2. Six main factors related to poetry: In the poetry environment, there are six main factors related to poetry, namely, the poet, the expression medium of poetry, the description object of poetry, the expression mode of poetry, readers and society, and the literature to which poetry belongs. Therefore, these six aspects can be used as the basic starting point for us to classify poetry, and accordingly, they correspond to such six categories, namely: style poetry, media poetry, theme poetry, performance poetry, value poetry and literary poetry.
3. Style poetry: This is the classification of poetry based on the poet's perspective, and it can be further classified according to different aspects of the poet, such as:
A. From the poet's personality characteristics: (narrow sense) style poetry, so-and-so poetic style, etc. ;
B. according to the poet's ideology: political poems, religious poems, life poems, etc.
C. From the characteristics of the poet's emotional style or aesthetic pursuit: ①. Emotion: lyric poetry, feeling poetry, impression poetry, etc. ; ② Rational aspects: theme poems, ideological poems, philosophical poems, etc. ③ Irrational aspects: absurd poems, metaphysical poems, magic poems, etc.
4. Media poetry: This is based on the classification of poetry by the media, which can be divided into two categories: verbal poetry and nonverbal poetry. Language poetry is what we usually call poetry, while non-language poetry is the expression of the aesthetic essence or spiritual connotation of poetry through other media, such as music poetry, architectural poetry, body poetry (dance) and so on.
As far as language poetry is concerned, it can be divided into two categories:
A. From a broad linguistic point of view: ① Language categories: Chinese poetry, foreign poetry, Braille poetry, etc. (2) Forms of expression: oral poems, written poems, etc. ③ Mode of transmission: auditory poems or sound poems (such as broadcast poems, recorded poems and CD poems), visual poems or reading poems (such as TV poems and printed poems).
B. From the basic content of language: ① Body poems: pattern poems, line poems, step poems, etc. ; 2. Phonetic poetry: metrical poetry, recitation poetry, metrical poetry, etc. 3 meaningful poems: theme poems, philosophical poems, etc.
5. Theme Poetry: This is the classification of poetry according to the theme. Because there are infinite themes, there can be countless kinds of theme poems. Such as industrial poetry, urban poetry, military poetry, love poetry and so on.
6. Expressive poetry: This is the classification of poetry according to the ways and means of expression. Different ways and methods can have different types of poems, such as image poems and symbolic poems.
7. Value Poetry: This is the classification of poetry based on the reading and appreciation of poetry and the role of poetry.
A. From the perspective of reading: ① Understand and don't understand: obscure poems, straightforward poems, obscure poems, etc. ② Moral evaluation: good poems, bad poems, positive poems, negative poems, etc. ③ Readers: children's poems, adult poems, youth poems, popular poems, professional poems, etc.
B. In terms of the value and function of poetry: ① Aesthetic aspects: artistic poetry, pure poetry, etc. ② Education: satirical poems, missionary poems, etc. ③ Entertainment: entertainment poems, humorous poems, limerick poems, etc.
8. Literary Poetry: This is the classification of poetry according to the literature to which it belongs. For example, a. In terms of novels, it can be divided into poetic novels, novel poems and narrative poems. B. from the aspect of prose, it can be divided into prose poems and essay poems. C. from the aspect of drama, it can be divided into poetic drama and dramatic poetry. D. theoretically, it can be divided into poetry and so on.
9. Space-time poetry: This is the classification of poetry from the space-time aspect of its existence, which can be called time poetry and space poetry. These two kinds of poems can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense, in which the broad sense, such as: classical poetry, modern poetry, contemporary poetry, new poetry, old poetry and so on; In a narrow sense, it refers to having certain temporal or spatial characteristics in poetry.
Third, the poetic style.
1. Poetic style: In short, poetic style is the style of poetry. It is a study of poetry based on language. It grasps poetry through the rhythm, rhythm, language potential, vocabulary, syntax, image and structure of poetic language. Therefore, in a sense, the essence of poetic style is about language and structure. In addition, the style of poetry is complicated by the poet, language environment, theme, expression and other reasons.
2. Linguistic features of poetic style;
A. Rhythm: Poetry emphasizes the characteristics of rhythm more than other styles, and the most obvious feature of a mature poetic style is its rhythmic characteristics. In language rhythm, it refers to a comprehensive function of intonation, strength, severity and length, such as rhythm, rhythm and language potential. In addition to the language itself, this rhythm also includes a single or mixed potential rhythm composed of images, emotions, thoughts and other aspects, which is more complicated than the language rhythm.
B. vocabulary: "use the right words in the right place." Swift's definition of style is more suitable for poetic style. On the basis of accurate use of word meaning, poetic style emphasizes the change of word meaning such as emotion, image, imagination and symbol. In addition, if more than 20% of words in a poem are replaced by words with other attributes, the language atmosphere of the poem may be fundamentally changed.
C. Syntax: For poetic style, besides effectively using basic syntactic formats such as declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences, we should pay more attention to the variation of basic syntax. Some distinctive poetic styles are syntactic variations. At the same time, the length of sentences is also an important aspect that affects the style of poetry.
3. The structural features of poetic style:
A. Poetry structure: ① the arrangement of characters; 2. Chapters; ③ Sentence groups and paragraphs; (4), relatively fixed format or mode, etc.
B. Basic means to embody the structure of poetry: ① Intrinsic, such as image, image, metaphor, symbol, etc. ② Externally, such as repetition, duality, parallelism and echo.
4. Basic conditions for the formation of poetic style: Based on the above contents, a meaningful or valuable poetic style should meet the following conditions: a. It has strong adaptability to various classifications, that is, it has multiple categories of * * * *; B. it has a typical form of expression; C. it has typical formal or structural characteristics; D. It conforms to the basic laws of the development of poetic art; E. meet the different needs of most people for poetry; A certain degree of convention.
5. Potential poetic style: In fact, the so-called "poetic style" popular in new poetry rarely meets the above basic conditions, and most of them only meet the above requirements in one or several aspects. Therefore, we can call it a potential poetic style. The latent poetic style can be said to be the embryonic form of poetic style. In addition to the reasons for the development and changes of poetry, most of them are due to conventions, and some are only the names handed down from the previous generation of poetry, and the specific characteristics are very vague.
6. The basic form and variation of poetic style: the basic form is the basic form of poetic style, and the variation is the form in which poetic style changes in form and expression. Every poetic style has a basic format and several variants, such as group poems. We can think that long poems, narrative poems and poetic dramas are all its variants. Although long poems, narrative poems and poetic dramas have their own characteristics, some even have names earlier than group poems, but their basic connotations are like or belong to group poems.
7. Inheritance and innovation of poetic style: any innovation is not innate, but is developed and updated on the basis of inheritance. The same is true of poetic style. Judging from the development of poetry, the lack of mature poetic style of new poetry is a big shortcoming. Although new poetry is also the result of the development of China's poetry, the modern Chinese used in new poetry is quite different from the ancient Chinese used in classical poetry in terms of language. To the extreme, it can be said that it is already two languages in one language family. So this point deserves special attention. At the same time, as mentioned above, some so-called "poetic styles" of new poetry are only the names of poetic styles in classical poetry or foreign poetry, but they are very vague based on their own connotations. Therefore, based on modern Chinese, this paper analyzes new poetry.