Tao Yuanming's Poems on Outlook on Life 1. Talking about his life ideal from Tao Yuanming's poems is urgent
1. Tao Yuanming's life background and artistic features of his poems (1) Life background: Tao Yuanming (356-427 AD), also known as Tao Qian and Ziting, was an idyllic poet in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty.
According to historical records, Dongliu Town in dongzhi county belonged to Xunyang Chaisang (now belonging to Jiujiang pengze county) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming worked as a county magistrate in Pengze and often went to Dongliu to plant chrysanthemums. Leave a long story, and future generations will admire Mr. Wang and build a shrine to worship him.
Tao Yuanming, who came from a family of bureaucrats for generations, was once expected to make progress in his official career and make a difference in politics. But at the same time, the literati in the Eastern Jin Dynasty generally admired seclusion and pursued spiritual freedom, which also left a profound influence on him.
He embarked on the road of life with two contradictory wishes. At the beginning, the former desire dominated.
But it was a turbulent time: the internal struggle of imperial clan and the warlord's ambition for political power constantly caused bloody killings and even fierce fighting. This kind of social unrest not only brings disaster to the people, but also causes serious anxiety in the upper class of society.
This made Tao Yuanming's political ambition have to be reduced. In addition, in this power struggle, all the dirty and bloody plots are all under the guise of lofty morality, which makes Tao Yuanming, who is really pure in nature, unbearable.
In the end, the long-cherished wish of "loving Qiushan" overwhelmed the ambition of "escaping from the four seas". He began to be in the official career and his heart was in the countryside.
So, his seclusion was actually the result of his own thoughts being incompatible with the reality at that time. (2) Artistic features of poetry: Tao Yuanming has made great achievements in many aspects, such as poetry, prose and ci-fu, but it is poetry that has the greatest influence on future generations.
in poetry, the most representative is pastoral poetry. The artistic charm of this kind of pastoral poetry lies not so much in its true portrayal of rural life as in its sustenance of Tao Yuanming's ideal of life.
The pastoral is highly purified and beautified by the means of poetry construction, and it has become a spiritual refuge in the painful world. 1. The unity of plainness and mellow beauty: It is good for predecessors to summarize the style of Tao poetry with plainness.
It is difficult for us to find strange images, exaggerated techniques, flowery words and even adjectives in Tao poems. Everything is honest and plain.
however, if it is just plain, it will not produce strong artistic charm. The advantage of Tao poetry is that under the plain appearance, it contains fiery thoughts and feelings and rich life breath.
this is just like Tao Yuanming. Therefore, it is meaningful to read, and the more you read it, the more beautiful it becomes.
Try to read a section in the poem "Encouraging Agriculture": It's a cry for joy, and it's a cry for joy. The flowers and trees are prosperous, and the wind is clear.
there are many scholars and women, competing with the times. Mulberry women are happy at night, and farmers stay in the wild.
A peaceful agricultural map is presented here, which is actually the result of beautifying the closed and self-sufficient characteristics of rural areas in China. The first poem of "Returning to the Garden" enjoys a long-standing reputation, and it also has similar characteristics: it is not suitable for vulgar rhyme, and it loves Qiushan in nature.
fall into the dust net by mistake for thirty years. The cage bird is often attached to the past forest, the fish in the pool yearning for the past abyss.
open up wasteland in the south and return to the garden. Around the house is about ten acres of land, and the thatched cottage of the thatched cottage.
the back eaves of Liu Yin elm, in front of Taoli Luotang. The nearby village of the nearby village faintly visible, the village drift Ni smoke.
in the deep lane where dogs bark, chickens crow and mulberry trees jump. There is no dust clutter in the courtyard, some in the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
after being in a cage for a long time, it's back to nature. This poem was written about the year after Peng Zeling was dismissed from his post and returned to the field, expressing the pleasure of returning to rural life.
In the middle section of scenery description, the following four sentences of "Fang Zhai" outline the simplicity and beauty of one's residence with simple pen and ink; "It's warm in the distant village, and smoke in the yiyi market", and the line of sight turns to the distance, which makes the whole picture show a leisurely, empty, quiet and peaceful charm. The author takes this as the opposite of the dirty and noisy officialdom-the so-called "cage"-to express his social ideal and life concept.
the "nature" that ends with "returning to nature" refers to both the natural environment and the natural life. As a part of natural life, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also wrote about agricultural labor; During his retirement, he also took part in farming.
what is the significance of his manual labor in his economic life? About is very limited, even, perhaps is dispensable. The practical significance of this kind of agricultural work lies in that it embodies a belief of Tao Yuanming.
"Geng Xu's early rice harvest in Xitian in mid-September" begins with: "Life belongs to the right path, and food and clothing are solid. I don't want to camp, but I want to be safe! " Self-cultivation and self-feeding are ideal social and personal lifestyles.
Although the poet couldn't actually do this, he tried, which is remarkable. At the same time, he said, "Isn't Tian Jia suffering? It's hard to resign.
four bodies are sincere and tired, and ordinary people are no different from dry. Wash under the eaves, and fight for wine. "
Here, I wrote about the hardship of manual labor and the psychological peace and happiness it brought. Among the poems of the same kind, the most beautiful artistic conception is "Returning to the Garden" (3): Planting beans at the foot of the south mountain, the grass is full of beans and seedlings are sparse.
in the morning, you should make good use of waste and filth, and bring home the lotus with you. The narrow path covered with vegetation, and the night dew moistened my clothes.
clothes are not enough to cherish, but you can keep your wish. The last two sentences once again show that Tao Yuanming's writing about rural life and physical labor is actually singing his own ideals, showing the joy of realizing them.
The above mainly analyzes the social ideal reflected in Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, as well as his thoughts on personal life style in society. In addition, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also involve the question that literature has focused on since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty: What is the meaning and value of life? How can life be freed? In this regard, we first see that Tao Yuanming is more anxious about the fact that life is short than anyone in his contemporaries.
There are only over a hundred of his poems, but there are dozens of references to "old" and "dead". But in philosophy, he has an open-minded explanation, which is most clearly expressed in the group poem "Form, Shadow and Spirit".
The poet borrows the dialogue style of Ci and Fu, which makes Xing put forward the attitude of drinking and having fun and forgetting everything (this is close to Nineteen Ancient Poems), and makes Ying emphasize that he should pursue achievements and establish a name behind him (this is close to Jian 'an literature). In fact, both of them are hard for Tao Yuanming to give up, but as the final philosophical conclusion, he denied both of them in the third book "Interpretation of God", thinking that daily drunkenness hurts life, and it is only an external pursuit and meaningless. It should be: "I don't like it or fear it when the waves are getting bigger."
Do what you need, and don't worry about it. " That is, naturalized in nature, without intention.
2. A paper on Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry and outlook on life
Therefore, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry is not only a matter of expanding the subject area of poetry, nor is it a matter of putting down the shelf of a literate person to associate with the village folk. It reflects the characteristics of a literate person-a real farmer will not regard facing the loess with his back to the sky as a kind of enjoyment. The countryside in Tao Yuanming's eyes is no longer the life circle of Confucius' disciples, knight errant swordsman, elegant family, farmer and wild old man in the eyes of Qing Tan Yake. In his eyes, the countryside has been a beautiful rural area that has filtered out the desolation and ruin caused by war, the hardships of plowing and hoeing, the poverty of simple food and plain clothes, and the shabby clothes of cloth and brown clothes.
open up wasteland in the south and return to the garden. Around the house is about ten acres of land, and the thatched cottage of the thatched cottage.
the back eaves of Liu Yin elm, in front of Taoli Luotang. The nearby village of the nearby village faintly visible, the village drift Ni smoke.
in the deep lane where dogs bark, chickens crow and mulberry trees jump. There is no dust clutter in the courtyard, some in the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
what a beautiful sight! Pastoral life becomes a simple and practical poetic life. Only this kind of psychological construction can make him resolutely walk out of the physical comfort and mental suffocation of an official ("being in a cage for a long time" and "taking the heart as a form of service") and devote himself to the hard work and hardships of the countryside ("planting beans at the foot of the south mountain, the grass is full of beans and seedlings are rare). In the morning, I will manage the waste and bring the moon lotus home. " ) and the spirit is happy ("get back to nature", of course, the nature here is already natural in the aesthetic sense, as mentioned in the article).
Third, the significance of literature to Tao Yuanming
Tao Yuanming lives in reading and writing. Literature is of great significance to Tao Yuanming's life. Since Tao Yuanming, literary aesthetics, as a way of individual spiritual peace and detachment, has had a profound impact on later generations of literati. In the biography of Mr. Wuliu, "be quiet and talk less, and don't admire Rong Li." Good at reading, not asking for a solution, and forgetting to eat every time you know something. ..... I often amuse myself by writing articles, which shows my ambition. Forget the gains and losses, and die by it. ..... the sentence of "I write poems in earnest to enjoy my ambition" appropriately and subtly reflects the characteristics of the era of literary consciousness, and also touches the literary heartstrings of later scholars.
Tao Yuanming didn't want to suffer the hardships of the cage, so he went to the official position and retired to the countryside. If the pursuit of purity, simplicity, truth-seeking, self-seeking, and integration into nature and countryside are enough to meet the spiritual needs, then the education of children will be much simpler, and they can be led by the most natural and primitive way of life. However, Tao Yuanming is not so detached, and the education of his children is bothering him. Look at the poem "Responsibility": "White hair is surrounded by temples, and the skin is no longer solid. There are five men at the age of 18, and they are always bad at writing and writing. Shu is twenty-eight and lazy, so he has no horse. A Xuan xing zhi Xue, but not Wen Shu. Yong Duan is thirteen years old and doesn't know six or seven. Tongzi blows nine years old, but finds pears and chestnuts. If the sky is so lucky, it will be in the cup. "
Because its simplicity and simplicity are not the rejection of knowledge in the way of Laozi and Zhuangzi, his "true meaning" and "modesty" have been aesthetically processed. Therefore, a literary and literal life is Tao Yuanming's chicken soup for the soul. From this, it is not difficult for us to understand why Tao Yuanming is so annoyed that his son doesn't like reading. Because reading and writing has become a way of life in Tao Yuanming. He doesn't want his children to be really "stupid". Of course, he also wants his children to understand aesthetics.
Tao Yuanming's aesthetic attitude towards life has a far-reaching impact on later generations. Great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi can find the shadow of Tao Yuanming, while Su Shi is an admirer of Tao Yuanming and a typical example of living with an aesthetic attitude. Su Shi even regarded himself as an aesthetic object, and the unfortunate experience of being constantly relegated has become a rich literary material in his works, and he is willing to take it as a topic. We understand Tao Yuanming's life from the aesthetic point of view, thus deepening our understanding of the aesthetic function of literature, which is more convenient for aesthetic education and literature education for middle school students.
3. Poems reflecting Tao Yuanming's personality and integrity
1. It is said that Tao Yuanming was the greatest recluse pastoral poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
China ancient writers can show their individuality in their works, and Qu Yuan will be regarded as Tao Qian in the future. Prince Liang and Prince Zhaoming especially appreciated his works, and once made a biography for him. The preface said: "His articles are unconventional, brilliant in rhetoric, full of ups and downs, unique in all kinds, cheerful and restrained, and he is not ashamed of his hard work. He has gone straight to Beijing, and he can talk about current affairs, but he is broad and true in his arms.
"I have always appreciated Yuan Ming's hard work and brilliant words, so I like to study his works and styles, especially his poems. Even Su Shi admired him deeply. He said," Yuan Ming wrote few poems, but his poems are qualitative and realistic, but they are full of success. Since Cao (Zhi), Liu (Zhen), Bao (Zhao), Xie (Ling Yun), Li (Bai) and Du (Fu), they are all beyond reach.
"The number of poetic writers should start from" Seven Scholars in Jian 'an ",but after reading their poems, we can only see" Seven Scholars' poetic style ",and it is difficult to see which one's poetic style. I think Ruan Ji and Tao Yuanming were the only poets before the Tang Dynasty who could really find the author's personality in their works, and Tao's poems were especially crisp and vivid, and their meaning was really ancient. Therefore, among the 13 authors selected by Zhao Mingming, I chose Tao Yuanming to discuss them.
Second, a brief biography of Tao Yuanming, whose character is bright, changed his name to Qian in Song Dynasty. He was born in Zisang, Xunyang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and was known as Mr. Jingjie in the world from 365 to 427. He is the great-grandson of Tao Kan, a famous Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Tao Kan served as the governor of eight states, made Changsha the county magistrate, and posthumously presented Fu after his death. Grandfather Mao was a satrap in Wuchang, and his father was a satrap in Zicheng. Both of them were indifferent to fame and fortune, and led a totally clean life.
His mother is the fourth daughter of Mr. Meng Jia, the commander-in-chief of Huan Wen, the general of the Western Expedition. Jia was a famous Confucian at that time, with excellent articles and broad mind.
This family environment has a great influence on Tao Qian's life. Yuan Ming's life can be divided into three periods: youth, official travel and seclusion, which are described as follows: Youth: from Renshen in the second year of Xian 'an, Jian Wendi, Jin Dynasty to Bingshen in the twenty-first year of Taiyuan, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty (from birth to the age of twenty-five), Xiao Tongyuan famously said that he was "rarely interested, learned and good at literature, brilliant and outstanding, and Ren Zhen was complacent."
"We can get a glimpse of his experience and character from his poems. ? Quiet and quiet, don't admire Rongli (biography of Mr. Wuliu)? Natural in nature, not obtained by correction (returning words)? Less and poor, every family is bad, and things are wandering (sparse with Ziyan and so on)? Good at reading, not seeking very understanding (biography of Mr. Wuliu)? Liang Qichao said that he was a very enthusiastic and heroic person.
Miscellaneous poem: "When I was young, I was happy without joy. I am eager to escape from all over the world, and I am in Philip Burkart.
"< 2 > official tour period: from Bingshen in the 21st year of Taiyuan in Jin Dynasty to Yisi in the 1st year of Yixi in Eastern Jin Dynasty (from the age of twenty-five to thirty-four), he said in his miscellaneous poems:" Ten years have passed, and I have been temporarily detained by people. During this decade, Yuan Ming served four times, the first three times as an aide, and the last time as a county magistrate.
Jiangzhou Wine Festival: Prince Zhaoming had a profound legend that he: "When he was poor in his hometown, he started to offer wine for the state, so he couldn't afford to be an official. He left his job soon and lived in seclusion for four or five years. The state government once asked him to be the main bookkeeper, but he refused to take office, preferring to work in his hometown and devote himself to his own money. The period of joining the army of Zhenjun: Longan was a boxer for four years, and Yuanming joined the army of Zhenjun at the age of twenty-nine.
Drinking poem: "Who made this trip? It seems to be driven by hunger. When Jianwei joined the army: In March, he passed through Qianxi as an ambassador for Jianwei: "One shape is controlled, but it is not easy.
the dream of a garden day has been separated for a long time. "Peng Ze's order period: Yi Xi has been in the first year, and Yuan will be in office in August next year, and he will be exempted from returning in November.
< 3 > Seclusion period: from Yisi in the first year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to Dingmao in the fourth year of Song Yuanjia (from the age of 34 to 56), Yuanming's family suffered from fires, windstorms, floods and insect disasters since he was 46 years old. His health is also gradually weakening, especially in the two or three years after Yuan Jia's two years, which can be said to be the most difficult period of his life.
Poverty has honed his natural quality to perfection, making him fearless and calm about the approaching of death. Knowing that he was dying soon, he wrote three elegy poems and a self-sacrifice as the final confession of farewell to the world.
Tao Yuanming's attitude towards life is calm, carefree, uncontroversial and Ren Zhen. On the surface, his feelings seem faint and calm, but in fact, he is a