In history, many women went out to the fortress to kiss each other, and most of them were imperial princesses with high status. However, most of their deeds have long been unknown with the passage of history. Only Wang Zhaojun, an ordinary maid-in-waiting who was born in a "good family", will be remembered forever. People call the home where she was born "Zhaojun House", the village where she grew up "Zhaojun Village", the river washed by Huansha called "Xiangxi", the bridge she crossed called "Pipa Bridge", and many monuments and temples were built for her. All this, without exception, sincerely condenses people's admiration for Zhaojun and deeply entrusts people's memory of Zhaojun!
Zhaojun's departure from the fortress was an important political action in the history of the Western Han Dynasty. Judging from her later historical role, her name will naturally remain immortal.
The story of Zhao Jun's leaving the fortress attracted literary artists of all ages widely and strongly. They used music, painting, poetry, lyrics, variations, drama, novels and other literary forms to create and sang thousands of works. It is really "ten thousand artists respect each other like guests"! Therefore, the story of Zhao Jun's departure from the fortress is largely due to the singing and promotion of literary and artistic works of past dynasties, which has been circulated for a long time and has been paid more and more attention by future generations.
There were many poems praising Wang Zhaojun in ancient times. What are the contents of these poems? What ideas have been promoted? How should we view and evaluate these works today? Here I intend to make a brief introduction and preliminary discussion.
( 1)
Shortly after Wang Zhaojun's death, this story began to spread, and in the Han Dynasty, there was music with Zhaojun's departure as its content. Why did Han people compose this piece of music? According to Tang Shu, it is to "pity his long marriage." Since it is a "distant marriage", there will naturally be more "sad" voices.
The tone of music in the Han Dynasty has a far-reaching influence on later poets, so "cherishing their distant relatives" has become the theme of most later poets. For example, in Bao Zhao's "Wang Zhaojun":
"Now that things have changed, my heart will follow the wild goose road. The frost is shocking every night, and I swallow it in the middle of the night. "
Geng Xin s Ming Jun Ci in the Northern Zhou Dynasty;
"The folding of the eyebrow light luce, still hope Mrs City. Every piece of beauty falls, and my eyes are full of tears. Glaciers lead horses across the river, and snowy roads carry saddles. Hu Feng's intestines are cold, and jathyapple's heart is clear. Fang tune the piano and become the voice of Hu. "
Bao's poems are deep and elegant, while Geng's poems are profound, clear and distinctive. Bao and Geng's poems not only "regret their long marriage", but also sympathize with their hardships all the way, and also express their homesickness for the motherland. In particular, Geng Shi's poem "Gathering Eyebrows and Looking at the Female City" expresses unusual feelings. "Guanglusai" is a pavilion barrier on the frontier fortress, but its intention is still general. "Lady's City" was Fu Jian's attack on Liangzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Han, the mother of the secretariat of Zhu Xu, led a maid-in-waiting and a maid in a famous city to build an oblique city in the northwest corner to refuse Fu Jian. At that time, people called it "Lady City". Geng Xin, as a symbol of the motherland, can't say that it doesn't contain deeper meanings!
Of course, the best poem with the content of "far marriage" should also be two poems by Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. Let's take a look at the top five wonders:
"Zhaojun brushed jade saddle, horse crow beauty. Today, Han Palace people, Ming Dynasty Alakazam concubine. "
The language is simple and profound, and in just four sentences, the sadness of Wang Zhaojun's distant marriage is written into three points. "Today", "Ming Dynasty", "Han Gong Ren" and "Alakazam Concubine" are all neat opposites and sharp contrasts. Look at the second song:
"Han Qin month, flow shadow lighting princess. Once on the jade pass, the end of the world is gone forever. John also went out from the East China Sea, and Fei Ming married the west with no future. Swallow branches grow in Leng Xue, and moths are haggard and unshaven. Living without gold is a waste of pictures, and dying in a green grave is a shame! "
Lonely all the way, only the bright moon to send, only the bright moon to accompany, it is sad enough. However, what is even more tragic is that Japan, which has gone and never returned, will never come back. The whole poem begins with leaving the Han Palace and ends with "Wu Hu Sha", describing the whole process of marrying Alakazam far away. Comparing people with the bright moon is both vivid and profound. Finally, the poet lamented the unfortunate experience of Wang Zhaojun with tragic feelings.
According to historical records, Zhao Jun went to the fortress and kissed him. Since it is voluntary, it shows that you know something about going to the fortress and getting close. Now that you know each other, you won't be sad because you are married far away. The poet's idea of "marrying far away" may come from moving from other places and sympathizing with "Miss unlucky". In the ancient feudal society with extremely inconvenient transportation, this thought is understandable and should not be criticized too much, but it is far from the spirit of Wang Zhaojun in history and does not truly reflect Zhao Jun's inner feelings.
Among the poets after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, some people think that it is not sad to marry far away. For example, Yu Ji, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, expressed this understanding in his poem "The Riverbank Map of Zhaojun". The poem says:
"The world is a worry-free, and spend the Spring and Autumn Festival. How to make a pipa, the grass does not rest. "
This insight and understanding embodies Wang Zhaojun's thought and spirit.
(2)
Today, I saw an earlier poem about Wang Zhaojun, which was Shi Chong's Ci of Wang Mingjun in the Western Jin Dynasty. "Ci" is preceded by "preface", which says:
"Wang Mingjun, this is Zhao Jun, who touched the taboo of Emperor Wen (Si Mazhao). How did he change it? Xiongnu Sheng invited the Han Dynasty to get married. After that, Gong Liangjia's son Zhao Jun deserved it. Yesterday, the princess married Wusun, which immediately made Pipa have fun and comforted her thoughts on the road. It was sent to Mingjun, Philip also. It creates new songs with many sad voices, so it is described in the paper cloud! " Its words say:
"I'm from Korea's family, and I will be very comfortable in the court. When the lyrics are over,
The forerunner has resisted Jing. The servant is displaced by tears, and the iron horse mourns.
After five days of mourning, Zhu Ying was wet with tears. The day of travel is still far away,
So the Xiongnu City was built. Take me to the vault and add my E Shi name.
Extremely tired and unsafe, although expensive and not noble. Father and son are humiliated,
Shame and surprise. Suicide is not easy, you should live silently.
If you are alive, you can't talk about it. May false flying wings,
Make good use of it. Hong Fei doesn't care about me, but stands with a screen camp.
It used to be jade in a box, but now it is dung in English. Chaohua is not happy enough,
Sweet autumn grass. After the news spread, the world was embarrassed to get married. "
From Shi Chong's Preface of Words, we can certainly see the relationship between it and China's music-sorry for his long-distance love, and there are many sad voices, but he described marriage as a national shame and remarriage as a personal shame, which greatly promoted the great nationalism and feudal moral concepts.
Shi Chong's Poems: Bad influence on later generations. After Shi Chong, some poems about Zhaojun in Sui Dynasty, resentment about Zhaojun in Oriental Autumn in Tang Dynasty, and Wang Zhaojun in Jong Li all advocated similar ideas. In the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many people and many poems. Especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the meeting attached the king's life, your good, women's moral integrity and so on, and the content was even more reactionary. I won't list them here.