The beauty of mountains and rivers has existed since ancient times. The mountain peaks soar into the sky and the streams are crystal clear. The stone walls on both sides are colorful and set each other off. Green Woods, green bamboo clusters, four. The fog will rest at dawn, and apes and birds will sing wildly. Night is coming and the scales are sinking. This is really a fairyland on earth. Lingyun in Kasper? in the Southern Dynasties, so far no one can appreciate its wonders.
Translation:
The beauty of mountains and rivers has been admired by people since ancient times. Towering peaks soar into the sky, clear streams are crystal clear, and colorful stone walls on both sides complement each other. Lush Woods, green bamboo forests and evergreen seasons. When the night fog was about to dissipate in the morning, there were songs of apes and birds. At sunset in the evening, the fish swimming in the water scrambled to jump out of the water. This is really a fairyland on earth! In Lingyun, Kasper? in the Southern Dynasties, no one has been able to enjoy this wonderful scenery.
Translation:
Translation 1:
The beauty of mountains and rivers has been admired by literati since ancient times.
Towering peaks soar into the clouds, and clear streams are crystal clear.
The stone walls on both sides of the strait are colorful and complement each other.
Lush trees and green bamboo last for four seasons.
When the morning mist was about to dissipate, there were songs of apes and birds. When the sun is about to set, the fish swimming in the water are scrambling to jump out of the water.
This is really a fairyland on earth.
No one can enjoy the wonderful scenery of Lingyun in Kasper? during the Southern Dynasties.
Translation 2:
The towering peaks soar into the sky, and the clear spring water is clear and clean.
On the stone walls on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, the colors complement each other.
You can see green jungles and green bamboos all year round.
When the morning mist is about to dissipate, the cries of apes and birds are intertwined; When the sun is about to set, the fish in the diving water are jumping.
This is really a fairyland on earth.
Kasper? Lingyun, no one can appreciate this wonderful landscape.
[Edit this paragraph] Notes after class:
1. This article is selected from "All Ancient Three Generations, Three Kingdoms of Qin and Han Dynasties, Six Dynasties and All Liang Wen". Xie Zhongshu, Zheng Xie, was born in Chenjun, Yang Xia (now Taikang, Henan). He used to be a scholar in Zhongshu (in charge of confidential documents of the imperial court). Tao Hongjing, whose word is bright, lives in seclusion in Huayang and Liling, Danyang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). There is Tao Hermit Collection.
2. Five colors intersect: Here, the stone wall is described as colorful. Five colors, in ancient times, cyan, yellow, black, white and red were positive colors. Go hand in hand and complement each other.
3. Four seasons: Four seasons.
4. rest: dissipation.
The sun is setting: the sun is about to set. Fall down.
6. Paddling and jumping: Fish diving into the water compete to jump out of the water. Fish swimming in water with heavy scales.
7. Fairy tale capital of desire: paradise on earth. Desire world, Buddhism divides the world into desire world, * * *, without * * *. Desire is the realm of all beings who have not got rid of secular desires, that is, the world. Xiandu, a beautiful world where immortals live.
8. Recreation: Xie Lingyun, a tour guide, a famous landscape poet, inherited his grandfather's title and was named Duke of Recreation. He was a writer at the time of Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties.
9. and (y): participation, here refers to appreciation.
10. Beauty of mountains and rivers: Yes.
1 1. Will: Will.
12. Chaos: one after another.
13. Fact: Indeed.
14. Yes: this one.
15. From: From.
2. Read 6 articles of classical Chinese after the first year of high school. 3. Read the following article and complete 20-22 questions.
(Huzhou) After returning to China, they made great contributions to each other, worshiped Shangqing and went to Lian Po. Lian Po said, "I'm General Zhao, and I've made great achievements in attacking the city, while Lin Xiangru is on top of me. I am so ashamed that I can't bear to do it. "
The declaration said, "If I see each other, I will feel humiliated." I heard about each other and refused to attend the meeting.
Like every dynasty, he often claimed to be ill and didn't want to compete with Lian Po. I always like to go out and see Lian Po, and I like to lead cars to hide.
So Mr. Scheeren said to the admonition officer, "I went to my relatives' house to serve you, and I admire your noble righteousness." Today, you and Lian Po are in the same column. Even the monarch speaks ill of you, but you are afraid to hide it. Fear is great, and mediocrity is shameful. The situation is similar! I'm waiting for you. Please resign. "
Lin Xiangru stopped him and said, "Who do you think is better, General Lian or the King of Qin?" Say, "If not." Xiang Ru said, "My husband, with the power of the king of Qin, is like a court official, who is responsible for it and humiliated the minister. Is it like being afraid of General Lian? Gu Wu saw that Qiang Qin did not dare to send more soldiers to Zhao Zhe because we are all here.
Nowadays, the two tigers are at odds. Therefore, for this reason, I take national emergency first, and then take personal grievances. "
Lian Po was humbled by this. Apologize because the guest went to Lin Xiangru Gate? . He said, "I didn't know the general was such a generous and despicable person."
A pawn is happy and an awkward friend. Excerpted from Historical Records 20. The following explanation of some words is incorrect: () 2 points: Lin Xiangru acted with anger: I was fickle, so I went to my relatives to work for you: I left the public view of C, and I was a general Lian or the king of Qin: those who knew D were contemptible, but I didn't know that the general was so lenient: I had little knowledge.
I did this in order to put the national emergency first, and then take personal revenge. 22. Who do you admire, Lin Xiangru and Lian Po? Combine this passage and talk about your views and reasons.
3 points Reference answer: 20. C 2 1。 I did this because I put national emergencies first and personal grievances behind me. Appreciate Lin Xiangru, put national interests first, regardless of personal grievances.
I still admire Lian Po for correcting his mistakes. (14) Li Sheng's original essay on Wang Sheng, a good scholar, is eager to learn, but not to study law.
His friend Li Sheng asked him, "Do you think you are not good at studying?" Wang Sheng said nothing but, "I know what the teacher said, but I can learn. Not good? " Li Sheng said: "Confucius said,' Learning without thinking is useless', and learning with thinking is dangerous. If you make up your mind but don't think about it, you will accomplish nothing in the end. What makes you call it good learning? " Wang is worried, but he shouldn't leave. After living for five days, Li Sheng went to see Wang Sheng and told him, "A good scholar is not shy about asking questions. What evil should a good man have? The taboo of scholars is not self-loathing, but to change it. Otherwise, although I want to change my motivation, I'm afraid I can't! " Wang Sheng was surprised and said, "I'm not sensitive. I didn't know how good your words were until today.
Please sit on the right as a warning. Wang Sheng likes studying, but he can't.
His friend Li Sheng asked him, "Is it true that some people say that you are not good at learning?" Wang Sheng said unhappily, "I can remember everything the teacher said. Isn't that very good at learning? " Li Sheng advised him: "Confucius said,' If you don't think, you will be confused'. Learning means being good at thinking. You just remember what the teacher said, but don't think about it. In the end, nothing will be achieved. What makes you good at learning? " Wang Sheng more angry. He ignored Li Sheng and turned to run. Five days later, Li Sheng went to see Wang Sheng and told him, "People who are good at learning should not be ashamed to ask for advice from people below themselves. They choose the best person, follow him and hope to hear the truth! I haven't finished yet, and you have changed your face, almost refusing people thousands of miles away. What is the attitude a good learner should have? The biggest taboo for learners is not to exceed their own satisfaction. Why not correct it? If you don't correct it, you will delay the years when you get old. Even if you want to mend, I'm afraid it's too late! " After listening to his words, Wang Sheng was shocked, woke up, apologized and said, "I'm really not smart. I didn't know you were right until today.
I take your words as my motto to show my obvious vigilance. "Reading training 1. Add some ellipsis to the following sentences and explain them.
I know the meaning of "Wu"; 2 say the meaning of "Wu"; ③ The meaning of "nothing" should not return; ④ The meaning of "Wu" is different from the usage of "Wu" in Hequ Zhisuo Answer to Death; () A. Wang Sheng didn't say B. He changed; C. I understand the meaning of "Wu". 4. Choose the one with the same meaning as "old" in the sentence "Li Sheng seeks Wang Sheng because of his old age" () A. Ask him about his old age; B. tell him that he wants to die because he is old; C. said it was because he was old; 5. What does Li Sheng think is a "good scholar"? Answer: (14) 1. ①zhì； ; With "knowledge" ② Shu √; Advise 3 xuá n; Follow the "spin" and turn around. 4 4④cutuó Time passes. 2.D.3 People who are good at learning are not ashamed to ask people with lower status, choose the best person, follow him, and hope to hear the truth! 4.c5. Key points: ① Learn to be good at thinking; 2 don't be ashamed to ask questions; Choose good and follow it; (23) Zhuge Liang's original gentleman's journey is quiet and self-cultivation, frugal and self-cultivation, not indifferent to ambition, not quiet and not far away.
If you study quietly, you must study. If you don't study, you won't learn widely. If you have no ambition, you can't succeed. Dull sex can't make you energetic, and reckless sex can't cure you.
Time goes by, meaning goes by, and then becomes withered, not meeting the world, and staying in a poor house sadly. What will happen? A gentleman's morality depends on quietness and frugality. He can't show his great ambition unless he puts aside fame and fortune, and he can't be far-sighted unless he keeps a straight face. Learning must be quiet, so that we can learn from it. Without study, you can't expand your talents. Without ambition, you can't achieve anything in your study.
Excessive enjoyment can't hang up the calendar spirit, and bad temper can't cultivate temperament. As time goes by, the will disappears with time, withers like dead branches and leaves, and makes no contribution to society. How can it be too late to stay in a broken house and lament the past? Reading training 1. Translate the following sentences in modern Chinese.
1 quiet to cultivate one's morality; 2 frugality and self-cultivation; ③ Non-seclusion, ambition and tranquility; 2. What aspects did the author discuss in this paper? How to develop the theory from these aspects?
3. The best ancient prose for writing scenery is Zhu! For example, it describes the scenery of the Three Gorges: because the Three Gorges is 700 miles long and the two sides are connected with mountains, there is no vacancy.
The rocks overlap and cover the sun's sky. It won't stop at midnight.
Although riding the wind (riding a horse and driving a long wind). It's not the disease.
In spring and winter. Then, the green pool is surging, the reflection is clear, and the mountain is offered (the top of the mountain). Duoqibai, hanging spring waterfall, waterfall (stream). It's clear, glorious and interesting.
At the beginning of every sunny day, the frost shines, the forest is cold and Shui Han, and there are often high apes singing. It is a kind of (persistent) sadness, which echoes in the empty valley and turns for a long time.
So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the apes sing three times to touch the clothes." There is also "Water Mirror He Zhushui Mengmen Mountain": the river is wide, the shore is deep, the cliff is guarded, and the boulder is in danger. If you retreat.
Yang Zhi's Ji Yongning Temple in Galand, Luoyang: The golden plate shines brightly in Yun Biao, and the treasure is full of wind, which resounds through the sky; It's a miracle to sing and admire. Bai Juyi's Lushan Caotang: One night is peaceful, and two nights are pleasant. It suddenly dropped after three nights, but I don't know why.
/There is a waterfall in the east of the church, the water is hanging three feet, the steps are falling, and the stone canal is falling. The faint morning light is like practicing color, and the night is like playing the piano. Liu Zongyuan's Eight Stories of Yongzhou: The First Story of Xishan Banquet, Cobalt Pond, Cobalt Pond West Hill, Little Stone Pond, Shiqu, Shijian, Little Rock Mountain, Yuanjia Keji Liu Zongyuan's The First Story of Xishan Banquet: Its competitive potential suddenly changed. It is dazzling blue and looks like the sky outside.
Then I knew it was a unique mountain, unlike Pei * (tulou). Liu Zongyuan's Notes on the West Mountain of Cobalt Tan: There are almost countless people who are amazed by the sudden anger of their stones.
People who are tired of each other are like cows and horses drinking streams; The man who rushes to the corner is like a bear climbing on the mountain. /If you lie on a pillow, it will be very cold. Use your eyes, your ears, your head and your head.
Liu Zongyuan's Little Stone Pond: There are hundreds of fish in the pond, all swimming in the air. The sun is shining, the shadow is on the stone, motionless; When you are far away, communication is sudden, like enjoying tourists.
Wang Anshi's "You Bao Chan": If the husband is close, there will be more tourists; The risk is far away and very little is reached; But the extraordinary view is often that the risks are far away and the people are scarce; Therefore, people without will can't come. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, Wang Tengting Pavilion Preface, Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower, Ouyang Xiu's Drunken Pavilion, Li's Famous Garden in Luoyang, and Chao's Travel Notes in the North Mountain of New Town: In September, invite me, beautiful scenery and stars make me feel at home.
Su Shi's Pre-Red Cliff Fu and Post-Red Cliff Fu, and Li Xiaoguang's Ten Notes on Wild Mountains: The moon is over and white clouds are like water. The wind blew the oak chestnut onto the tiles, turned to the hut under the rock, came out of the collar, hit the leaves on the ground, and turned around, almost without the sound of stones.
Liu Ji's Biography of Qingfeng Pavilion, Zhu Xi's Biography, Yuan Hongdao's Travel Notes of Man Jing, Donglin, Hengshan, Taihuashan, Lanxi and Wulongtan's Travel Notes are all similar. Personally, I think it is better to write landscapes in ancient Chinese than to take notes with water mirrors. Su Shi once said: "Today's pleasure is to read more water classics."
4. People's Education Edition, the new curriculum standard, the key texts of the compulsory Chinese exam for senior one (both classical Chinese and reading), the following texts are the key reading texts 1, Qinyuanchun Changsha * * * The main understanding content: the first one writes the whole word, and the next one recalls the past.
Starting from the sentence "independent cold autumn", it is pointed out that the time and place are in late autumn and the land is in Orange Island in Xiangjiang River. The pen is plain and the tone is soothing. In fact, it is to prepare for the following.
Several sentences with the word "look" are a complete set of long sentences, which are completed in one go, revealing the author's extreme dumping of the beautiful scenery in front of him. Numerous parallelism and antithesis sentences make the description of the scenery layered: the mountains are red, the water is blue, and the colors are in sharp contrast; The trees on the mountain are as gorgeous as sunrise, and the boats in the river are as noisy as galloping horses, and the movements set each other off; Looking up at the eagle flying, overlooking the fish swimming, changing the perspective, showing a colorful, vibrant and moving Xiangjiang Qiu Jingtu.
So the author can't help but express sincere admiration for "all kinds of frost and sky strive for freedom", and all living and inanimate things live and develop freely in this endless universe. What a desirable scene! From Song Yu's "Sadness, Autumn is Qi" ("Nine Arguments"), Sadness for Autumn has become an eternal theme in the works of China ancient poet Mo Ke. Although there are some works praising autumn, such as Liu Yuxi's "The First Smell of Autumn Wind", "Heaven and earth can be destroyed, and the monarch (referring to autumn wind) can rise to the stage after his illness", it is rare in ancient poetry to thank autumn wind for helping him overcome his illness and cheer up his spirit, but its realm and boldness of vision naturally cannot and need not be compared with "all kinds of freedom in frosty days" here.
The author's later autumn ode is "a year of autumn wind is thick, not like spring." "Better than Spring" and "Frost on a Thousand Miles of Rivers" (picking mulberry seeds and Chongyang) all reflect the author's attention and interest in magnificent, distant, free and vigorous natural beauty.
This kind of praise for autumn scenery makes the mood of Ci tend to be high. However, the head of the pole turned into a layer, and suddenly he asked, "I'm disappointed. I ask the vast land, who cares about ups and downs?" The whole word then comes to * * *.
2. Advise Xunzi to understand that the word "Yi" is a wheel, and the rules in happiness ("Yi" is a wheel, and wood is a fire bend) are different (life, sex, qualifications and talents). Although there are some mistakes, those who are no longer upright ("you" are a wheel). Violence is the same as "exposure" and drying. )
There is nothing wrong with knowing and doing. Different meanings in ancient and modern times 1. The ancient meaning of erudition: learn from others and learn from others. Example: A gentleman is knowledgeable and helps himself by taking part in daily activities.
Modern significance: profound knowledge and knowledge. 2. refer to the ancient meaning: test.
Example: A gentleman is knowledgeable and helps himself by taking part in daily activities. Meaning: join.
3. False ancient meaning: relying on, relying on. For example, a fake rider.
Modern significance: as opposed to "truth". 4. Jinguyi: A sword made of metal.
Exodus: If gold is sharp, it will benefit. Meaning: gold, gold.
5. The ancient meaning of Minions: claws and teeth. Example: Earthworms have no advantage over their minions.
Modern significance: henchmen and accomplices of bad guys. 6. The ancient meaning of the heart: because of the heart.
For example, wholeheartedly. Modern meaning: study hard or be willing to think about something.
7. The ancient meaning of death: groundwater, deep groundwater. Example: drink yellow.
Modern meaning: refers to the place where people are buried after death, and superstitious people refer to the underworld. 8. The ancient meaning of rope: ink line.
Exodus: If a tree receives a rope, it will be straight: rope, rope. 9. Use the ancient meaning: because the present meaning: use 10. Kneeling for the ancient meaning: crab legs for the present meaning: kneeling with 1. The wood is straight in the middle of the rope, and you think it is a wheel. A gentleman is knowledgeable and saves himself, but he doesn't take part in Japanese participation (day, night) 5. Rules in curves (curves: shapes such as names, curvatures and radians) 6. Climb upward, and the arm will not lengthen (height: as the name implies, height) 7. People who pretend to ride horses are not good enough (advantages: the use of adjectives makes ... fast, fast) 8. Accumulate goodness into virtue.
Introduction) (3) From blue (from) 2. And: (1) A gentleman is knowledgeable and cares about himself every day (progressive relationship, and) (2) Knowing what he knows but not doing it (progressive relationship) (3) Thinking all day long (superficial modification) (4) Seeing it is far away (superficial turning point) (5) Taking it from blue and turning it to blue (conjunction, indicating turning point) It refers to people ...) (2) Stop standing up (the reason ...) 4. Yan: (1) Wind and rain (also sharpening) (2) Bad for feet (the use of adjectives makes ... fast and walk fast) 6. (1) Not as good as what you learned in an instant (2) Youth is blue, and youth is blue (nonsense) 3. The main way to get education is to analyze the text: this is an excerpt from Hesse's storytelling. The article thinks that reading is the main way to get education, praises the role of reading, and persuades people to study classic works carefully, discover the world in books, know the society and improve their self-cultivation.
Structural arrangement 1 paragraph, Jane said what is "true repair". The author defines it as "for self-improvement" and "seeking the meaning of life", and points out that this is a hard process, cultivation has no utilitarian purpose, and reading is a lifelong task.
The next page. The second to fifth paragraphs discuss the function of reading famous books.
The author thinks that one of the most important ways to get education is to "study world literature", and emphasizes once again that reading is for self-improvement, for a full, noble and meaningful life, rather than "recreation" or "false comfort". In paragraphs 6 and 7, the necessity of receiving education by reading classic works is further expounded.
Taking the different development trends of children's reading as an example, the author vividly introduces two different levels of reading. One is "most people who lack talent", who regard reading as a natural and insignificant thing and only read vulgar words.
One is "letters and words"
5. Reading Skills of Modern Chinese, Classical Chinese and Poetry in Senior High School The first mode: Analysis of artistic conception questioning mode: What artistic conception questioning variant did this poem create? What kind of picture does this poem depict, and how does the poet express his thoughts and feelings? Analysis: This is the most common question type. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm composed of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings.
Including scenery, emotion and environment. These three aspects are indispensable when answering questions. Describe the pictures shown in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own language. (that is, explain the meaning of the poem in your own language and pay attention to the vividness and beauty of the language. ) Be faithful to the original poem when describing, and recreate it with your own association and imagination. Language should be beautiful. Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely, quiet and beautiful, vigorous and magnificent, bleak and so on.
Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to just answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings" and why "sentimental".
The second mode: questioning method with analytical skills: What kind of expression is used in this poem? Please analyze the expression (or artistic technique or skill) of this poem. How does the poet express his feelings? What's the effect? Solution analysis: expression is a means used by poets to express their feelings. To answer questions accurately, you must be familiar with some common expression skills. Expression techniques can be divided into three categories: lyric techniques, descriptive techniques and rhetorical techniques. There are two kinds of lyric techniques: direct expression and indirect lyric. "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those who have high status and high positions? They will never be seen with a sincere face. " It means direct expression.
Indirect lyricism can be divided into borrowing scenery to express feelings, such as "chilling and wailing, the pavilion is late, and the shower begins"; Expressing one's will by holding objects, such as Mo Mei and Yin, are generally poems about objects; Generally, it is a philosophical poem, such as "half an acre of square pond is open, and the sky is high and the clouds are light." Ask the canal to be so clear that there is living water at the source. " Description methods mainly include 1), which can be divided into positive contrast and negative contrast. Positive contrast is like "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun". Negative contrast is also dynamic and static. The sound is silent, such as "the sunrise surprises the birds, and the spring flows when it sounds"; Use happy scenes to set off sadness, such as "spring grass dyeing the steps, birds singing and flowers smelling" and so on. (2) Lenovo and imagination, also known as the combination of reality and reality, such as "wild flowers stay rare, green grass sees the skirt." (3) comparison. (4) Essays, such as "If you plant a millet in spring, you will reap 10,000 seeds in autumn. There is no idle field in the field, and farmers starve to death. " Gentlemen like it. " Let's talk about what else has aroused admiration. 2 metaphor. (3) personification. (4) exaggeration. ⑤ Pun. For example, "sunrise in the east, sunset in the west, sunny but not sunny", "sunny" implies emotional "love" (6) allusions. For example, Shang. .