surname with a long history.
3. Change from his surname:
(1) Zhang Yi was originally an enemy of the Han Dynasty, but she changed her surname to avoid revenge.
(2) A native of the Yuan Dynasty, surnamed Liu, was brought up by Zhang and took Zhang as his surname.
(3) According to the Biography of Yuan's Alumni, Zhang's real name is Liu, and he was Zhang's adopted son when he was young, so his surname was Zhang.
(4) According to Biography, he lived in the Jin family and had two sons with Zhang Sheng, one named Zhang Xiaoci.
4. Change the surname from his home:
(1) The Manchu surname in Qing Dynasty was Zhang, who lived in Daling River.
(2) In Qing Dynasty, the Manchu Eight Banners changed their surname from Zhang's to Zhang's.
(3) During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zhang, the deputy tongzhi of Beishengfu, Yunnan, was a Mongolian; Later, it was changed to a single surname chapter.
(4) Some contemporary Tujia people used to take Jiang Jiakong or Jiang Ayinle as their surnames, but now Mongolian, Tujia and other ethnic groups have this surname. Later, it was also saved as a single surname.
Ancestor: Qi Taigong. Shang Ming, known as Ziya, also known as Lu Shang, Lv Wang and Jiang Taigong, was named Tai Gong Wang and Tai Shi Fu Shang, a famous politician and strategist in the early Zhou Dynasty. Assisting and helping destroy the Zhou Dynasty was the first founding hero of the Zhou Dynasty. When he became king, he was sealed in Qi. Later, he was appointed as our envoy of Yan State. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Yan State was annexed by Qi State, sharing the same surname. The descendants of Yan State were ashamed of sharing the same room, took losing their country as their surname, and retreated to the city, which was called Zhang. They revered Qi Taigong as their ancestor.
Second, migration distribution.
In 664 BC, Yan was destroyed by its kin Qi, and Zhang began to spread throughout the country. For example, during the Warring States Period, there was a general in the State of Qi (now Shandong Province). At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, there were General Qin and Zhang Ping brothers, followed by Zhang Wen (descendant of Taigong), Zhang Qian (present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu), Hun Shan Yu, Jin Chen, Hun Zhang Ni, and Zhang He in Yangzhou, Eastern Han Dynasty (present-day Jiangsu). These historical facts show that during the Qin and Han Dynasties, Zhang had entered northern Mongolia. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the descendants of Jiang Taigong multiplied in Zhang Yu and became a big family, thus forming the surname of Zhangyu County, and the famous surname of Xing Wu in the Qing Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties was also derived from this. According to the data in this issue, the surname of Zhang in Hejian (now Hebei Province) also developed rapidly, and then gradually flourished, forming the county hope of Hejian. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, people named Zhang had settled in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan), and now there are people named Zhang in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui and other places. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, a person named Zhang settled in Fujian. For example, Zhang Zaijun's ancestors moved to Pucheng from Quanzhou, Fujian. In the Song Dynasty, the chronicles were more famous for their surnames. Due to the turmoil in the north, Zhang's migration mainly concentrated in the south, such as Zhang's father Zhang Yu moved from Pucheng, Fujian to Suzhou, from Pucheng to Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, Zhang Fu moved from Poyang (now Boyang, Jiangxi) to Yizheng, Jiangsu, Zhang Yan moved from Taiping, Ningguo to Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), and Zhang Xian moved from Pucheng, Jianzhou to Suzhou. At this time, due to the entry of Zhang Dexiang, Zhang Dun and Zhang Jian, Jiangnan Zhang's surname became famous for a while. At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Shanxi Zhang, as one of the surnames of Sophora japonica settlers in Hongdong, moved around Hunan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Hebei, Beijing and other places. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zhang was more widely distributed, and some coastal Zhang moved to Taiwan Province Province, Southeast Asia, Europe and America. 1949, Chiang Kai-shek was defeated in Taiwan Province province. At that time, Zhang had many followers in Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian. Today, Zhang is widely distributed in China, especially in Hubei, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other provinces. Zhang in these three provinces accounts for about 64% of the total population of Han nationality in China. Zhang is the118th surname in China, with a large population, accounting for 0. 12% of the Han population in China.
Third, historical celebrities.
Zhang Han: General of the Qin Dynasty. Rebels in Chen Sheng and Xiang Liang were suppressed with great success, and then defeated by Xiang Yu in Julu. Soon, he surrendered to Xiang Yu, was named the eternal king, and built the abandoned hill of the capital (now Xingping South, Shaanxi Province). In 2005, he committed suicide after being defeated by Han Xin.
Zhang Dun: Zi Zihou (1035- 1 105), a native of Pucheng, Jianzhou, was a minister in the Northern Song Dynasty. Jinshi origin, was sent by Wang Anshi to deal with ethnic minority issues. Zhezong was appointed Prime Minister after he joined the government. Because of his change in Xixia policy, the war reignited. When discussing the issue of heirs with Zhezong, he thought that Hui Zong was frivolous and severely criticized the old school. After Hui Zong ascended the throne, he was repeatedly relegated.
Zhang Heng: nephew of Zhang Dun, minister of the Northern Song Dynasty. Injong years, high school champion. After Renzong, Zongshen and Zhezong dynasties, he was an official for a long time and changed frequently. He dared to criticize the current situation and served as an envoy to Liao. His literary talent and martial arts surprised Liao people.
Zhang Yue: Minister of Northern Song Dynasty. Wang Anshi's implementation of the New Deal was an important event in the history of the Song Dynasty, and Zhang Yue, a talented scholar in Pucheng, Fujian, who was famous for his erudition at that time, played an important role in this event.
Zhang Jian: Longxingfu (now Xiushui, Jiangxi) was born in Fenning, a minister of the Southern Song Dynasty. Ten years of Xianchun, Prime Minister and Tang Ambassador. He is generous and omnipotent, and is called "full of joy". Being an honest official, his family is poor.
Zhang Yi: A native of Longquan, Zhejiang Province, was a minister in the early Ming Dynasty. And Liu Ji, Song Lian, also known as Mr. Si, were respected by Zhu Yuanzhang. Tired of being an official, but also praised the ancient scholar.
Huang Zhang: a Confucian scholar in the Ming Dynasty, with a clear word, was born in Nanchang, the owner of Bailudong Academy in Lushan, and a Confucian tutor in Shuntianfu (now Beijing). He is noble and knowledgeable, and has frequent contacts with Matteo Ricci since he met him. One day, Matteo Ricci was ill, but his friends came to visit him in an endless stream. Huang Zhang saw that he was at a loss, which was bad for his health. Out of goodwill concern, he asked Matteo Ricci to "tell the servants to tell the visiting guests that I am not at home". Matteo Ricci said, "We generally don't lie, and we can't lie." This statement has won the respect of many friends.
Zhang Bi: a scholar in Qing Dynasty and the father of Zhang Xuecheng. According to "Zhang's suicide note", "Loneliness leads to the loss of ancestral suicide notes, and poverty leads to the inability to buy books, so people borrow them ... tirelessly. "After years of hard work, I finally got into Jinshi. However, Zhang Biao, who was admitted to the imperial examination, didn't get the official position, because he was a Geng Jie and was not good at job hunting. It was not until the sixteenth year of Qianlong (175 1) nine years later that Zhang Bi was awarded the county magistrate of Yingcheng County, Hubei Province, and began his ten-year career as an official and teacher in Yingcheng and Tianmen.
Zhang Xu: Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) was a minister of the Qing Dynasty. During the Qianlong period, he was a scholar, and served as cabinet secretary, Shaanxi-Gansu academic government, Hubei minister, Hubei governor, and minister of rites. Tired officer to military affairs minister, Dongting University.
Zhang Yan: A native of Yinxian (now Ningbo, Zhejiang), a minister and poet in the Qing Dynasty. Xianfeng Renzi Cohen was the top scholar, tired of officials drinking in the countryside. Author of "Wang Shi Draft".
: General Chen of the Southern Dynasties was born in Wu Kang (now Zhejiang). His mood is strict and he is good at being a general. Because of his military achievements, he has served as secretary of Dingzhou, governor, general of town army and general of riding.
Zhang: A native of Fucheng in the Tang Dynasty. He lost his father when he was a child and was raised by his brother Zhang Quanqi. His mother was ill, so Zhang Quanqi cut off the meat from her thigh and gave it to her. Her illness has really recovered. Later, Zhang Quanqi went out to travel and died in the hotel. Zhang thanked his brother for his kindness, made mourning clothes, and because Zhang Quanqi cut off his own meat for his mother to eat, he set fire to his fingers and repeatedly experienced his brother's pain. He also wrote Hokkekyo in silver and read it in the morning and evening. Understand the truth. Later, he built a house in Fulou Lane, Chengdu, which contained an alchemy furnace. He lives in this room alone, without servants, and he gets money for alchemy. When the quantity reaches one or two ounces of gold, a Buddha statue will be carved.
Zhang Chengmian: Clear pronunciation and mellow voice, Zhang Zhongxiang as a son, no test of life and death. In the Tang Dynasty, a native of Tonglu, Zhejiang Province, was the ancestor of Zhang in Fuchun (now Fuyang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). Known as filial piety, he is called Mr. Xiao Biao. One day, in the curtain of Li Shen, it just snowed in the east, and I took this opportunity to write a poem, which was appreciated by the gentry. In the fourteenth year of Yuanhe (8 19), he was promoted to Jinshi and awarded a captain. Tang Wenzong Taihe Middle School (about 83 1 year) worked as an official in Dong Nan Road, Tangshan, trying to evaluate Dali, and finally became a secretary. He is the author of a collection of poems, Records of Calligraphy and Art in the New Tang Dynasty, which has spread all over the world.
Zhang Dexiang: Pucheng (now Fujian) was the great-grandson of Zhang Zaijun, a minister of the Northern Song Dynasty. Jin Shisheng and Injong reigned for eight years. He didn't use any relatives of Zongdang to keep silent about the reforms carried out by Fan Zhongyan and others, or even made no achievements.
Zhang: A native of Shu in Yuan Dynasty, whose real name was Liu. Young Zhang was sentenced to adopt a son and changed his surname to Zhang. He was separated from his mother, Fu, for thirty-eight years, and visited all counties in Jiangxi to welcome him back to raise him.
Zhang Xuecheng: Zi Shizhai (1738- 180 1), born in Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), was a famous thinker, historical theorist and local chronicler in Qing Dynasty. Qianlong Jinshi, a former official in imperial academy, gave lectures in Dingwu, Baoding Lianchi, Guizheng and other academies. Bi Yuan, the governor of Huguang in later generations, was the shogunate, helping to compile books such as "Continuing to Manage Mirrors". He is the author of Literature and History and Textual Research on Historical Records.
Zhang:No. Taiyan, a native of Yuhang, Zhejiang, is a modern democratic revolutionary, thinker and scholar. Participated in the Reform Movement, the Second Revolution and the Defence Movement. And participated in the formation of the Guangfu Association, and then participated in the League. He has great attainments in China's modern philosophy, literature, history and linguistics. There is a series, a series continues, and a series three.
Zhang, a native of Changsha, Hunan, was a modern democratic revolutionary, educator and scholar. In the early days, he founded a newspaper to advocate the revolution and formed a Huaxing Association with Huang Xing. After that, he took part in the second revolution and the movement to protect the country and protect the law. He used to be the chief of education and the chief of justice of Beiyang government. After liberation, he served as director of the Museum of Literature and History and member of the CPPCC. There are the manuscripts of Jiayin magazine, famous novels and logical essentials.
Zhang Xiaoci: a native of Fenghua, Zhejiang, the son of Jiang Jingguo and the twin brother of small swallow. In less than half a year, her mother Zhang Yaruo died young and was raised by her grandmother. In order not to damage the reputation of the Chiang family, the Zhang brothers failed to formally enter the Chiang family, and their surnames could only be crowned with their mother's surnames. Although he can't be surnamed Jiang, Chiang Kai-shek personally gave him the names of filial piety and filial piety, ranking among the third generation of "filial piety". 1994 10, Zhang xiaoci died in Taipei on 1995 when he returned to the mainland to attend an academic seminar. 1997, small swallow, then "Foreign Minister" of Taiwan Province Province, received a joint letter from three leaders of the Chiang family in his hometown of Zhejiang, admitting that he and Zhang Xiaoci were descendants of the Chiang family. However, Zhang Xiaoci is no longer alive and becomes a regret.
Small swallow: Fenghua, Zhejiang, was born in Guilin, Guangxi, the son of Jiang Jingguo. 1949 crossed the ocean to settle in Hsinchu, Taiwan Province. Graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Soochow University, he was sent to the Political Operations Corps of the Ministry of National Defense as a reserve officer for political operations. After retiring, he taught at Huwei Middle School. 1968 passed the "b-class special examination for diplomatic and consular officials" and entered the "Ministry of Foreign Affairs". A year later, he went to the University of Leuven in France to study French. After returning to Taiwan Province, I worked in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a clerk and secretary of the embassy in the United States. 1977 was transferred to the head of the first section of the North American Division, 1978 passed the "first-class special examination for diplomatic and consular officers" and served as a special member of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1979 was promoted to Deputy Director of North America Department and Deputy Secretary-General of North American Affairs Coordination Committee, 1982 was promoted to Director, and four years later he was appointed as Executive Deputy Director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1989 12 was transferred to the position of director of the Overseas Work Association of the Kuomintang Central Committee and publisher of Chinese and Foreign Pictorial to promote overseas party affairs. During his term of office, the Kuomintang established the Overseas Chinese Promotion Association in party member and the United States, and returned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in August 1990 as the second minister of government affairs. 1March, 1993, he was transferred to the position of Chairman of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee. Member of the 13th Central Committee of the Kuomintang.