Accurately speaking, the history of western music art began with the Christian church in the Middle Ages. However, the theoretical basis of medieval music comes from many musical theories left over from ancient times. The most important one is Greek music theory. Therefore, to talk about medieval music, we should first discuss the theory and practice of Greek music. Greek music in prehistoric times cannot be studied in detail. Only from fairy tales can we know that music has magical power. Music can cure diseases, purify the soul, and even touch ghosts and gods, turning stones into spirits. This kind of thought, in Hebrew culture, also has the same performance. Since the beginning of human history, music has been closely related to religion. In Greek mythology, Iyre is the representative of Apollo, and Aulos is the symbol of Dionysus. These two musical instruments were probably introduced into Greece from Asia Minor. The lyre is a seven-stringed instrument. Usually used for solo, accompaniment or epic reading. Oros, a double-tube musical instrument with reeds, has a harsh voice. It is usually used in the ceremony of worshipping Diane Sotheby's as a connecting function between poetry recitation. It is generally believed that Dionysus's worship ceremony is the origin of Greek drama. Great plays in ancient Greece, such as chorus and music in Aeschylus, Sophocles and euripides, were mostly accompanied by oros. Around the 6th century BC, the lyre and the Oros obviously became two popular solo instruments at that time. In 586 BC, the existence of music competitions was clearly recorded. The musical instruments in the competition include lyre, oros and vocal music. After the fifth century BC, music competitions became quite common activities. The overall result of the competition has led to the progress of performance technology, and therefore, the complexity of music itself. In the eighth volume of Aristotle's Politics, he explicitly opposed this phenomenon. Between 450 and 325 BC, there was a movement against the complexity of music. In the early Christian period, Greek music theory and records were obviously simplified. At present, the examples of Greek music are mostly the products of the late Greek culture, mainly including two hymns of Apollo, three hymns of Misomid in Crete and Scrion. The time is about 150 BC. English music was originally an adjective form of Greek muse. Muse is the floorboard of nine goddesses who specialize in art and science in ancient Greek mythology. So the extended meaning of music is only to explore truth or beauty. Pythagoras believes that music and arithmetic are inseparable; He believes that understanding numbers is the key to the spirit and physics of the universe. Because the relationship between music and rhythm system can be explained by the order proportion of numbers, it can be regarded as proof of the connection with heaven. The harmony of music can also be regarded as the epitome of the harmony of the universe. This idea is fully demonstrated in Plato's Republic. Some Greek philosophers also believe that music and astronomy are inseparable. Their relationship can be seen in the mathematical laws of celestial bodies and intervals, which not only communicate with each other, but also compare models with planets. Ptolemy, the most important music thinker at that time, was also one of the best astronomers. The Greeks believed that music had the characteristics and functions of enlightenment. Because of the relationship between music and poetry, drama and dance, as well as the difference in pitch and sound form, the Greeks believe that different music can influence different behaviors of human beings. Different models have different educational characteristics. Therefore, what kind of person you want to be, you have to be exposed to what kind of music. The Greek model is named after different tribes in Greece. And these names mean the emotional characteristics of people in those tribes. For example, Dorian stands for perseverance, energy and quick response; Phrygia is emotional, passionate and ecstatic; Lydia is melancholy, gentle and introverted. This concept is generally called the "spiritual temperament theory" of Greek music. In ancient Greece, there was no music without poetry, and there was no poetry without music. Music and poetry are actually synonyms. The names of poetry genres are often nouns related to music. For example, "lyric poetry" lyric poetry refers to poetry and lyre playing and singing together; Odes and hymns both represent the genre of poetry and the form of music. The Greeks believed that music was essentially combined with reading and speaking. This concept has repeatedly appeared in the history of western music with different faces. The closest is the recitative of Baroque era and Wagner's view of music and drama in19th century. In Greek music, a piece of music never seems to need a certain speed. No sign of expression. The ups and downs of speed and strength are determined by the way the performer understands and expresses poetry, and there is no exaggerated strength contrast. Usually singing is accompanied by musical instruments, and the sound played by musical instruments is not exactly the same as that sung by people; The parts of musical instruments have certain rules, and the range is mostly above the pitch of the main theme of human voices. So it is very different from the concept of accompaniment that we know now. And the chords that appear from time to time are only two notes. It is more appropriate to indicate the rhythm than to accompany it. Sometimes, it is also used as a connection between two paragraphs. Besides the lyre and oros, there is also a stringed instrument called kithara. It is similar in structure to the lyre, but this instrument has four to seven strings, and later it even expanded to as many as eighteen. Although we don't know much about the history of Greek music, the theory of Greek music has deeply influenced western music. The relationship between mathematics and interval, the composition of mode and the naming of pitch in Greek music directly influenced the church music in the Middle Ages. Greek culture is the most direct ancestor of European civilization, and so is music.
Reference: epoch times/b5/1/9/8/c5405
The ancient Greek music left over today, including the early works of Christianity in the early Greek culture, are all broken fragments; Although there is music score, the way of playing or singing is not clear, but Spanish gregorio Banigua boldly reproduced the music. He created his own ancient Greek fantasia according to the collected melody fragments; He used 36 ancient musical instruments and various folk music rhythms, even Japanese beats and elegant music, presenting a variety of music. Some of these fragments are like mantras, some are like a white hair, and some are like 12 music. Banigua's rich musicality and fantasy have triggered our dreams and yearning for mysterious and charming ancient Greece. Artist: gregorio Paniagua
Director. Antique Anonymous of Greek Museum 1 Anakrousis. Orestes stasimo 3'03 2 fragment musical instrument De Duipoli 0'59 3 Prime Minister's hymn E Delfique A Apollo 4'50 4 Plain De Teke Mesa 1' 16 5 papyrus 29825-g13763/149444' 586 Praise. 55 7 hymn a la Muse 0'57 8 hymn A Berlin papyrus 68701'4613 anonymous belle Mann 4'1/65 438+04 premiere carol Pitic1'32/kloc. 5 papyrus harpsichord 2436 1'09 16 hymn Chretien d 'oxyynchus1'Cairo fragment 0'48 19 Terencio. Herchila 86 1 0'24 20 Poems. Mor 1
1 1f。 Migne 37
523 0' 37 21Dexieme hymn Delphique a Apollon 7' 14 22 Papyrus Oslo A/B. Epilogos-Katastrophe 5'09