Chinese poetry has a long history. With rich content, diverse forms and high artistic achievements, it is a dazzling pearl in the treasure house of Chinese characters.
The Book of Songs is my country's first collection of poetry. It was produced in 544 BC and is the glorious starting point of Chinese literature.
"Songs of Chu" is the work of Qu Yuan, the first great poet in the history of Chinese literature. He used the form of folk songs to create a new literary genre - "Sao style". It broke the mainly four-character format of the "Book of Songs" and replaced it with six-character style, with a freer form. Therefore, the poet is also called a "poker".
In "Yuefu Poems", Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up an institution in charge of music, Yuefu, to formulate music scores and collect folk songs.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, in addition to Yuefu folk songs, five-character poetry emerged and further developed in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Representative poets include Cao Cao and his son, Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, etc.
Poetry reached the Tang Dynasty and became the golden age of ancient literature. "Full Tang Poetry" contains nearly 50,000 poems written by more than 2,300 poets.
The development of "Tang Poems" is divided into three stages: the early Tang Dynasty, the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty.
Early Tang Dynasty: Most of them were poems written to praise virtues (in response to imperial examinations), so the poetry world was beautiful but empty in content. Wang Luo and Lu Yang were known as the Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty.
The prosperous Tang Dynasty: that is, the Kaiyuan and Tianbao eras, when the development of poetry reached its peak. Formed the golden age of classical poetry. The famous poets include Li Bai, Du Fu, Meng Haoran, Wang Wei, etc. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the New Yuefu Movement, headed by Bai Juyi, advocated that poetry should be "composed for a matter." Singing the sufferings of the people has formed a new trend. In addition to Bai Juyi, famous poets include Liu Yuxi, Li He, Du Mu, Li Shangyin, Meng Jiao and Jia Dao.
Late Tang Dynasty: Due to years of war and economic recession, poetry declined accordingly.
"Song Ci" In the late Tang Dynasty, with the decline of Tang poetry, Ci gradually emerged and reached its peak in the Song Dynasty.
Early Song Dynasty: Ci poems followed the beauty trend of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Liu Yong began to get rid of the beauty trend, and Su Shi began to enrich the content.
Song Ci: divided into two schools, inheriting the tradition of realism. Representative figures of the graceful school include Yan Shu, Ouyang Xiu and Yan Jidao. Representatives of the bold faction include Su Shi and Xin Qiji. Important authors of Song Ci include Wang Anshi, Zhang You, Fan Dacheng, Yang Wanli, Li Qingzhao, etc.
Yuan Dynasty: Poetry was in a slump, with no outstanding works or outstanding writers.
Ming Dynasty: It was a prosperous period for the development of folk poetry.
Qing Dynasty: Poetry experienced a new prosperity. Representative figures include: Qian Qianyi, Gu Yanwu, Chen Weisong, Zhu Xi (Kangxi period). Representatives of Yongzheng and Qianlong's heyday include Shen Deqian and Yuan Wenwen. Those who made outstanding achievements in poetry in the late Qing Dynasty were Gong Zizhen, Shu Wei, Xiang Hongzuo, etc.
Characteristics of ancient poetry:
The Book of Songs: mostly four-character poems. Each poem has a different number of verses. Some have four lines to one, six lines to one, and some have eight lines to one.
Chu Ci: Basically a six-character poem.
Wei, Han and Six Dynasties: mainly five character poems. There are also four-, six-, and seven-character ones. The ancient poems of the Wei, Han and Six Dynasties generally rhymed with every other sentence, that is, even sentences rhymed. It can be rhymed with plain rhymes or oblique rhymes. Modern poetry of the Tang Dynasty: there are five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains, each with four lines; there are five-character verses and seven-character verses, each with eight lines. Quatrains usually have flat rhymes at the end of the second and fourth sentences. Rhymed poetry generally starts with rhyme in the first line, and rhymes at the end of the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth lines, with flat rhymes used to rhyme to the end. The first lines of quatrains and verses may or may not rhyme. < /p>
Today’s four tones: Yinping, Yangping, up, and down.
(2) Rhythm
The sound of each Chinese character is composed of initial consonants and finals, with the initial consonants in front and the finals in the back; "rhyme" is the finals of each letter; the finals are the same The words are called "words with the same rhyme".
(3) Confrontation
Couples usually seen in quatrains and lawyers.
For example: Du Fu's poem
Two orioles sing in the green willows,
A row of egrets ascends to the blue sky,
The window contains the ever-changing snow of Xiling Mountain ,
The ship is docked at Wudong Wanli.
Generally, the third, fourth, fifth and sixth lines of regular verse must be dual to each other. In the first line of rhythmic poetry in the oblique rising and ending style, in addition to the three, four, and five and six lines that are complementary to each other, the first, second, and seventh and eighth lines are also complementary to each other.