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Literary Significance of "Tall Building" Image in Song Poetry
"Image is the description of the spatial image of things by the human brain. Ancient philosophers and literary critics in China believe that images are abstract and elusive, but images in many ancient literary works are concrete. Modern psychology believes that image is the representation of people's past feelings and perceptual experiences in their minds. As Kant, a German philosopher, said, image is a perceptual image reconstructed by imagination. " ①
In China's ancient poems, many poets love to express their thoughts with images, and the aesthetic consciousness of poets and poets is externalized through images. From their favorite images, we can see the content of the work, the author's aesthetic taste, thoughts and feelings, artistic style and so on. For example, the fragrant path in the small garden in Yan Shu's works and the sunset in the cuckoo sound in Qin Guan's ci can show the theme of the works, the author's emotion and even his personality. Although it is not always easy to capture images, when reading a work, you can quickly capture images in the work by carefully understanding the content of the work and trying to figure out the author's mind. In our poetry appreciation teaching, guiding students to grasp the image of tall buildings is conducive to accurately and effectively grasping the author's feelings and understanding the theme of the works.
"Tall building" should be said to be an image that impressed me deeply in the works of poets in Song Dynasty. Appeared in the works of Yan Shu, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi. Although the frequency of appearance is not as high as Sunset, Bright Moon and Willow, it attracts me with its unique personality charm.
The reality of life shows that those who climb high and look far, especially those who lean against buildings and railings, are most likely to arouse parting thoughts, arouse emotions and best express the author's psychological emotions. Climbing a tall building, or facing the water, or hanging high, can refresh you, but it is more likely to cause people a sense of depression and trouble. Therefore, I think poets love to climb stairs, but they are afraid of climbing stairs. Ouyang Xiu warned in words: "The building is not close to the dangerous building!" Su Shi also sighed deeply: "I regret going upstairs. Arouse new worries and crush old ones. " (Qinyuanchun), and Wu Wenying "Mo Denglin, a few trees, a tall building in the northwest." ("High Balcony"), Zhang Yan is "arrogant and has the setting sun, but he is afraid to go upstairs." (Ganzhou) clearly shows the poet's attitude towards going upstairs. This further shows that the image of "tall building" is intriguing and has a unique literary meaning. Below, we will try to take the concrete works of two or three poets as an example to analyze how the literary significance of the image of "tall building" makes people and the author produce an emotional sound.
A butterfly in love with flowers
The threshold chrysanthemum worries about smoke and tears. The curtain is light and cold, and the swallow flies away. The bright moon doesn't know how to leave sorrow and hate bitterness, and shines obliquely through Zhuhu Lake. Last night, the west wind adjusted the trees, and I went up to the tall building alone and looked at the horizon. To send colorful stationery and rulers, I don't know where the mountains are long and the waters are wide!
This poem was written in late autumn, which vividly shows the loneliness and sadness of the owner who stayed alone in Zhuhu Lake, and embodies the poet's gentle and delicate feelings. The first paragraph of the poem is an emotional scene, and the next paragraph is a description of behavior rather than psychology. Through "standing alone in a tall building and looking at the horizon", it shows the hero's strong and irresistible yearning. Most scholars believe that Yan Shu, as the Prime Minister of Taiping, has a very superior life, and his works are mostly wandering scenes and expressing his listless works. However, from this poem, we can see that although Yan Shu lived a stable and prosperous life and had an elegant and tolerant attitude towards life, he couldn't help but think of the past, miss his old friend and feel worried after he boarded the tall building alone, all because the independence of the tall building highlighted the situation of a person at that time, and he suddenly felt sad. Yan Shu was demoted from office three times in his life, and was dismissed from office for the third time until his death, but he was strong and straightforward, just like the broad-minded realm of "looking at the horizon" in the next movie, which made this sad word vaguely reveal some philosophy.
If Yan Shu's "high-rise building" only reveals a faint sadness, then Fan Zhongyan's lonely building brings a deep autumn loneliness. Let's look at Fan Zhongyan's Su Curtain again:
Water bag dance
Blue sky, yellow leaves, autumn colors, cold smoke, green waves. The mountain reflects the setting sun and the sky meets the water, and the grass is ruthless, even outside the setting sun. Dimfragrance's soul, chasing the thoughts of travel, every night unless, good dreams make people sleep. The bright moon tower is lonely, and the wine turns into sorrow and tears.
As a famous politician in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan was loyal, outspoken and bold-minded, so most of his ci poems were broad in artistic conception and distinctive in style, which reflected the poet's broad mind. However, in such an open environment, there is a gloomy figure of the author leaning alone on the tall building. Between the lines, we can see the author's sadness and homesickness. In the lonely autumn night, in the cold moonlight like water, alone, leaning against a tall building, the building is lonely here, and people are lonely here, and they feel quite appreciate each other. There is no one to complain about homesickness, so we can only drown our sorrows by drinking, but unexpectedly, "it is even more worrying to drown our sorrows by drinking." The "tall buildings" here are places where wanderers live, but they are also places where stranded people miss home.
In these two poems, the loneliness of the "tall building" leaves feelings for those who climb the building, but in Su Shi's "Water Tune", what kind of feelings does this "tall building" in the sky bring to the author?
"I want to go home by the wind, but I am afraid of Qionglou Yuyu. It is too cold at the top." Su Shi's poems greatly improve the quality of Ci, expand the realm of Ci, and show heroic and unrestrained personal character and detached attitude towards life. Such people also have the sigh of "regret going upstairs" in "Qinyuanchun". Even though he climbed the high-rise building in the sky-Qionglou Yuyu, he was still "unattainable". "The so-called' going home' is the Old Moon Palace, that is, leaving secular interests and disputes and giving up the name of meager profit. The phrase "I'm afraid" means that I'm too cold and quiet to make up my mind. " These explanations show that no matter how extraordinary, you have to face a realistic problem that any official traveler can't avoid-how to treat being an official and retiring, and also show that the cold silence symbolized by "Qionglou Yuyu" is one of the factors that the poet can't decide. High-rise buildings are naturally cold and lonely, so they are also afraid of going upstairs.
It seems that "tall buildings" are really unforgettable images in Song Ci. For the ancients, the feelings and thoughts aroused when climbing a tall building made people "afraid to climb the building." For modern people, the interpretation of the image of "tall building" provides us with more ways to understand the author and his works. Especially in our poetry appreciation teaching, it is much easier to guide students to grasp the image of tall buildings, and then it is much easier to grasp the author's feelings and understand the theme of the works!
Citation: ① Cited from Dictionary of Literary Terms edited by Chang Bao, Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House, 1987 edition, P 136.