In late spring, Chang 'an city is full of songs and dances, and countless flowers fall. The east wind of the Cold Food Festival blows on the willow trees in the royal garden.
As night fell, the palace was busy lighting candles, and smoke drifted to the house of the prince and the marquis.
[Introduction to the author]
Han Yi (the year of birth and death is unknown), whose name is Junping, was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Nanyang (now Nanyang, Henan) people. He has been doing paperwork in the army and is good at writing farewell poems. He is as famous as Qian Qi and other poets, and is called "Ten Talents in Dali". Later, the emperor chose him as the calligrapher of China who drafted the imperial edict. At that time, there were two Han Han, and the minister asked who to choose. The emperor said that he would write about Han Han, whose spring city is full of flowers, which shows how famous this poem was at that time.
[Notes]
Spring City: Chang 'an City in late spring.
Cold food: In ancient Tomb-Sweeping Day, two days before the festival and three days after the fire, only cold food was eaten, so it was called cold food.
Willow in Imperial City: Willow in Imperial City.
Oblique rhyme: if it rhymes, it can be pronounced as xi according to the ancient sound here.
Han Palace: This refers to the officials of the Tang Dynasty.
Chuan: Here.
Five marquises: When the Han Dynasty became emperor, Wang Tan, Wang Li, Wang Ji and Wang Wu were made marques and received special treatment. Here generally refers to the close minister of the son of heaven.
[translation]
In spring, Chang 'an is full of falling flowers and dancing;
During the Cold Food Festival, the east wind blew the willow branches in the imperial garden askew.
At dusk, imperial candles came from the palace.
Light smoke scattered into the newly sealed prince's house.
[Appreciation]
Cold Food Festival is a traditional festival in ancient China, which usually lasts from winter to the future 105 and two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. The ancients attached great importance to this festival. According to the custom, every family banned fire and only ate ready-made food, hence the name cold food. Because the festival is in late spring and the scenery is pleasant, cold food has become a good day to play from Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty. Song people said: "Cold food is the only festival in the world." (Shao Yong) The system of the Tang Dynasty. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, the emperor announced that he would give the fire of elm willow as a reward to the ministers around him to show his gratitude. In fact, Dou Shu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem entitled "Making a Fire at the Cold Food Festival": "Grateful for the light and small officials, the lights are on at the beginning of spring. The film follows the ambassador and the stars shine on passers-by. Fortunately, the willows are warm and the grass is poor. " You can use this poem of Han Yi for reference.
This poem only pays attention to the description of cold food scenes and does not involve any comments. The first sentence shows the charming scenery of Chang 'an in the Cold Food Festival. Calling Chang 'an in spring "Spring City" is not only novel in language, but also full of aesthetic feeling. Moreover, these two words have the tone sandhi of Yin Ping and Yang Ping, which is harmonious and pleasing to the ear. Everywhere, "flying flowers" not only depict colorful spring, but also accurately show the scene of cold food in late spring. In late spring, catkins dance in the east wind, leaving countless red flowers. Say "everywhere" instead of "everywhere", and double negation constitutes affirmation, forming an emphasis tone, and the expression effect is stronger. "Flowers are Flying in Spring City" is about the whole Chang 'an, and the next sentence is about the scenery of the Imperial Capital. As the whole Chang 'an is full of spring and bustling, the scene of the palace can be imagined. Like the first sentence, here is not a direct description of the grand occasion of a spring outing, but a shot of infinite scenery blowing "Imperial Willow". At that time, the custom was to fold the willow into the door during the Cold Food Festival, so I wrote willow in particular. At the same time, it also takes care of the meaning of "giving a close minister with the fire of elm willow".
If one or two sentences are a general description of the cold food scenery in Chang 'an, then three or four sentences are special scenes in this general scene. Couplet scenes have a period of time, one is written during the day, the other is written at night, and "sunset" is the turning point. Fire is forbidden in cold food festivals all over the world, with the exception of "burning candles in Teqi Street" (Yuan Zhen's Lianchang Palace Ci). In addition to the palace, your attendants can also get this favor. This is the case with the sentence "Sunset", and it is also an image. Writing the word "pass" to the fire not only means dynamic, but also means giving one by one, which shows that the feudal hierarchy is strict. The word "light smoke scattered" vividly depicts a picture of China officials passing candles on horseback. Although I didn't write about a horse or a person, the faint smoke curled up, telling all the news, making people smell the smell of candle smoke and hear the sound of hooves, as if they were living on earth. At the same time, it will naturally give people an association and experience more meanings. First of all, the scenery varies from place to place, and every family forbids fire. The candles in the Han Palace are unique and contain the meaning of privilege. Moreover, the first to enjoy this privilege is the "Five Hous" family. Reminds people of the political disadvantages of eunuch dictatorship after the middle Tang Dynasty. Since the middle Tang Dynasty, eunuchs have been good at political affairs, and politics has become increasingly corrupt, just like the world at the end of the Han Dynasty. The substitution of "Han" for Tang in the poem is obviously ironic. No wonder Wu Qiao said, "The death of the Tang Dynasty was actually granted by our ancestors because eunuchs were in charge of troops. At the beginning of Dezong Jianzhong, this poem was only understood by the word' Five Hous', and the Tang poetry was even in the Spring and Autumn Period. " ("Poetry around the Furnace")
According to Meng Meng's Poem Art, Tang Dezong once appreciated Han Yi's poem very much, so he specially gave the prominent position of "the imperial doctor knows the imperial edict" to this frustrated poet for many years. At that time, because the secretariat of Jianghuai was also called Han Yi, Dezong wrote this poem in calligraphy and approved: "Han Yi by this", which became a much-told story for a while. Excellent literary works are often "images are greater than thoughts" (Gorky). Although this poem is only a description, the author's original intention is not necessarily ridicule, but the image he captured is very typical, which makes readers feel better than the work. Because the author did not deliberately pursue depth, but immersed himself in his own image and emotion to make poetry more subtle and full of emotion, which is better than many works of deliberate satire.