This poem, written in the Kaiyuan period, is a famous farewell poem. The writer sent his friend Meng Haoran to visit the Yellow Crane Tower by boat. First, he imagined fireworks in March, and Jiangnan was early, so an old friend set off. After writing about the lonely sail's long journey, all his friends left and the river flowed by itself. A "great freehand brushwork" is displayed in front of you, and the feeling of parting is not revealed.
Li Bai made the most friends in his life, and Meng Haoran was older than him 12 years old. He forgot his friendship and was sincere. In the poem "Letter to Meng Haoran", Li Bai shouted affectionately: "Master, I cheer you from my heart, and your reputation has risen to the sky!" Praise Meng Haoran for abandoning the porch crown and lying in the mountains and forests of Yunquan. The mountain rose to the top and the scenery stopped, expressing the poet's deep admiration for Meng Haoran.
The farewell poem "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou by the Yellow Crane Tower" is bold and unrestrained, full of poetic meaning.
The Yellow Crane Tower, a world-famous scenic spot, was originally located on the Yellow Crane Tower in the west of Wuchang, Hubei Province. According to legend, the Yellow Crane Tower is a place where immortals soar by cranes, and it is also a place where poets hang around and meet at that time. Cui Hao's famous phrase "Yellow Crane carried saints to heaven in ancient times, but there is no Yellow Crane Tower today" adds a profound human landscape to the Yellow Crane Tower in Philip Burkart. Now two elegant poets say goodbye here, which is more poetic and romantic.
The second sentence "Fireworks in Yangzhou in March" expresses the poet's inner happiness and yearning with beautiful and lively poems. Because this person is Meng Haoran, a contemporary celebrity who became famous overnight; At this time, it was the prosperous time of the Tang Dynasty, bead curtain embroidery, prosperity, prosperity and peace, once in a blue moon; This scene is the same as the spring blossoms in March every year, the spring is bright and the flowers are blooming; The destination "Yangzhou" is a southeast metropolis, which has been prosperous since ancient times. From the Yellow Crane Tower to the ancient city of Yangzhou, there are many endless scenery, which are so fascinating and fascinating. The first two seemingly dull narratives contain how rich Li Bai's inner world is. At this point, how many words does he want to say to Meng Haoran? Although I can't bear to say goodbye, I have no sentimental mood and completely get rid of the general style of writing.
Li Bai is also an emotional poet. "The lonely sail is far away, and the sky is exhausted." When watching the ship go away, the lonely sail gradually goes away and disappears between the blue sky and clear water in Tianshui, the feeling of farewell arises spontaneously. Forward-looking, deeper friendship; The solitary sail fades, and the contrast is more affectionate. At this time, the canvas on the screen is gone, and there is nothing. However, it is this kind of blank that opens up a broad space for the poet's ideological gallop.
"Only the Yangtze River flows in the sky" is what the poet saw when he stopped for a long time and could not bear to leave. Facing the endless river and the distant water and sky, the poet seems to entrust his feelings to the river. In this surging river, Jiang Fan in the distance is full of the poet's affectionate farewell and infinite attachment, which makes people feel a distant realm with endless words and significance. Maybe he is thinking: when will we meet again after the old friend has left this time? He is alone. Was he lonely on the trip? I wish him a smooth sailing and a safe journey! This rolling river flowing to the distant horizon is also a symbol of their friendship; The river never flows, and the affection between them is endless.
What a profound friendship this poem expresses, but the word "friendship" can't be found in it. The poet skillfully pinned his deep affection for parting on the dynamic description of natural scenery, expressing his feelings with scenery and conveying his feelings with scenery, which made readers have a strong voice. As the saying goes, "you can't see the sails, but you can see the Yangtze River; The feeling of farewell is beyond words. "
In addition, in the rhyme of poetry, the poet also ingeniously chose the melodious rhyme of the three tones of "Lou", "Zhou" and "Liu", and recited it in a lingering way. This is very consistent with the distant scene of solitary sails, the river flowing to the sky and the poet's longing and affectionate expression. In addition, the language is beautiful and natural, and the artistic conception is rich and open. This poem really makes people like it more and more. No wonder it has been sung through the ages.
Li Bai's poems have broad artistic conception, such as falling from the sky; Li Bai's poems, with unrestrained feelings, soar into the sky. This farewell poem describing the scenery is full of ink, putting heaven and earth at the end of the pen; Write feelings, be full of lofty sentiments, and go with the flow. Poetry flies and flows away naturally, which is the most typical style of Li Bai. Meng Haoran (689 ~ 740), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, whose real name was Hao, was Haoran. Xiangyang Xiangzhou (now Xiangfan, Hubei) Xiangyang is known as Meng Xiangyang in the world. Because I have never been an official, I am also called Monsanto. Once lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. Traveling to Chang 'an at the age of 40 should be promoted by Jinshi. He once wrote a poem named Gong Qing in imperial academy, and he wrote for it. He has a close friendship with Wang Wei. Legend has it that Wang Wei once invited himself into the office, just as Xuanzong arrived, Haoran fled to the bed. Wang Wei didn't dare to hide it. According to the facts, Xuanzong was ordered to see it. Haoran recited his poem to the sentence "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistakes", but Xuanzong was not happy. He said, "You don't want to be an official, and I haven't abandoned you. Why do you falsely accuse me!" Put it back in Xiangyang. After roaming in wuyue, I was extremely poor. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), Han Chaozong invited Meng Haoran to Chang 'an to extend his reputation. But he didn't want to be famous, so he stood me up and got nowhere. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling became the long history of Jingzhou, which led to the shogunate. Before long, he returned to his former residence. In the 28th year of Kaiyuan, Wang Changling visited Xiangyang and Meng Haoran. They met and enjoyed each other. Haoran's disease broke out on his back, and he would be cured, and he would die because he indulged in feasting and eating fresh food.
Meng Haoran was born in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He was useful to the world in his early years, but he was politically frustrated and lived in seclusion for life. He is an honest and clean man, and he doesn't like to please others. His Geng Jie disobedient character and naive and noble sentiment are admired by contemporary and future generations. Li Bai praised him and said: "The beauty is unlucky, so don't focus on the car, but on the clouds; Now, "White-haired" said admiringly: "Gaoshan, how I long to reach you, just to pay tribute to Chun Xiang (A Word to Meng Haoran). Wang Shiyuan said in the preface to Meng Haoran that he was "handsome in appearance and handsome in spirit; Rescuing patients, resolving disputes, in order to establish righteousness; Irrigation of vegetables and bamboo is noble. " Wang Wei once painted his portrait in Yunzhou Pavilion with the title "Haoran Pavilion". Later generations respected him and refused to call him by his first name, so he changed his name to "Meng Ting" and became a local scenic spot. It can be seen that he is famous among ancient poets. Wang Wei, Li Bai and Wang Changling are all his good friends, and Du Fu, Pi Rixiu and others also have a good relationship with him.
Meng Haoran's life experience is relatively simple, and the theme of poetry creation is also very narrow. Meng's poems are mostly five-character short stories, mostly pastoral poems and secluded poems, and most of them are in the mood of serving immortals. Although it is not without cynicism, it is more of a poet's self-expression. He and Wang Wei also said that although Wang's poems are far less extensive and profound, they have unique artistic attainments.
Meng Shi's poetry is not carving, but thinking, full of wonderful self-satisfaction interest, not frugality and poverty. He is good at exploring the beauty of nature and life, immediately understanding the scene and writing his true feelings at the moment. For example, Qiu Deng Wan Shan sends Zhang Wu, Summer is in the South Pavilion, Guo Zhuang, Night Sleeping in Jiande, Night Song of Deer Gate, etc. , naturally become muddleheaded, but the artistic conception is clear and full of charm. Du Fu said that his poems and sentences in the Qing Dynasty were "perfect" ("Relieve boredom") and praised him for "why bother to write poems, they often give thanks" ("send happiness"). Pi Rixiu said: "Mr. Wang's works are full of praise when he meets the scenery, regardless of the strangeness, which makes those who pollute and bind the population have the interest of doing nothing. If he loses, he will be lucky and unfortunate. " The beauty of the Northern Qi Dynasty' hibiscus is exposed, and willow is sparse in the middle of the month'; Mr. Wang has Wei Yun Lian Han, Shu Yu Wu Tong. Yuefu Rong' sunshine on the sand, wind and spring turbidity'; The king said, "The fog of clouds and dreams has trapped Yueyang." . Xie Tiao's poem is' dew wet cold pond grass, bright moon reflects clear Huai Liu'; Mr. Wang has "the wind sends lotus fragrance, and the bamboo leaves drip." "This is better than the ancients." His lyrical works, such as "Returning to the South Mountain at the End of the Year", "Feeling on the River at the Beginning of Cold", "Climbing the Wild Mountain with Friends", "Xunyang Looking at Lushan Mountain at Night" and "Talking about Wanshan", etc. Often touched by the ethereal spirit, the brushwork is like nothing, but the meaning is profound and inexhaustible. Yan Yu uses Zen as a metaphor for poetry, which means that Haoran's poem is "wonderful" (Cang Bian). In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shi Lu introduced Yan's introduction, praised "the theory of verve" and Wang Meng. He used Ran He's poem "Xunyang Looking at Lushan Mountain at Night" as a model and said, "At this point, the poem is empty, and politics is like a gazelle, and there is no trace to be found. The painter called Yipin. " On the basis of inheriting Tao and Xie, the pastoral poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty has made new development and formed a school of poetry. Among his masterpieces, Meng Haoran is the longest. He is the pioneer and has great influence on that time and later generations. His poems are based on broad-mindedness, but "there is a strong and free-spirited spirit in broad-mindedness" (Tang Yingui cited Pu Yin for money). For example, "Clouds dream up and fog around Yueyang City" ("Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang") is linked with Du Fu's "There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the world drifting endlessly" ("Climbing Yueyang Tower"), which has become a famous sentence describing the wonders of Dongting. In Qing Dynasty, Pan Deyu once pointed out: "Pu Qin has been surprised by Xiangyang's poems, such as' Morning Light in Xu Dong'. Lying down in Pukou to smell the fish, the radial sound is dark, and the sunrise weather is divided, which shows that the rivers and lakes are wide and the boat knows the wind. Hanging seats for the morning hair, in the lake. See the middle stream, and press Jiujiang Bear. "In the morning, the incense burner rises and the waterfall sprays Chen Hong." You are full of energy and look down on everything. You can't just look at it and speak clearly. However, this is rare in Meng's poems and cannot represent the main aspects of his style. Generally speaking, the content of Meng's poems is thin, which makes him trapped by space. Su Shi said that he was "high in rhyme but short in talent, such as making wine by internal method without using materials" (quoted from Chen Shidao's Poems on Houshan), which was quite to the point.
Although Meng Xiangyang is the pioneer of Tangshan water poems, his achievements are not as good as Wang Wei's. Why? One is because of his talent, and the other is because his poems are often not as lofty as Wang Wei's. Meng Haoran has been an official all his life, and his heart is not sweet. This situation often appears in his poems, which makes his poems cold and frugal. Wang Moshu, however, was an official all his life. After many twists and turns, he had a profound understanding of the changes of the world. This emotion originated from poetry is often interesting and difficult to pursue.
Although, Meng's poems have their own merits. His poem Far Away not only inherits Tao Qian's thoughts, but also does not diminish Wang Wei. For example, the sentences such as "Going south to the wild, because the leaves are falling, the north wind comes to Shui Han" and "There is a breeze on both sides of the strait, and the moonlight is alone" can really be described as "empty and comfortable, indifferent", which is worthy of being a masterpiece in landscape poetry.
In the fourth year of Tianbao (745), Wang Shiyuan of Yicheng received Meng Haoran's poems and got 2 18 poems. He lost his book. Meng Haoran's poetry collection, which is now widely circulated, contains 263 poems, 45 more than Wang Ben's, including other people's works. For the deeds, see Biography of Old and New Books of Tang Dynasty. Yellow Crane Tower —— Meng Haoran's farewell on his way to Yangzhou
Lipper
Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers.
Sailing alone in the blue sky, I can see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky.
Interpretation of poetry
The old friend said goodbye to me at the West Yellow Crane Tower and went to Yangzhou in the misty and flowery spring of March. The sail shadow of the lonely boat drifted away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only to see the Yangtze River flowing to the horizon.
words explanation
Appreciation of poetry and prose
Li Bai's contact with Meng Haoran was just after he left Sichuan. At that time, he was young and happy, and the world in his eyes was almost as beautiful as gold. Meng Haoran, more than ten years older than Li Bai, has become famous for his poems. The poet sent his friend on a long trip, and he was full of envy for his old friend going to the bustling Yangzhou. His poems were filled with cheerful emotions. The poet's overlook on the river shows the deep friendship between them. The whole poem is natural and beautiful, with an open realm and vivid image.
Yellow Crane Tower
The Yellow Crane Tower, towering above the Snake Mountain in Wuchang, enjoys the reputation of "the best scenery in the world", and is also called "the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River" with Yueyang Tower in Hunan and Wangtengting Pavilion in Jiangxi. The Yellow Crane Tower was built in the Three Kingdoms Period in the second year of Wu (AD 223). Legend has it that it was built for military purposes. Sun Quan built a city to defend himself and looked forward to "ruling the country by force" (hence the name of Wuchang). By the Tang Dynasty, its military nature had gradually evolved into a famous scenic spot, which was visited by literati of all dynasties, leaving many well-known poems. Cui Hao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote: "In ancient times, yellow cranes carried saints to heaven, but today there is no yellow crane tower. The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass. But I looked home, the twilight was getting thicker, and the river waves were filled with sad mist. " Becoming a swan song throughout the ages has also made the Yellow Crane Tower famous.
The Yellow Crane Tower, known as one of the three major buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, was originally located in Fantou of Yellow Crane in Sheshan, Wuchang, Hubei. According to legend, it was built in the second year of Wu in the Three Kingdoms (AD 223). After repeated construction and destruction for more than 700 years, it was finally destroyed by a fire in the tenth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1884). This famous building is full of legends, which makes it even more magical.
According to Lu, the Yellow Crane Tower was originally a hotel opened by the Xin family. Before leaving, a Taoist drew a crane on the wall to thank her for her thousand cups and told her that it could come down and dance for fun. From then on, the guests were full and the business was booming. 10 years later, the Taoist priest came back and played with a flute. The Taoist priest set foot on the yellow crane and went straight to the sky. In memory of the fairy who helped her get rich, Xin's family built a building in her place and named it "Yellow Crane Tower".
There are three different stories about this beautiful fairy tale over the years. The first thought the fairy was Huang Zi 'an, the second thought it was Fei Yi, and the third didn't have the fairy's name.
Guangling
Important cities and military towns on the north bank of the Yangtze River during Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu dug a ditch here to connect the Yangtze River and Huaihe River and compete for the hegemony of the Central Plains. Qin County was established, Guangling State was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and Guangling County was changed to Guangling County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, so it is located in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province today. Cao Wei set the county and moved to Huaiyin. Wu set Guangling County in Yangzhou today. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Guangling County was set up along Wei, and it was placed under Xuzhou. First rule Huaiyin, then move to Sheyang (now Baoying East, Jiangsu). The Eastern Jin Dynasty also ruled. Guangling County covers the area east of Hongze Lake and Liuhe at the junction of Jiangsu and Anhui, south of Siyang, Baoying and Guannan, west of Chuanchang River and north of the Yangtze River. There is Guazhou Town on the bank of the river forty miles south of the city. It is a moraine in the Yangtze River, named after it looks like a melon. The Yangtze River flows from Liuhe County in the northwest, and borders Jingkou County in Dantu County in the south. The two cities face each other across the river, and the north and south echo each other. * * * together constitute the important town of Kyoto Health in the upper reaches of Gong Wei. The river was 40 miles wide at first, then gradually narrowed, and it was only about 20 miles wide in the late Northern and Southern Dynasties. When Xie 'an Town in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was in Guangling, a base area was built twenty miles east of the city, which was called New Town. There is a dam twenty miles north of the new town, which was built by Xie An on the edge of Shaobo Lake to keep water. Later generations compared Xie An to that of Yan State in Zhou Dynasty, and called this Dai Dai. In the sixth year of Huang Chu (225), Wei Wendi Cao Pi conquered Wu and moved the capital to Guangling, the old city. He sighed on the river and said, "the sky is limited to the north and the south." In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Guangling controlled Sanqi, and the secretariat of Qing and Yan was here. In the second year of Xianhe (327), the Soviet Union and Zuyue rebelled. At that time, Chi Jian led Guangling and Xuzhou Secretariat Town, and with the troops of Qingyan and Yanzhou Secretariat, he rose from Guangling to put down the rebellion. In the second year of Taiyuan (377), Xie Xuan was the secretariat of Southern Yanzhou, moved the military headquarters of Southern Yanzhou from Jingkou to Guangling, and recruited expatriates to form the northern government soldiers. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, due to the chaos in the Central Plains, refugees crossed the south, and the overseas Chinese county was permanently located in Guangling. In the eighth year of Song Yuanjia (43 1), it was located in Nanyanzhou, Guangling County, followed by Qi and Liang. Northern Qi Dynasty changed to East Guangzhou, and Chen Dynasty restored South Yanzhou. After the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty, it was changed to Wuzhou, which was still a military center and was headed by the company commanders. At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, it was Yangzhou and general manager office, and later it was changed to Jiangdu County. The rank of governor is the same as that of mute. Emperor Yang Guang of Yang Di went to Jiangdu and wanted to move the capital here. In the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Yanzhou, Yanzhou and Yangzhou, and later changed to Guangling County.
Introduction of Li Bai
Li Bai (70 1-762) was born in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now Tianshui County, Gansu Province). At the end of Sui Dynasty, he moved to Broken Leaf City in Central Asia (now Tokamak, Soviet Union), where Li Bai was born. At the age of five, his family moved to Mianzhou >: Zhangming County (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province). At the age of 20, he left Sichuan alone and began to wander widely, reaching Xiangjiang River in Dongting in the south and wuyue in the east, and living in Anlu (now Anlu County, Hubei Province). He traveled around, hoping to make friends and pay homage to celebrities, so as to be introduced. > climb high to realize political ideals and >; Ambition. However, after ten years of wandering, I have accomplished nothing. Continue to go north to Taiyuan and Chang 'an, east to Qi and Lu, and live in Rencheng, Shandong (now Jining, Shandong). At this time, he has made many celebrities and created a lot of excellent poems, which are famous all over the world. In the early days of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty went to Beijing to worship the Hanlin under the recommendation of Taoist Wu Renyun. Soon, due to the remorse of the dignitaries, he was driven out of Beijing in Tianbao 34 (AD 744 or 745). Since then, he has been wandering in Jiang and Huai, and his thoughts are extremely boring. In the winter of the 14th year of Yu Tianbao (AD 75), An Lushan rebelled. At this time, he lived in seclusion in Lushan Mountain, which coincided with the great army of Wang Yong, and invited Li Bai down the mountain to enter the shogunate. Later, Li Lin rebelled against Su Zong and was eliminated. Li Bai was implicated and sentenced to exile in Yelang (now Guizhou Province). He was pardoned and released halfway from Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) to Xuancheng (now Xuancheng, Anhui). In the first year of Baoying (AD 762), Daizong died in dangtu county, Anhui. Li Bai lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He had the progressive ideal of "helping the poor" and "settling down in peace", and he struggled to realize this ideal all his life. A large number of his poems not only reflected the prosperity of that era, but also exposed and criticized the debauchery and corruption of the ruling group, showing the positive spirit of despising the powerful, resisting the traditional bondage and pursuing freedom and ideals. In art, his poems are novel in imagination, strong in emotion, magnificent in artistic conception and fresh and lively in language, forming a bold artistic style and reaching the peak of positive romantic poetry in ancient China. There are more than 900 poems, including Li Taibai's poems.
Meng Haoran (689 ~ 740), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, whose real name was Hao, was Haoran. Xiangyang Xiangzhou (now Xiangfan, Hubei) Xiangyang is known as Meng Xiangyang in the world. Because I have never been an official, I am also called Monsanto. Once lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. Traveling to Chang 'an at the age of 40 should be promoted by Jinshi. He once wrote a poem named Gong Qing in imperial academy, and he wrote for it. He has a close friendship with Wang Wei. Legend has it that Wang Wei once invited himself into the office, just as Xuanzong arrived, Haoran fled to the bed. Wang Wei didn't dare to hide it. According to the facts, Xuanzong was ordered to see it. Haoran recited his poem to the sentence "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistakes", but Xuanzong was not happy. He said, "You don't want to be an official, and I haven't abandoned you. Why do you falsely accuse me!" Put it back in Xiangyang. After roaming in wuyue, I was extremely poor. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), Han Chaozong invited Meng Haoran to Chang 'an to extend his reputation. But he didn't want to be famous, so he stood me up and got nowhere. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling became the long history of Jingzhou, which led to the shogunate. Before long, he returned to his former residence. In the 28th year of Kaiyuan, Wang Changling visited Xiangyang and Meng Haoran. They met and enjoyed each other. Haoran's disease broke out on his back, and he would be cured, and he would die because he indulged in feasting and eating fresh food.
Meng Haoran was born in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He was useful to the world in his early years, but he was politically frustrated and lived in seclusion for life. He is an honest man and doesn't like to cater to others. His Geng Jie disobedient character and naive and noble sentiment are admired by contemporary and future generations. Li Bai praised him and said: "The beauty is unlucky, so don't focus on the car, but on the clouds; Now, "White-haired" said admiringly: "Gaoshan, how I long to reach you, just to pay tribute to Chun Xiang (A Word to Meng Haoran). Wang Shiyuan said in the preface to Meng Haoran that he was "handsome in appearance and handsome in spirit; Rescuing patients, resolving disputes, in order to establish righteousness; Irrigation of vegetables and bamboo is noble. " Wang Wei once painted his portrait in Yunzhou Pavilion with the title "Haoran Pavilion". Later generations respected him and refused to call him by his first name, so he changed his name to "Meng Ting" and became a local scenic spot. It can be seen that he is famous among ancient poets. Wang Wei, Li Bai and Wang Changling are all his good friends, and Du Fu, Pi Rixiu and others also have a good relationship with him.