Early human civilizations all appeared in areas where rivers flowed, and the important location factors for the formation of early human civilizations were water sources, river factors and the level of agricultural development, all of which were prerequisites for the emergence of civilizations.
1, Origin of Egyptian Civilization: Nile Valley
The ancient Egyptian civilization originated from the fertile silt brought by the periodic flooding of the Nile, while the Egyptian country originated around 3500 BC, and many primitive slave countries began to form on both sides of the Nile.
Then two kingdoms, Lower Egypt (North Egypt) centered on the Nile Delta and Upper Egypt (South Egypt) centered on the Upper Nile Valley, were gradually formed. Finally, around 3 100 BC, lower Egypt and upper Egypt merged, with Memphis in the southern suburbs of Cairo as its capital, and Egypt was unified.
2. The origin of Babylonian civilization: two river basins.
Ur is located in the south of the two river basins, namely the Tigris River and the Euphrates River. The former is 1950 km long and the latter is 2750 km long, both of which originated in present-day Turkey and flowed into the Persian Gulf. The two river basins refer to the middle and lower reaches. The Greeks called Mesopotamia, which means "between two rivers", and now it belongs to Iraq.
Ur is located not far from the right bank of the Euphrates River, more than 400 kilometers north of the capital Baghdad. In ancient times, Sumerians first lived in this area, Babylonians were latecomers, and the culture created by Sumerians was the pioneer of Babylonian culture.
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The unification of Egypt marks the birth of the first unified centralized country in the world. At this time, the civilizations in other parts of the world, even the two rivers civilization, ancient Indian civilization and Chinese civilization, only reached the stage of city-state and tribal alliance, while other civilizations were still in the primitive stage of gathering, fishing and hunting.
With the arrival of reunification, this is the first peak in Egyptian history. From 3 100 BC to about 2 18 1 year BC, ancient Egypt had a golden period of all-round economic, cultural and artistic development that lasted for six dynasties, which was called the ancient kingdom period.
It was also during this period that the earliest kings of ancient Egypt built magnificent pyramid tombs for themselves, and the construction of the pyramids can also reflect the powerful national strength of the ancient Egyptian kingdom from the side.