After all, where is Fang Qiu? -"Burying Flowers"
Who will tell Qiu Xin? -"Nianju"
Who do you complain to in silence? -"Ode to Bai Haitang"
A word, a voice, lightly affects the reader's sadness.
Wang Guowei once divided poets into "subjective poets" and "objective poets". He said: "Subjective poets don't need to read more about the world. The shallower they look at the world, the more real they feel. " [2] Lin Daiyu is such a "subjective poet". When she writes poetry, she always has a strong subjective color and pours strong emotions. Take Burying Flowers as an example:
Flowers wither, flowers fly all over the sky, and souls disappear. Who has compassion?
The young poet is keenly aware that spring is fading and peach blossoms are falling. So looking at flowers from their own perspective, "Who" not only asks others if they can feel the sadness of falling flowers, but also refers to themselves, feeling that only they in the world deeply feel the pain of falling flowers. At the same time, the empty question of "who" also contains the double sorrow that the fallen petal cannot be sympathized by the world and the poet cannot be understood by the world. This sad question makes the poet and the flower blend together, which lays a strong tone of self-expression for the whole poem, and also makes the whole poem shrouded in a sad atmosphere from the beginning, and the poet's emotional temperament is fully revealed in a faint question.
Peaches and plums can be delivered next year. Who do you know in the boudoir next year?
When will it be bright? Once wandering, it's hard to find.
Compare yourself directly with flowers and lament the fate of wandering. How long can bright peach blossoms last? Beautiful and graceful youth is similar to flowers, and it is easy to float away, but peach blossoms can reappear after the winter solstice and spring, and it is difficult to get back youth when people die! Flowers are easy to fall, people's lives are short, and people's lives are not even as good as peach blossoms that can be re-issued.
After all, where is Fang Qiu?
I am going to die and be buried, but I don't know when Nong will die.
The man who buried the flowers is laughing today, but who did he know when he buried them?
For many blessings, the fallen petal has completely become the object of talk, with four words "Nong" and two words "two". In repeated inquiries, the poet made a terrible guess about the future fate. She thought of her own life experience and the sadness when life disappeared, and lamented that people are not as good as flowers: fallen flowers still have to return to the pure land, but people may fall into the quagmire of fate. At this point, she was heartbroken and couldn't help lamenting that the whole poem ended with a cry. Looking at the whole poem, we can find that it is several sad questions that make Burying Flowers the most touching chapter in Lin Daiyu's self-lyric.
"Three quatrains of Tipo" runs through "tears", and Daiyu will die of tears for Baoyu all her life. "Eyes are empty, tears are empty, but who are you abandoning?" Ask directly. The word "who" directly points her deep affection to Baoyu, and her feelings are extremely unrestrained. At the same time, the word "who" also contains endless questions, asking whether the sweetheart can understand her friendship at this moment, or asking the whole world: will her heart be empty? This question describes Daiyu's mixed feelings at this time, adding a touch of sadness to her love. In Autumn Window Storm, "Who has no wind in autumn courtyard and no rain in autumn window?" In the eyes of sensitive poets, autumn has broken her heart, and the lewd autumn rain has aggravated the desolation in her heart, because she lost her family since she was a child and had no relatives to accompany her on this tragic night. For many years, poets have spent sleepless nights after sleepless nights, chewing deep loneliness alone. "Who has no wind in the autumn courtyard and no rain in the autumn window?" In these two sentences, the poet pulled her thoughts out of the life world, looking for a small courtyard with warm autumn windows without wind and rain, and finding a pure land for her tired mind to rest temporarily. However, her dream was soon dashed. The world is full of wind and rain, and every autumn yard is full of wind and rain. Where can I find warmth? These two poems describe Daiyu's desolation and loneliness on a stormy night, which makes the whole poem have a distinct personal color. As a subjectivist poet, Lin Daiyu's poems about objects with limited theme and rhyme also clearly show strong personal color. Whether it's chanting chrysanthemums or Bai Haitang, other people's poems show their own temperament, but they are plain and delicate, lacking individuality. For example, Baochai's poems are subtle and profound, but they are not artificial. Only Lin Daiyu's poems are unique and have strong self-expression. In her poems, flowers are people, and people and flowers are one. When reading them, it is not clear whether she is reading flowers or writing about herself.
Because of this, these poems penetrated the back of the paper and deeply touched the feelings of readers. Among them, the most memorable ones are those questions:
Who do you complain to in silence? -"Ode to Bai Haitang"
Who can explain Su Qiu's heart? -"Nianju"
Who is hiding when you are alone? -"Ask Chrysanthemum"
Sigh this life, who can't give up? -"catkin words"
People not only imitate flowers and describe their modality, but more importantly, they endow flowers with life and spirituality, describe people with flowers, express their temperament and style in narration and description, entrust their long-lasting feelings and personality spirit to swim with things, and perfectly combine flowers with people. It is through these questions that Daiyu described her seemingly weak life as a flower in a cold world, showing her personality tenaciously and showing her boldness and courage that others can't match. It can be seen that the strong questioning consciousness in Lin Daiyu's poems is not only a matter of artistic style, but also a manifestation of her strong concern for her own life value, whether it is directly expressing her mind or expressing her ambition with things. In the feudal society of China, it is natural for poets to praise natural landscapes, but if they indulge themselves, they will often be regarded as a big violation. The problem in Daiyu's poems is not only to express nature, but also to boldly express herself and announce the existence of such a sad life to the world.
two
The life consciousness of Lin Daiyu's poems is embodied in her questioning. Looking at these problems themselves, we can find three aspects. The first is to explore your own life value. Some scholars pointed out: "Lin Daiyu cherishes her life more than any daughter in the Grand View Garden." [3] The more you cherish, the more you worry about the disillusionment of life. In Song of Burying Flowers, Daiyu thinks of the demise of her life because of falling flowers, and she can't help asking:
Who pities Hong Xiang?
Who do you know in the boudoir next year?
I wonder when Nong will die.
A sentence of self-pity and self-pity contains deep worries about the future fate. It comes from the helpless and lonely life situation for many years, and it also comes from the worry about the fate of love. Under the influence of these two factors, Daiyu's concern cannot but mention death. When Lin Daiyu buried flowers, there was a jubilant scene in the Grand View Garden: the garden was embroidered with ribbons and flowers were in full bloom, and all the women dressed up as "peaches and apricots are ashamed, and the birds are jealous", laughing in pairs and enjoying the joy of youth life. Baochai pats butterflies and watches the crane dance in the spring. Everyone is intoxicated with the joy of life, but only she has a premonition of the sadness of death. No matter how gorgeous and beautiful a life is, it will inevitably end in death. Daiyu is clever and witty, sensitive to the sadness of life, often facing impermanence, chewing the sadness and helplessness of life itself. Her worries are directed at the noumenon of life, reaching the height of philosophical thinking. Hamlet in Shakespeare's works is also puzzled by the question of life and death, and sends out an eternal famous sentence: "to be or not to be?" This is a problem. "Compared with Hamlet, Daiyu's problem is more painful. In her view, life and death have become an issue that cannot be chosen. Death is the inevitable result of life, and its power is stronger than survival. Therefore, her grief is much deeper than Hamlet's. As an individual living in nature and society, people will be deprived of the right to life, and the development and demand of personality will be limited. Therefore, people always feel that youth is fleeting, life is short, needs are not met, and fate cannot be grasped. This kind of pain caused by the double contradiction between nature and human beings, society and individuals is a long-standing pain in human history. " It connects the initial era of mankind and the future of mankind, so it has a deep sense of history. [4] Daiyu's pain is grief in this sense. Secondly, it is the confusion that bosom friends are hard to find. Lin Daiyu's poems have a strong intention to talk, and she repeatedly pursues the object of talking. Although Jia Baoyu is her emotional sustenance, it seems that her confidants in this world still can't meet her needs. Because of her own personality and external environment, she can't confide in Jia Baoyu, so she can only search hard in her own poems and entrust her thoughts to them.